BOOK REVIEWS
Clmtbti'JI. Pama~<u~ A _,.,,. :lpoJt.w.aforGrr<-11. mrJ ILstm Hy Tr.>cy l.t"C
Snnmom. Wolrrungton, OE , 1St !look.<, 20m xvil. 2611 JUg..;' $21 95 l '
cl:.o..,x_;,.,m.,......tb}'>3«"""m"d'lnthchu..nt"•ofnpb.imllJolfor<Jri..,ndin~lwh.uth<")' "-"'<-h«•they~rc·ln
C<>nt'C)ing!lw.·<"-'><'0<\:ofAr><:io:mGr<.,.k
...-ill.tho.'fdore.i<k-ntif)·irnrro.>di
3r><IRorn:~n<"Ultu"'tolhcir>~vdo:n1< Th~-
atd)'u-,ththo·occJ,ionofShntooJ\' hoc:>k his"-l!tt'ldut!lwt"Omt•t>tr>n<:of
thc\X'e<t'-'m<...tucah<>112oltr.ldillonh:l,bo._·<'Orti<:'<Oth-kld~o:dfn.>mlh<•popul.tr
e<>n...-iotNtel.' llut SIII\UII)rl.< <IIJ n<~ writ~ C/tmbiiiJI PUrllaS!JW pnnutily for
'""'''"'"'' 11;.. >IAit-d go•l• ~"'fiN to 't'lll<klal.., the ccntunt'"-lon~ corner
th"t(~f<'<.'k>rtoJUun~ldon"·hot~•rl<lunhc"'il)'runi<-ul:o.-3nJ....-con<ily
'I<>C~hon-•nc.l-l<><k-f~.h).·wnn•...,Jndrunnrng<'Oinnll"m>.ry,t~i.<k>ng
p<~l htorhcfnrmc~l.culuvat<dmii>Irtl'ref•n·~;-nill. f'.•Si!I1Jtl<>ll»hi~T~>Cif
•<lmr!S. the ,...,..,..,,,, of hu. •~!a i.• lnund not in d'<• '1~.._-,f,c o~umcn"
dut COOIIf'O'<: I! l•lnre ""'"Y nf!h....., ~•e ••old ~• d><·tn<.huon IL>cll),lltJI
r.llhn"in tlt.,.;r;ppllc~tiun to• n><><k-mAmc·nconu>ntcxl
!·or tJU" ~n<icnL•. l'ar~~;~>-SU• ..,.._, th" m)11U<"! U..'l'lling pl.ile o( lhe
Mu'<"'. <1aught~rsul l.cu.• and""-'"~ oft!i\'J"t' !n.•pi!"<Hk>tl fur lotcrary ao1L<l•
ForS.inunc>n<.themuunt.oln<' mhlen>:>tiz.-.th<"•piril.uxl'-Uhou"""'of•n<:.eru
flt<klri.o, "hlch, wuh''"'""''""'"'~"'' lhruugh oltc p•a,.., inforll1<"dthe l);'c"'<l<'<11 !~won· •no.lf""<'UU' of !Ohcr.ll .,..,Juc;~toon up unul U... c•:u!) l•••l'llUellt <t'lltul}' In ~mmon.<· ,.,..,.,. il ;, 1101 mt•rely 1hc• '-'Xt•mp4ry char~<~<'f of (.;r,..,k ~nd
Rumonhlef'•IU"'!Ito<m...lu..... <iwlr.•dnlont-ldo~•<..:::.o.laiU<"I>OnS<>"'Ottlt
do..-lendcn~. ln\lead, he t•kc• • >1<-~·rcrapproot·h tu his J>Of>Uli<ll..I.IIOtJ. 'll'\""
ln)ltl>l"lw.>•-yl"'ll]lh:l<<'lhisJ~•I"l'>~<"mJ>I><:•.-.Jonfi•rm••"·•·ll:o.'
rontrnt Hr point.• out that !he km~. t<~liou• pron·s.< .~- k·.uninll diffiOJI<
bnll'"'ll'-""lik<·t.ounono.IG""-'k"''"'''''""•<-<l"-''lwnac•"'l}'f'l'\'limon.ol}'lu
thcpropc<WnLt'nl]llatiO!I<>fthdrlitcratures.not3•opli<>nalc•nn.:h<Tl<'nlfor
'"""" .,-oo.-n,<>unt<"< th<cm foN on lro~n-.l.lloon<-d"' u•-u~l """"'of cx[><.'fic"'IC·
ing <ht" <.:la>.•i<~ !od.l)'- P~r~mo<mt tu ,m, tr•!liU<>nal H>OCC)>t d ,-);,,._.,,-,) L~lu·
<110Qn "the notion th.o< <T\Ind.tr~>nt-..lL-:art~,n <IK:•pron'-·,.tion an<lconu·olol
lin)IU>"-l< .<uldet;-· ,-ill ..._-quin· •n h~bitwl "d"'!"oc~. · ..-loch k.• holh an lnu>ll<'<lwlpr.-co"unand•n"'--.d><·o~<"'-""'ihch!yha....-dont>ai•IIC<·•ndJ>mpunlon
Gn.•·k•ndLitln•"'highlyh>ll<'C!L•II>nll"agt"and•"''"""'fon.·•-minl-ntl)"-'~~'<1 10 ""h trainong. thdr '"mplt•x ")'ntaX<'' n.-qul«• "'H<Icnl< tu hao-~ an
t'Jiplidt undcr""-ndln~ ui tl>l" full gr~l1\ll\,1!iGII . .., "<-ll :1.' "-'Uunti<, <iq>cnd-<'11(<' of
wot\1 in • ,_.,nt<-nn• Th.- ultnn;o<c ~KMI ol !he h>rd dmth ~,_
w-~rd< llngul-tk: rn;&>!<-'1)' "ai>'>Orptlon ofc·b ..<i<.,.Jii~er:>run· in !he: ""ll'"'ll
Tioc•inouml'•eld:-.atn"·hum.1ni"i <'UI'I!lhtlhew i"'lurnof:.loftypro.pccl
"''"!}'
SUchwi.<dommayhc:L'Umi<kreJin.spirul,hutltboonferrt.'<lonlyuponthose
who haw r:t!so.'<l lh~m>dV<-..., to tt hy o "'illin)(nt..-.s "' ~ndu"' dn.uJg~ry. lt l•
~mphati<.lllynOI asetofutWtartanskill><Xo fuzzy. hypcr-<krnocn~crcl>tiv
l""· the go;tl' •nrib\ltt.'<l by ~immons to tll<' tv.o wor>t e-ducational l»rddigm'
:>foot today. But ndth~r bit the au~inment ofsp<><e!alia'<l philological .chol
arship in the "!'iden~fk' mode, which par•doxiC:llly ros<.> to its zenith just as
-~ dassic-•1 education 1-.:IY'n to <k:dinc in the early "wnU~th '"ntury
The theme of holy mountaine~rin)( funht:r providt" Stmmo"' with •
<un<.,itfortheS!n.Ktul't:ofhi>hook.whi<:hf""'crltiquesth"'"'"'ofa"xifCty
"ith ln~dt-qt.•at~ educ:<tionol parAdigms, next k•ad,; the n::.tier ' upward.;'
lhrotJ);h ah i,.,myofCias_;ical<"'lU<.,tion throuj!.h!ll<'aK<-.,;.andf=lly>UNeys
th.,wi\Oic ....;cn~fromah<we, ..,tharepriseofsomt:ofthc:lnitialob>t_.,...dtiotl>
and an •l!t:mptlo show how more: wkk.,.pawl das:;ical training would lmj>r<l\'ethepupuL.tion~t IK>lh an indi•·id11alar>da '<OCit"!~llevel '!he pervasive
mctaphoroftca"'"'<"Tidmcc.o.;wdl:.>lhc'J>l'tificwntentofthefourm.ain
chapte,.,.ofthebook,isevidt:ntintheirtitk.,.:lntruduction: "Afcw,<>lcsat
&.,;,, Camp·, Ch>pt"" One "lk'nt Twigs and n._.._., Indin<...l Ulx·rul Eduation, th~ lhtmanlti~s. and th~ Qu""t for a Coltunon Jl.lind: The Footlulb of
CL..-sk:t.IF<hu:atlon',Chapt~rT"·o."Pro:sp<'CtfromtheClstalianSprlnii'Tb"
Lon11 A-.c<>nl of C\:;L<SiOII
Bduc;~tion
from Aru:ient to Modern Tim<.,'; Chapter
Til"-'<:c"Tr.~vt•HngthmughtkR<">IrmofGold:ThellalmsofGrttkandL.o.tin'
Thchook~L«>ha.,•Fon.:"mrtlbyWilhamF.BlKklt."}'jr.,a
Prtface,abibliog
r:1phyandan!ndt:x
Siltunon.s'booki>ili..tin);ubhc-dfromt>lhcrrt_"<.'t:'ntdefeO<.=ofthe
Cl.>.ssics by its rclentl<'SS biSISlell<'<: on the pri.Jn:Ky ofhn~uc,tic ll"dlnin~. While
h~ beli.:ve:stl1at rolk·K<-•CLos;icscourscs taught in l'.ngh>h tr.ln,Jation arc fin~
lntheirwa}·.h.,tl1inkslh•tbe<.·ausethL;'an:n01p.~rtofarompl~tt!Cla."<ico l
Educt~on huilton<'.lriylangua~<' <;~u<ly,th~can pot<•nti:!Urdothcdi.ss<."t\'lceofrtkn:l)·n:!.ti•·i>Jngthcdi"·iplineh"alllrm.stobeessentlal.Thoughhis
lntmt to vlndk:u~ the lt:a>t appll."<.iatL-d a>f"'<, of th~ fteld "'ill ct"tt.1inly mi!ke
mostda.<>i<i>L<thrill,tltt!<JUC,.,it>nofhowwcllh.-..,ach._.stholieinrealn......:l
ofpersuaslonrcntain, . Soux1.in~e>thbllawscc"'-'thcremltofargllln.,ntaU'"
SU".ItCJ!Y,rJtherlhanlhetnhert.,\tdillkultyofcxpl:unin)!an<>hsatrc,ubj<:<:t
Thus, in th~ final chapt<"t, ~immon> provi~ lhOM: "i!ltout Laun ~nd Grt."'k
on~ofthelx"' illu>tr:Hions l'"'""'nofhow Ll.tinworksasalangua!!"•nd
howit'""dY<"-flpr<.Jl-idethe<;~udcnt wlththeri<thtnwntalpn:p:tNtlonfor
tacklingliter.tf}''-"ntcntin thcmiginal.Butltwould"'-"t'mto"""""tool:ltein
a hook aiux-d at a ft"d<kr n<M aln•ady in tlw know lt mtght have h~lped 5Udl
a n.·adt:r tO have had thi,' <:xt:mpl~ry lllustr~uon ~arli~r. for ~~ample In !),.,
pr<."fac~ >n<i Chapter One, when k or >11<: ;,. fon_._'(] tO tokc Simmom' a"""'tion.sonTherestoratil'C"ba!msofGn:ek and U.tin" at face '"lue. !nCh•l~"'
T"·o, SimfTIOils· eminently "'adabk•h!storyofClas.<ical~>ducation, tlteprol>lt,m ul audjcnU' ;,; m:>nif<'SI In a dill~rent way. ~immons shows how ID.
linl(llhtkmn.•dCia»k:tl~·<.hxo\k>nP""L<;~<'<lthrouj!.htll<'fascirutting'orianct:J
ofl•rdnenccfurGn."CkovcrLaun,<A lhi,authormwthatacrosstheagK
h<>l novoho,.._.- i' tkr~ ~ nw•IJy "".UinL"tt =o.b~ of •n1· antit•rull:"'- A ,-~oo<e
k>Ok "'·"""" "'P"''"n~ti•<' t~xt tnisflt h,,., lldP<-'<lto ~oxpl•'n 1!1~ nec~"'"'''f
b<.~wt'Cn t"'-' ~xt"""" dfon f<'<lUU<"tt to ..,.,m the onwn:~J bn-
'"""'-'<lion
i!'Lllll'S~nd thcl•uprc'ml'•-ah..,of""-'ir<'""~m
ln>ik'
T1m>Ujj.h<>ut,
!lut
~~"'-'Tiint:
~unJTIOil.< t~k'"
the high t<>;«< In mort' than ono.· ..,n.,..
at"~}" ne._., ~nd •houkl "-'f!1;1in
o..,.._""-«1 .,....._• ...,.., ha>
>n dn~ j>U"'-lil, h" •<knm>o'i<"ttM''' tha! w~ no IOIIM"' cqua1e hiMit 'IQ<:i:l.l cl.._~,
with tl"' hlgh kntrll<""rual onenle rcqwn"tt for d:o""'-'11 tr:llntng
Y~
Sinunon•
ili<a•·o••.,anyfiOliOI'Iatthcout.c!!lulh<'ha>wnttcnopr.~<llcal r>"""ril~•on
for ~<1tlng th.: Cl:oM.i" ~>;o,·k m tl"' .cl'lf>oh_ ar><l he lik<"'<"' """·),.,...-~any
~tintoth.:p>n><-ul~f'lufthchroad<'f""'-'<-•liorulddl<ll<'an<.ll<<r.~rn•O
<-;1.0<>11• iiiU>(jU<""io~o/polili<'.< , t'b"-<, Wt:31th,•nda<-..·es.<. Thc,-.,.ult ba
ha<tl1C•1rto.ocofll<.~ng un<ll'fl<;>hlyd<-'3>'
ond thougln -prow>klng. r-,,~·cnh<:ks.•, ~ iurn>OO>· t0r1C v:~clll~t<" ll<-'<w<-t:n"
ml~l:int eruhu<i1'rn and the ~~oi....Uul mrl.:u-..:huly olooe "''i>o ~n_, 1-2-"t"tt tl>t'
'""-"-1fruitofatrt_-..·lk-kno""l•d}l"l!
damn-aU""'""""" olpoNuon th.n
C'"'ner•lly.~lrnmrn»lsa
pl<-asu..,to.._.-•d
N.a~>Um;ol<-<tbyprol<-""'""'
bndaproJ"""""oli""""'Jj_'"').ll"".,.unwL'!ron'ist<.•rulylu<.O<l>ndeng:~!ling;
a.< an O>tlonl MA In Cl~s.,;,.,, hl• "I'"- i• ~~the'-'""'~""' &.'t·ply informe-d hy
t""lr.ldnion""""!)!<L- JnlloN"""tc""•rgumr-nl•"'immor"""'knOII<'
«Jn>(;ltttl~- ""'"'~ tlutlw kwp' di,tlrt~lli>hc..J intdk><.-ruJic001J~<ny (CS. u,.... ;,;,
T.S EIIOI. W lt A..0..•n an: f~H•.orlte>l. ,.. .._., .J h" quOUlJoto of oohef'l i' oet:a·
...on:.o.llye~u..,.,vc.nd hi.., 11"'" l<·ndoen<-yto"""rtl> aphon>O<.- un~r.~occ >OOIC·
tlnl<..,doyil>!l
TliC ...-._..knt_..._...,.u(:...rrunom h<>Okrwkeitun-.uital~c."' lll)'OJlinlon
"'"'Und-alunen••dforoot<l<kl'o"i.<lnni:(IOU!I<kl'ol.mdtl..,bro,;od"'lo...,..ncc
ufQo.,.,;,.,t<ltb)' Hcha..nen'Tih.:l""''"'ritten>'illl""'nuwdef<""-'-"olthc
old:lS>K-~il"<luca.t>OII w~ll "orth n>n.<ld<:r.>tlon lndt'Cti, thl< book has
,o._.,
>lll"•<1ed•lt()Odtl...Johu<••uim•lii<"'J1'"hl><-ati<>n0twas-~ek'1.1cdl~-droic.­
a<Oul"'-"nd<ng A•<I(Jemk·'ti<lcfor.!OOll,andtlm'onht-""idtohavc had
'-£>111C<UCCL..._,;nJl,.Ut~"tipul'j><,.,.,olhrinwnlttliCOid:lr)lllll><'l'll<h.-hichht•
uodett»hlyfr.~nl<.,lnfiL-.h>ndf>>liiUIIIlj!W•)"l"'•"""'·"'I<L."n<'<' . .':timm;Jtl>
h"sthlng>><>teachtheoklaud~ence•''"cll_1'hcr>noxn!nn,-,c"·cr.hlm..-lf•
C'.b,...,-.t,<>nlt'froonChml>iowPttrnautunoonnl}'W>than.,k_n,·>t<"tt"'-"'l.""of
"" rOI•· in thr u~<lcmy, h<Jt ~lo.o 1~<.1ter onned f<>r his uwn d:w-t<>-day
•r><>loj;•1ics
Oame a"d 1/w Ont•m lly Bn"'I<L1 o....,n S..:luldJ("n. Lrh;lna a11d Chi(:J)IO
t:ofllhnob1',200l xii, 20!lpa 1:fC.< S3-!95LS
T1lelaM twcmyycal'oha•·<'witn<'''''-'!tl\cw""'1hui'intt·r~ln\l'<'<ll'fnYic-o.-s
of the Oli<'lll. mdu<hng 1101 on!)- tho: ITJ()<],:rn ll<·liod of <"Oiortinuon hut abo
ext~•><lml( hack 1nl<>
the mon' "'~" P<'-"- lheflC l< undoub<<-..J..l)· a l(n:>t
dl>junc:.toonho:N.<-"-"'\ht'modo_m~ntnd~;o,.~ndw,..,_.,tw.-nthcfuf9.
pc.-an<t>kxu>.mgna!IOn.,.,"l'ftin~JlO!o•!>Onolm<lllary.poliuo:al,andculnor.tl
"'''"""-'!
<lom.inan<:..,_ ~nd the ""-"~~1"'"1 '-"'ro<ln!...,., wh~n the pos<lkm "'''
Dorifllllhc '"''dlih throu~h foun<-"<"nth c~nturk.~. h lomk phiiO>OPhy and ...;J.
en<e """"at,..., "J18Uud oiWes<ern um:llt"<1wlll)O'>-.,mefl~. Ori<T>J:>IIuxury
goo:xls"·m:h<ghly<k:sat'edcon>mo<li!iel.anclthc~v""'unng•ruothc
Near 2t>d M<ddle Eo.>!"~ """'•11."111)' thw:1.no"'lln their dTnrt> to J:>kc (~nd
hold) Jcru.,.tlem. S..:hlld~en's work Is thus pan·~· on ongoin~ d!On to write~
hc'lloryol~-'-"'t'm•ti.Jt1111<-stov.anlthc10>".focw>lnl(onthculu:o-<Otnonkal
flw-<n:ollhnt~. "'hoi>olten ..,__"T> .._, IIHiqln...,.."T>I>IIn.., JlO<'I<>f the
"'~~'-"'
'toddle
ln>f>tWolhcrtitlc,Da"'emtrltbeOrie•"·'hc.-.-an:r•.-~llytwo<hmcn­
.<innsto!S<:hlldwm·>ln•·<-"ilgotion: Oolntc·, f"-'1'SJX'<.'ll'."""'hc l>.lmu~workl
ano.lhl!lan~ud<·tO\'Oonllndio ...-hi<h!!o<hildllf'n~uf""'"'-''ho:'jtOOdOrio:-nl"
(ll)'i)_ An:<>rilingl}'. tht, duf'l<''" !!IQ\.., from • Jt(1ln:ll '""''-1'of"D•nt~-,
(j<-ogr:lphy'(Ch. l)loi"'Oduf'lei'OnWe'llcno•·o<"'"''oi l<lam,11le~'''"
the L:itln \l:'orld" (Ch 2) ond ·oamcundth<' Huly LandC".ru ...,<k'" (Ch .Sl.
o:>ndudtng ,.-uh 1"-'11 duf>le!S on lhnte·• lndi.o. "lhnt<: •nd the lndu~ T'l\t,
~lvationofl';oll"m"(Ch ~)and "Mor:odt-aodthc ~'"""'lou.' lhrueandtht·
Wondcnoflt..,Ori<.T>t"(Ch.5).L:ich<>fthcsel.'iquil<'"'lf<OOtamt"'l,prinll"'l
wlthll.'im>-'llnotc>althcl-ruinftil<:dl:tf>l"'·"'·hkhnu)"'"'l'lalov.hythe<lual
focu.• on l.<l~m •n<l ln<lla .._, lwo •-ay diff.-,..,nt ~'Cl.' of lhc On<--nt 110"
12-IJI"Iy
ln_'-'~d. Sd>iltljceo "'i""" tlul !)ante's d..1,;,-uon. of"ot'<"'-'ertl
""'""tcd
cru~r<w·hofoullh<hefo;c:aUyall"tn"Mu>Jim,acruaUyt.a,hulctoOO"-''h
Oni.>li.on \'lews of l;lom: "where-..< the ls.l:unk "'orld l< !1<>1 hi• inml<"'llatc
concern, WUn ~uropc
''the kx·•tlon of hi> ~n•oe~l.-.- (921. Her argumo..'lll
"'oro""fl"<iallyweak~nd"·ho.-n'>h.-c!J.on~'tt..'lht-f>n-""'n<:e.inlho­
f'amt/oo,ofOtarl=u.gnc. Rol>nd, Renoan,'«~!umofOr.IOJ!",•nd<:l'cn
(;.-.jf"')·o/lk>ulllorodoe<.notln<lkat<'l)•nt<·-;lnlci'C!ttirtlhe<'Oitflk1ht:l'ol....,
Oori,ti>nll)":>nd l ><i;!m:l"'<tc'•d,it"d..•mon.<tr•t•·'lti>focu,nn~uropt,"(8l;c:f.
7ll.l1>t"ool)-l"'-noftheE:I..<Itt..tmati<'1SioU.ntc.:ocronlin!IIOSdlikiw:n.is
thcn>Ofl'do)Unt<-~t.-mfronut_-rollndi;o;but'-"'""'thisi.<"ll"kfocantonly:ua
~·mboli<•f"'Ct."U><:dt<>...,firK"'«''-"t~rnt~"lroncer"',n<MasanliCIU.ll
II<'OW"Phl<a l loc.lt!oo.Tiwi,Jamk-Orientisirrdc"-'•nl,lnthc•rcading,"'·holc
ll~elndi>nOrlo.·ntis•unf>ly•·poo.'ll<"""'"""("n"(I06)
The: t><>olc is nor a <"Omprclll.-n."''~ '-'tidy lt;, <'Onlf>0"'--"11 of ;u." Ill
l"'ll<'"(""'clUihnRnol<:<i."'-"•rlyh;ll!olwhi<;hha•caf'l":"'n-dinrnn<eloewl>erc. Ofthch<><>k.•fh•e chapl<'r<, I"'O(and pon of Jn<~llt•r) wcrt=oriHIN IIy
pub!L,J"-"'lln/Amle51o"/W.(ll6!19'Jijl,llll19911.andll}[199'ii).Thepor-\io.tsly f>Uhl><hed "~>11< ""'""'Wly th:lc found lnt:h:lf'I<'1S~ ~nd 5, i.'larnot13
thc51ronl(<""'aodbt.'>l-<lorumcntt.-.Jmatc:rtaltohcfoundin/Jumeand•
Qrlem TI>er-:orlk'rdi:I..JM•1',<"SJl'<-"<.iall)'!hc:foundHI<>nalch;l~eronmedievl.l
W<"<>gfJf'ily, •n: \'~ry !t\UI'h "'c•kn Th~ .-cadt.'f(' hkcl)'IO he J"-'uJed"r
l't>dnol<:<"hll·hh:l<.., !mlt'u><lo••.-.thche~h:l~,-r",<-ooueno.or"'·hldootr..-•
dutlon for only """ <~ so_-.-~-r-•1 ,.-orJ<_; U.,...:rilll"d in the tU'- fo.- .,:umpk, the
<t.:H.,,...,nlth:&t•D-•ntcknt:w!llt'ba.•ic!;t'<W•r'•YfOUndlnwor\(SI>)'AUI(Il'
unc,Oro!Jus.l,~ofs,.,,;u .. _andHonooiu•riAulun"(lO)~<fol!o-...._-dhy~
nO!~··;unllonly~•-.,l)'londyll<>norius(41)n7l;lho....,o,.,onnpr<t>llyb'Jl('
numho.--rof<.b."'rq-.;uldl..,oflhi!l kind In dlt' fiN ch~p!~r. s...-.-~.-.l<'f"fUl""< irKJJ.
cue • o;uperlki:.ol l<n<:m~ of mt"dilv.d lntdlo.-au~l h&.-.101)', for ~-umj>l<-, In
~ "nglt- P"''~~~'"- dt., Lli>f>r Rnrldus (a m:mu~Uip! mrnpil:otlorl) h wrongly
<lt_...._riiM.V"-'"""ncy<lopt...W.ondthoc/'b~iaofWilhornofr.onct"'';,
<itc·d in plan· of Ius Dmgma/lcrm(2Q). The n:uun: of the """f< In th•· di.""-' ..
'iionolmt"di<....,.l ....:l<'fll.' eontl!)lii)oo;ophyo;u!Q!t'Sl,•ncx"'-"'' '""'di:lnC<!un
'"':ondli)'SOUrcei,prol>:~hlyl'anllontll.c('.off_"imilar-..-..:~Uie;."'-"'"l'flC'I-'In
th.o:u...,offTIO<Io;m!ht-or<"I"-':&I'~<Ktr<:c,adisru.siOnofOam<··sl''='nctln
dude...; • l'l<lle dhnll fknri t..-f.-b>·re ond l.}.wid lbrw)· wuhoul ony indk-:ltion
ofhowthcirwor\ti,n:k:•.-~11110 l>;lntc'< JX>l"tl'y(or.-.·c-nony Jl'l!l"flllmbt."N
IBnlll. A n.fcrt.'t'IC<' 10 o..nediO
"lni>I!JII>11' l.•kl rommunlty· 17)
NJdc""""·'
•l><lb<:tra)·;oceruin..,pNfkiaLtylnScl'll~.<rL..,..,.n::h.::>.<<.loe.an.otc
dung·~•-;ak_/.,Ofb<orlfirrill•.-'ndll:l.hhal•id. 'flx,J,owllcmc{r:.. llllrt>"
CHnl7). In ..... m.thil< 1, on un.-.·en hook. some t·h.apt"" lmuJlldcndy ..._...
..._..n:h<:J, O!h"" in•igluful(thouwh n•print..-d) 'l'hrnugiiOUt.Schlklgt:n'snu-
'-'fllandlucid")'lcis•pln.•u..-lo~~d
tJnivcr"tyolToronto
Pfletty, hll<:fwwl!, mod tht!
cr~"·furd
\~>rrmcu/"r/.muisc<'/JI!,
/700---JHJO 1\y Ka<:hd
Caonbnd!!" Camhndl(" Ill'. 2002 ~iii ..1!8 r:•sc' $110.00
r•dic':&llyin En)l:landdurif'll!,tbe Ion!!
t'lghl"""'lh ccn!UI)'---<1 dlaO!!" th:&l i> ~pp~renlln th'C shift frum •••lulng 0J""fl·
Way,oflhinking~bool <poi<'<'lh~ngffi
""'-'~nd,p;oc!<ru'lllt.'"-''"'"'"'"'!'-~"'an<l<"OnllM1ocnt.frornth.-hound
''--''-' ,-;..,._-, d!Jnd"-'>f't' gard.:niflll to~"' bo<m<k~llo.ll"""n gor<k-n. from corn·
mon wo:o.ng b.nd:lt<> ~'" lfl<-'"'"'"1'1 rndo..urc t'OU<1..-..l hy 1'arii:unem, from
fn._~,.,~nJ;.lcng!I>Yit'-"'-"l.."f'OClr)'IOihe-hoo-t..,-l)'ri<:Jndrom;onlic""""'
poo:m. ~ ·~"'-" Rxhd C.rawfon.ltn dll< hi~hly inl:l)!lfl~li•·e and ""''~'-'oi•·dy
n:-....-on:h..-d "udy <>l ch.anwng a~utt>do:<.ln poo:uy. b.R<bcaf"" tprdcnon~. agri·
ru!IU.-.1 n:fonn, ondU<!I)', andO!ht'1''ph~...,, The •!'f"'"~lond lhct-h<>!lnlS!cof
th;s,.i<k.~r:~IIJ(ing'ludyal'elnW.Ini"Cnh"-11'1i,...r)'hn.....tth,asC.-. ..fordii>Ol't~
dt-ftly>nl<>ngth.o:<o.·•·ark>u~a ....J><>fthou!Vuandoru•ir,--.nplorinKtbediiJ<.-r""l"':&}~'""·tuch'Jl'l'-'-'"~<'""""lmJ><>nan<-.,,c..,."·fordsay.•'h"dr."'-sht'f
h1.,pir.. tlon from Colcrld!!•<• RO!d'l<>ob, ~-spt'<.i:!Uy from ht~ "-'"''"'"'-)' '"to draw
aiM-n tl>ing. 1<.>g<.~lk.-r In rt"lwplng momomc< of 'urp<iw. w~. ar.d affc'<.tion'
(J<l)ll<'fO~!Ol]x,('tll!u"'Jh"lOI)'olth<'~"t~hl<."<'ff<h<'COIU<)'~ItlUhtC'<
Gok:ridl(<•inlhisway~ndl>t>ndl,.frnmll
Cnuc:>l uu"""" ln Llnd:.<"f"' f'O<'ll'Y, goinl( hotk to ll1
John""' . ..._,
<:xpan<ledgre:nlylnn:<.~de•;...Je.>..,..,._'Ofllpa"'"'!ll'"htK<II.'O<Ulan<lru
t~nd....uc==s.Ct:o ..1ordbuikkonlw!rf"\"l<•;>.-,,-..or-lb}mon<.l ~-~
Sw~r1
Curr.on, di!Tonl Si.klll<l. and nun)· uho,..,........nd focu'''' on hocrparticu
lntl••""ofthech:"'K'"II~~rt11.1liz.:nionof-.P"t..,.ah•ghl)al.-.<nt1b.o;u~
"hi<.h ,.he )lroundl< th<>nli!Jihly In th~ detail' of aw:<ri.1n tnct.<, ll'm:k'flinlj
tn:u•u•l>. rocm,,and. ···ri~1yof<>lh.,.prlmarylkx·otn<!nl'
£ndosu"' of ;tgrl<."ultur.>l l:lrni' "'''"'-"'as the "'""' ~rnhkm of the d~an11
lnJI>"i..-..·stm>.·ani-.'1"'<""- \IO>!ofEnglarnhfl<"klslu<l•l"""lyhrtnmcloo.....J
ht:fnn•theeighteentlt<l.,tU<y.afCr.>..,·fortlpoont>outl·to;....tll),lncmosing
J>n•~•~ 091"nn5hJI' and ,.,.,..inS~~ brnlo, for itJ'l.tlfiJI and J>bntinJI
a•aibllk toW ..,..·erda........... '""'~- tht"<>J><.-n·foekl.•}""""' tuntim.l<'d
'"""~'<'""'"' 'anokkr. "mpk·r ~~ndocrupi<...J hy • ·hold f"'2-"'"''l' .. Clll
..oW•"'"'""- l'a<li.liTk'fll<'fU<'tt."llmclosu"' in tl><' )'t'ar:< lolloMnJ! 17()0, •
11"'-""tdct,.,_., • .._l>t.1w<..,nlh<"""'•ntlngtol>oidnntoal"''"·'"''OidEnK
lantl•nd mo,., """1•.-.~•ro....J •l't't>!t"'''iw, "';il••mfk, Jntlt><n<luctive a~ri­
<111tur.ll"'form.Tbe•l')llml<"nt•ll•tn.""""k"'""'t.bo:,tknownt<><i>ythrooJ!h
011\~rGoklsmith's•o._.,.,,n[ \'Ubge.· "'h<.-r~th..,poeas:;mt.ryof.",..._, Auburn
l<dt-privt."llofil<mL-a•••ol•uh-•SiencehyaJU<••••h•nddchol•"·ht'tlarisloc·
r'")'. f\"l'n though Gukbnuth auacb !he •hu.,..· of "ndo<Urt'. "'M t'l>da;ure
"'''""'· Cn,.fon:l~h<•w,hu"·thocfiO<'>'I'IC211lCtol>t.-u...-dtoarou-..·upposilion
<uparlwn.:nt:uyen~k)o.urel·tll-HI."'ttkh"'"-'hlam<....Jf<><•hostolill,_ "\;ol
"'pporllllgon.. ,;<),:,or tho: oth~-r. \n,.fon:l is im"""">l~'litn th<" <lufnnll<"flL"~
molo:>tnnl<"OI'It:linmomt.;~.ndthcdt>OO<I""-""IOWhi<.hn)l;l'""r1"-"
Con'esfl0<1<Un)lt<ltMaKr1<"\dtur.d,hllti.o;thed!AnWt'ln[>rin<iplt.-,of
l•r><i-ape g:ordcnin11 "' •u~ntion wa• n~!lrt.'<.1c'tl from th" unl><~•mk.'ll pros1"-~l of t~ great c>L~w tu the endO<O<!<l <t>•~" of th<: kitchen g;tr<~·n, • ch>nge
th.11 (:.-.wford tr•= thf'OO[Ih trt•onise< hy Stc1>hcn ~w•t~er. Thonus fain:Md.
llumt>h")" Repton.J.C. l.o<.><k."'l. •nd oci>n's. ~l><' tht·n d"'"" • Jl:lr.!lll'l [',.,..
,,..,,,..,thc>h•ftfromthet'l<j>;l.n'l•·••formof&t'O'l(icl"'<-11f."·'ddyfa,-uu,....Jkn
th!:t-:>rOC..- p>nolthedttht~..,Nh <:entury,tothecunutl'lt"dfonnolthelyn.-
tlutl>t.'<3Jnef"""lomllun1b)·lhco'f>llofthen,tury.andtllt''Ofllldformth21
""' re•w<'<l at <hat umc (;[ul"~"'"")ohn l'hilil". 0..s.-rft"'81and Rldunl
J•w>''EIW'-11!/I(l"'6~1,h091·00..·th<""'ll'"-"lli<:JI<><'nlirepn"''"tthocd:ung·
ln)lthlnkingahoutl•n<N"flt'.alt"rulru"'.-'ndindu\ll)"-<lnO\'-'F.Ill'hiftfrom
l"XJI:ln,iont""""ni'tl"'wntN<IIonth:lll>t.'-u'""' f"nd;~ntentalwRomanti<
thO\J)Ihl, annrdlng W CrJwft>rd <,)1~ u."<'S ""Thl> l.itn<!-Trt'<:' Bower, My !'ri>on"
and ·Num fr..-t not .11 thdr C<IIW~nt'• narrow"'"""." along with a dol:t'fl
other
[>O<.~n'
hl Cnlt>riJjll.'. \l;bnl-.,.·onh.
~'-""L'.
and
fk~'"'"'-
to ~xmtplifythe
wn~~ntr.nion. ln<t:n.-.it)·. and lmme<.!Uey uf -.u,·h H>IUJuuncm. 'iuhl;onlt)""""'
ari .....,notfrom<h'IUI"I<''... u"bt'yondmml""ht'miOn"-•intlll'l'ft."'·iou<an-
turyhutfromconfh><...J,ru<"'tha'Oflt'll"l'lrn:>llill>tl\~l}'l>~'rtl<,.lly)to~
n-altheinflnite ~k:t:r-J<kt,>L«>""I'iorc;thc:o.-..--uuonof""'<.Wi'y•itll
lyn<f"".'.<y ....lththel"'""'r.and""ith~...J'fl"<-e-.lnsenenJ
Th" book n:fl..,.~n<l enenu- <'llrlk"<Siudlc:o olpot'tl'l ~n<l tht: l~n<.l
"-"P"' '" thoe eight<....uh and ....arty nin<~<..-nth n-nturl<:!<. r:ai."nllthr apprw.d>
t<>atheon:llolk"ol:lc~~'ll"'·nhtlk:~pl'<l..-.nolojo•of<p;>c'<'.ltalsollfl....,·nt.s
'omo: d~:< llo•ngc•., 10 t~>n....,ntk>nal char.~tl~rl7Atlon oltht: pt:riuo.J. nolably in Its
al)(llm..nt ~I ><JUt tlk: pn:...-mlncn<"~ d m:mnl"f, .<urf.1u·. •nd aruflo..-e in Roman
uo:P'J'"II)',><>th.u"an'>lltndstnforruturt:-foran~ ... luthpl;tc<.,.•rt
hi)!ll<-rlnd"-">Y"<"'Illofnh><"Sthannature.blh.,h•llm>rl<of<'O!Ifinedform'
(l&ll. i}e:<pltt: tho: l."()l.lntcr vlo:w th:ot ~n $bould be5uhortllll.lt<-<l U> """"''-"·
and llUMl"fiOIII:IIIt"f(a> ln~' l:lqmp/>la/JI..... rta\l\').Cr:o"'fonJ
arguothat·artJfM....-..,.,"Uitsfromanapproprtationofnaru,..,.<oprofOI.Indlh>t
nature1M.'<'<>mes•n·(18S)
Sorn.,.i<TI<">Cr""fonJ..._.... ""''o"n:t.:hh..,arulogie<lt<X>f>r.btll<...,.,.,
U...-nthecunlll"Cban'a"'uouaU)·.,duLir.~ung.oiT<'<ingpos."l•~•""'ol'"""'
full)· !ID~fl'"R tltt:llunkmR of th''"' 130)''"""''" rt ,.,.·ohed Into"""" compkJt
funm. Thl<hookpm•·i<Jl"Sa<H"" ''h oflnfoflli3Uortandotl<:<'o> tht:oryci
~r-o.ullzauunt/l;><dr~""'ogtt]M."tliler.lt)'.alllio.VItunl.horuculturai.<"(;Oo
nomi<.lql11.pobOO.I.'I<i<.-nufK'.moral.andphiknopltin.ln."::ilt1>of<lL<ocWr..c.
-lxii•Lilghowth<-y lntt."t"a<.1,.11h0l"l<.·•nothl"fillt:lj.lht""nth and earl)' nll'l<.~
lttnth·o:t:ntury<"Uitl!ft"
John"l~-n
f'btl0/110(>byma11meof1eiT'(,-,f)la/tf!r-ullb}ti'"Rf"tllflbernuurmd
}<«:quefif)c•rritlfl llyGio•·annlllormdn<i Chi~a11o. UciChkogol'.l003
x<i. 20!1 pa);~S. S2~00
Ontht·tngicnl<....,illi!OfSt-pt<'mhcrll,lOOl
th~JtJthotofthi,li<>Ok.Va<.'or
Collc"Jil·A.''"""ia"-"l'IQ{cssoroll'hll""'>r>hY<.i~·"n""'llotrAdnrl.w~>rlftyhk:d..>
fromthl."unfoldi"JJdi.'<aSI.<"faltheWorklTndt:C.o:nlt"f."'-1"'"'"-<lfromho..,.
hush•nd.an''''''journali.<l"'·ho"'·aswwrlngthe<"\''""'·andhcrtl•oo<:h•ldt'l-n
wltow~l\"attc-rtdlnll'"'"{)()l. ll<"rshuo.·k!ngpro:.imlty tot),.,,·n-nt prompt.<
1\orr"«lo>rllo ••rit<" In t= 11\ln>duction. ~~~n~ l§llu: \101}" of a j>hilOl'IOj>hcr (n
a''""' of u•rmr. w,,. ...,.....,.. ot/11.~ Wl<)" it,, uniqud)· •••m.., into lh<" Life u( !M
rumuor"lx). 1t "~ ""'"''"" 10 <i.-fiw"""" ""'anin)l from ~le' '"""'• corn·
l,n,~l "'t!h • \lroog "'""'of phil<,.;)phkal ln! te>pc<1i0!1, th"t !liOII•· •tc-d
lkxrA<.lorilohrlnJit<>g<111<:rlnwcmlmr~tWOdlhclca<linJi>.OO<.'I.."Sin11'1<:,...
callo...JII'I()(IernNnpostmnUcrrusmdd ... t<.,.oftht•la>lqw.nt"fe<-ruutyJurw.-n
llabo.:mu' •ndJ~«JU<"' Do.:rnda. ll•l>t:mu' "~' •I home in ~anll>et')t, tier·
many on thr morning of S.CJ~•·ml><1" 11. ""tchln)l th<" Cl"clll• lf;Jnspiro: on
td...,-L....,., whik l.l<:ni<.b "•~ In Sh:mgliOii, China. gwinga ,,,m,,ofle..1ul't.'$
Rothagrt'<..Jtoapp."arSide-by-kinlhc.,...,..hoolc""pon<llnJiiO•«•n..-,
ufqu<""t<On,inpard!lclfa;hioniKII"I!houlactually<•n~gingin>f•.,.,·to-fatt"
W:a~el'belimirtj!~lhcpubll<.~uon<Lthi.••ruelleclualcx..holnlt'""""'ld
noi.O<nlrala """""~i!lOl molt1C1l! lnlheh.L<roryofiTlO<.Icrnuy Yt't."-'~ """''·
tJ"'hoolcL'lrnarrnlhya"'rlt_-,.Qfunfortut!lOIC<"<IIUnjl<"l"fff'lhJ!Wggc<la
pn'lhclhlci\L'lhlopuhlicalion Tho:h<.>mbing<.lf!'earl H>riiQ<H...,idloh.ave
oc•:um...:lln"1943"(~)).1l"'J"'l~"hlngdale<.lfllahcnn:.>f;miOI""""Y"'l<>­
Jcrniw An locomplele l'ro+<-·<:1" I' wwn a• l&!j (18~). •nd lhe dote of
ll~bcrllU>· an"fl"'I'ICe of1h<·A<.Ic>rno l'n.2~ for ohal """')' b J!i•·cn "' S..•ptocm
her ll, lOOl •only ~'-"..-o W.y. ;U1er !he ~!I:i~ks •JI"in>l 1hc World Tndoe
Ccnter ond !M l'entlgon • 08'11. l}espl!C me,;., olwiou• f•11U<>l errors the book
;, •n Important te::<t for au11mcn1rng our undeNundinj( of lh<" mutual
anl.III'KII'>fll.'th:lth.a<·et...'<.'fl<hn'<1t.'d~<lrd5WriuiJK"IIM>n'"''iihinW
modo.."mi""andJlO'llliOd<"mi.""<k-l•cuo
I\On;ldo•f•e:<pmen<.<:<KIS..'J"em""' 11 prompk'\JhlTIOr.>ise<;e!iOU> plu~hical quest1011' ai>OUI 1tw ru.ture o( onror and lcmxi'm' llas
da!o>i<.<ll lnwnuuonallawtx..:oo"':ol"'~~~~ in th~fa<-e oflh<'I\C" 'uhn>tion.:tl
dndCI'O>o>fldlionol!hrt!aL-.>Whoi'I"J''Cf<·ignm·crwhorn?l•ltU>efultocvalu
•le 11k>l~oUution thf'OI.lgh the n<.>lh.>n> of rot;mopoUt.ml"n •nd wvrld t"lti>L~try?
l•ohcpolitkalondphllo"'l'hk•lnotlonofdio!Jogue,"'m"-'ialtoewrydiplomo.lil.. >lr.II<'F.I. a unl\·er<.>J 1111~ of rommuni«<tlon? 0. ], W.loj(ue a rultur·
ally"f'l"<lfkpr;w;:tice,,.hlthmol!hl~meobe..,nt~Y'"""""""te>And
flll.llly_uflder,.tJatrondiUOn.'''W..~e~f""sil*OjJOOn?\hei'O"""the.e
and odter
~k"""n<.lt-d
que.tiOrl> to
H~l""""'-"
and Demdt In t"'<> ...,..,...,
Aftcrlbndin!m<loc-
iniC'O'IC'to~hnkedhyl"xtl"fl"'·c<'UI'IUTICnQ<Yh)·hcrw!f
«>n'""'
uon. the book l< .~,-w.,.t Into t"''O p:;tn> l'~n On..
of a d.i:t~ "'"h
jOrg<:n llaberma.< follvw~-tl by an a~)· b).• Ilom>.t~><l <'11tnk'() ·Jt.:con.<lruCting
Termrt.<m-llatx........_,_- then her dl.:l loguc ..,'idtJ•nlu~., flo:f'Tida follow·~'() hy
hcr~n>l)11aol
essay "Dt:t:un.'<lru('\Jn~ Tl"rf'O!'i<m-D<:ITlda · 11"' rontrast of • ..,..
UKI.'<Iru<l•n~lerrorbm""ith"<k.•um>lru<1ingoerrorism"lc:l."''llwn"adt-r"ith
""'n."'ih;tl,fort!,.,fiNU!ll<.",l••c-.h:illht•privilegedto~fl._"l'}'cXdl:illi("OVn
the 1\.lture of
•-=· and it> n-bt><>n..h.ip
to
modernity.
Aft~'l
all. in his
flrnotJ~I9!1l """")·-MO<k."ffiii)~Min.;ocnplete""*""'"lbhcrrn,a_,p;lloricd
Oefrida forh.L•"irn'<.<>n<ibblelnu-modo..'IJ'Ii.<.rn' antlforlx-in~a<Qfll<"tttjl<'>r.iry
""'"'-~-...-n-.1"-''"'-ho;.clute•"'-~cho."''luo·kthroul!h~t"hciFouc:>ult
anJ~ ~taille ~x:h.'<ll"'(I"<!Ch.ar.lcteriz.atlon•h•"<·alll<."th<:
h.allnurll:of
•""""'of~b·cbll>yn"f'<l"""<'Utl•'e:'lofthcrr•Kicmi.'<l~
n,·.otry l<m<~r<b one anuthcr In lite l"l)lltU"" and nitlc!Jc, Mc•.o<l~" o!,.,ref.,..,
'hvui<.Jbe'urpri'<'dhydl<' nt.lnm,-lnwhlchBorr.l.(\orlcli!TU"'''heanl#ijOnc\nl by tJO>mg oh..Jr ~onfrom•llon n<>1 thmugh "ach Olh<:r hu1 thmu!Vt ohe;r
n•·alln!"'llr<-'tJ.ll<>n' o( \\•lt~-r U..•n]>nlin Thu' Romodori st~!l'"> • mt.-eung rJ
tberrund.tlutdis:ahlt""tht·,.,.rli<"rpolmU<:>Jf>O'Iti<>n.•t~ l><.>!hutnp'l"''hilt
potnllngt<>"-anh"""" ' '"'tll'l'l(""'but"'lin!Mappm><htnl<'m.wand-·~
lnthcafre1'111.1thofSc.1K<'II•lt'lll
"-'" rnultoftho.....,dulojcucs. oh•iou<ly'i!.l!~<-"<1 .. llhtn • "'~ll<..,ly
'hon pn>nd of time aflcr ~JMCmlll"r ll, liomldori dNrl) ""''I~" ihl" 110laril.allon of 1h...., philosoph~..,. Jmo Enll)lhtenmem onJ wun\<'r·l'.nllghim-
......,, c,unf>'l<.>l"'~ rt:d lh.'11it1J! Mon:~p<"<'ifoaollj-. lhto d,.hllt"'OR'fmodt:m
lsm~ndp<»>m<.><kfrn"<<linthel')9(Ksk._...~lhto"->l;uK>n-hipoflhc.-.rpoo.t
tion.• to ono;• ~n<~ht'f bt.u n001·. a1in d1t: rnum:a ofSo.>po:emh..'f 11. th..,.. po:si
uon.<canht•n..-._.-~l<_'tltobco~tlt..:lno•.-"-'''H'flhoughtt>cftlft.'"c:>n.•cannot
hut be pcrsu,otlo:,J,- llorr:.<.lon ~'W'""- "'"' H~"""""'' ~otiiA..ntb
"'""'an
all.-giaoct'tO!hcl:oh!lht""rnt"ffl'll6).1'olruinj~IO'Oo':loi<<heir.J~;~n.'tltoht-rlt
a .... -~of!Un!andth..-Enhllhtt'fl......,llr.Hlitlon,Bomu'tlorinore<lh:uthl.•~~r~n.
·fori"Jot-mtl;a;~>Jitlo.:<forll.lht•nn:l',thoutheEnllllhl<'llmt:ntl<nordo.':ld'{l#l)
H<w.t•wr, lhc m..tc-tl phil<Joo<>j>hk:d l>t'fil:lge W2.< ~I'll'"""' Y""l'l bdurt.' d1c
lkstru~rlon u( the World l"r.l<k frnl<" •nd H•benno» hlm'\Cif trkd 10 rt•nu•t
th~ inl<'ilt•('(ua i i<Wl<)' ofM ichel Foo.Kaultto • mor~ Enllyhtl'mtk:nt-lril'ndly
'pin folluwinlj J'ooc·~ult'' <lt-:ith in the mkl-15'80>-. l'lnl!!, "'l!Julthlnk Burr~rdori
'' ron•tntinll ~' the ''"'"IIth of this book-tk hrlnslng Into t'OI1>UU<1i,-~
<halojru~ofli>.'O!oUChpn'\'lo\I,JyOJ>Il'O"'-'tlri\'Ol'o-hUJUnutt•lyJdi"'-JII'Ulnt
""'"' for the H'l)' rea'><ln """' the t':IU for a .._.....,,.-,.<[ commlunem to En~11h•
"""''.onlt'1i!l<;~hryblh<hortolttwrntic:II,.,Lf-<-'Uil\loa11<lnn'QU•"--d
Forlh"=<oOIIIthinktkUtht•criti<':l.~tytlutBon-:lnlot1"'<"'''''kin&
ini~Uljlri/lt-r"""'""fe<l""'-"--.lOho..'fqu<"tion.<b)·JIA"-"""''0ntll>ern<b
""OUkl
bcol~l"t .....-.·ed h)· indudmg ~ philooophil-.1 pt.,...p«ti'o, on
tl""<.'<juo;'oi>Un'th~ttbd,.,.,. odhcretoth<:"'""' Kllnli~n Enbghl<_'fll"'-'111 k-pcy
~or cnmplc. in t.ht: hook Omltll#tr<:J'. 11•'1l''""'"~'- l''llu•rst<llly Cv.•lempomiJ· /Mklf?•..-s 0t1 1/H Ujl ClOOOI, 1~ outhors J ... b~h llutlcr. t:m.."'lo l:ld:ou
ond !'.bn.>j llu•k sag<: ~ mu,-h mort: :orgumt.-nUUH.' ond nn'ltng cxd»nl(t'
tlmfonun;,otdfJ)U'(;etit'<lt.ht:J"'IIca>l<><·ercri!lotldri>:~l<'lollowifl!IS<:pt.:m
l1t:r !! M ~i«!k oh<er.·.._.,., n.:rrkb ond llabenn:>' """'" bo!h ·probably
ad<>p! th<: '"""' k>ft-of<<~llt<:r llht""l <k"'TKXrn~c 'i-lann· In pm~1k• l political
dc«;i>l<>n'' (ll7). Wh.ulf." 7~I..,k ._,k,hyw•yolcomr.N. "th<·rt: l< •nackncw.k't.ll!<'dproxlmity"'""'-·•·•:ntltem?An<lwhot!ftht'!<l'""KI•I·I,pred.-.,Jy
to bn:J~ "uh the,....,..," of ,ru,,._'tl pn:mj....,._,.. (_'\26)
l'rommy I''''"Jit'<ll,·,.thi•bt.ht: !IlOICch:dl<'n)\lnltOndfufll..bmt'llLOI
<J•"-"'.ion fa<ing t.ht: Left «•!.)·- On..· can onl~- t.op., 1t..t rbco >UIJlll!l <:/ • ,.,..
"""-li-.-,<J.i>logu<'o-·<:rthi•<t"'-"'ion31somei>Oinolnlh<;n..,.rfutun:-.illht'!p
ha"' "'-""'
tU"-'animllerhedd"'t'-.,.""d"'lcfiondencounJI'.'lh<:~r:anlt<'<:i
di.-.n""'"ln IX'"'"hk 0\'ff tht· kl(X)' <:/ r.brx_ turu. •r>tJ tkl(t~ ~ntl !he fol<' d
modo.·nutylntkUrnn<oiPbliot<q>h,·inaTf,....ofT•"'r"'''''llpl:tyonLOll)'
unporumrole
TalritiJI 011 tbt' TnuluiOn }«"fi'PS INTnd"
~"'""'" B)·M~~:h:t.el'\;u>
S219~
t;S
a~t<lllw
fRRa<·""'
of /Joco 11
Stanfonl.Stanfonll'1',200j.ux,2llp:.ge:s
p~pcr.
In h" T<lkr•...: 011 tbt' T=litlun· }aafun /kTrldtt tmd lbt' 1-'!f<'llre< tf/JK(JII<In<CilOtl, Mkh~el 'l>a,, a n lmport:ont Americ>n traruLator <~ llt:mdl.; '"><k
inluF.nglll;h.f<.><.v"""hl'"-'li"'ofL"'-"'roonhuwlkrri<kan<.lt'«>n'>lnl<1lon
aPIIfU><hesthci'"Jb"""-ulbr;ngin<"lltnnblylluundtoatr.u.lttlonahi<hit
muSI """' The lttk--, notoon of ·ukon~ on· t),., t111<1.iti0cl in,·oh·e< ll<~h a
po;sluw ~mbrodn~ of tlu> "'"'"''ltY ami n.,_,ll,~ r~pudi~tiun of ll• gown
assumptions
r<o=.a<.tud.-nt<mdfn.,ndoll><:md.>.•pproa<::he<l.l<:rnd:l<rootOri
ou.'fy dtiTkuh a'Ofk with the ~~~"'f)' '\C!\S!U\!l)" 00<' "ould ~X!)<:<-~ ol • lr:ln'
!:.nor whv ha.< .<tntl!!!bl '''ith d"' impo:>SSihl" •~'k oftr~n,fc..-rirlj; Derri<llt'>
rn<llr-• t>l~p> on won:i. •ntl inlntni<Ul allus.ion.' Into a fort: OWl longu~. ~""~
fOC\L...,..hlstl<lt""""I'"""""'"IM:tall•dJ<"·t"-..-form.ou•·•ty"olDl'm<b's
wridn~--d~e in'<'p;~rability uf the litt·r~ry form ~ml th.- <"Ontc•m ul .-Jdt of
J)erri<11''<""'f'-"'hkhMclntumlnunl.ltdyt'Ofln<"''"'lwlthllwlit.-r•ryfurm
antlrontt'fltofth.:t<'>.lllemd:iL•<h"OibiiU<tintt.A.•~tu"mpl)'<"l;tlu­
•ungthctn•tholD•mida·,argumt"tl~•nd•-htm>,.'\n'"""'""lf'-ru'"<"lyd.n
tht:onl)· ""Ytogr.>~p<hcCO<ll<!tnoll)o:trlda"''-"O!nmenury upuntlt.,tr:odltton
l< throojlh t:ardul ~tt~ntiOn to it• lti<""'Y form •ntl r'""-or!o.al >l)'lc, ~ point
'""tr:oltu p.,nj(b< ...,.,. opproa<:h hut <oooftt-n r•cglan~l !>)' hiso ..·n \VO>mentaton<.'I:OI.ll<·finerntt!rpn:ution''''''""'lll"''"'"-"''"'"'"'"'hth.-di.•par:ttc
thrt:o.L, tn a Do.:rntb """Y ttt;Oyappc•r h:<ph3ZJnl!y """""'1~<~1. c•ch ,.-,><X is
as mt_'flt:ulous.ly cr.oftt"tla•tho: d>-.'>i<~ltcxt~),., tlo."'un<-t!UCl'
Thcflf'll'<"<1ionol'\"n'bool<fO<-"U"'-"'uponn.md;J·,Tt."<'t'f"';unof
tJ.... Gr<-.·X ongtn.< nf tl1<" lr:l<btinn, •jlt'OfoUy. l'loU>. Alhtotlc. anti Homer
Th.,.;c ""'"I-,; •rt' l>;~rtkularly hcll>ful for undt:"i,lndin~ m>n)· of tit~ (<•ntt:tl
tht:mt-,olDm'!tl.o'wori<.stJ<ha,,peec~~_"""b'*and"·ntl~!ho:"""-1Unl
tn<Jrl...-muuryundt-rl)-inllthra<biu-:.nn._...sofc-.-...f)·de<i.'<i<>nanddeto_-nnina
tion, antl thou~ht' '"'-""-"l"hleOCpt:n<l<"rtC<' on m~t:tph<:>r. lhcseront! ,....,.
til\n focu,., "I""' IX'1"rldi'' rn:~ption of ,.,,~mlt1h-c.-mury Ft..nch lmd~­
TUalthooghtO....ptt·rs·lant!6olfc'fcxt"'mdyiM:Ip(ul.ln•ll'<''oi"ll.ltlmplid~y ll"id.-. ant!'"""'"',_' O.·rri<Ja·•
tn:•tmo:n" ol MK-hel f(IO.ICiub:
and l~mnanucl Lt·•·;nas '""P<.'>-1;WI)'- """' tn-.tmcnt of flt:roda·, lntcrpn:u.-
•·•noo."
tionofrrc-u<!'.,,·on•-~Nontotelq>:llh)'a·dlho:l\oonJto<"•l~•wfordl"""'"'bo
h.:t.-.. notfully....,Y.,.o,:t.lDo:rrld>\pbytulqyk·.nn:ocrountofltsadoplinnol
thrt.-1<1"11"'- ,,.....ofo._'ftl<b-<0<0\n ~~·~·.-on l'n._~ttl Y<'fat
hn"'b i<
J><:rh~t" tht: '-"'-'-'Y in "hi<h "••• ""-"' n~.rly "l'l"""ch<-o l"'in~ SU\1(\tt,..Hy
C<J<!.l<-tt·ntv.·ilhju.'-lhowr.odJ<'al<k'CUII<-InKiiontiJim'tol"' Tht:dtfft'f'-''""'
h.-1,.~.._11 form ~nd ront<'fiL intt'fiUOOUI •ntl a<ci<lcnt:t.l. .-~lt·m.:d 'iOilnd .u>d
intenlitl....._..rungawth"'IIO<•.-.d,andlh<•<""""Yl•a<-..unltniiiY''<'f}•<l.iffo<:Uk\0
m.,,..""'
follov.-·.A,,uch,itl't"•thap:<rtiO"tnolyperf<>rnl.1ttvcdlt'""'"ra<l.i<-;o.lnlet:t-
phpic<.andtht"pruvi<k.,;anocm>ionfor~n"'"'luationof<k:<on'tnJUion
a pan. fmm th~ >]>p:m:ntly repn:o.siw stnocture< of r;ttionality ha nd~-cl down to
"·' hy <he <radnion. In the thlnl S<."C1ion, 'laas """-L"' from CXc"gc"Sis to an
expkmtionofthcfururepossibiliti"'opcnc-JupbyDcrrida'sthooght,!hroogh
hi.•ownintcrpre<alionoffrientlshipinHomc'l"'s!liadandhospilatityin~ri­
~an
inunigration policy
A.sisperha!"'finln)!forar><:"'f"-.._"ti\'CWhichseekstoun<!.,!mincthc
unityofth.-tx>ok,T<lkit~X<mlbeTmd<licmisadi.,parate<'()ll..._-tionoft:"''")''
•••Titten at diiTer.-m limes, tndifferentc-ontext,,, r.-lat.,.J vcry l<>OM:l)'by the
th~""' of Dt:rridi's R..:.-plion of the tr.uliti<>n. n.~ lack of~ t!ghdy wown
mmmon thread Uniting the •·ark>us "'-"'Y' i• :tl'<l a side-dfcrt of N~as· owr·
arching thesis about how o"" sh<Mtkl read Dcrrida. since Naos daims that
O.,nidahasnogeneralthoory,l>u<•<k>pt•apartlrularapproa<ehandstylc
ilictatcdhytheinternallogicofh"'"l>jt.<-"t<ll:lrter_ DespiteOenida·svi;:<>m<t>
OCmandforattenriontothermti<-uhnt)·ofe.!chcontext.lheree~rg..,.throul(h
l'aas' acellent ""<lie<~ pal!~m "hich n:t;eols the .<lightly fmmu loic dtarAc
terofl).>rr!d>·,wnting,as."dlasanontologyun<.locrlyinghL<variou.s.sct:pl.i·
cal tr~atmen" ofth~ lr.!dition. Acror<lin~ to thi' implidr Dcnidc·~n ontology,
U!><k-rlylnR etl~-rything Is > primonlia!, indt'tt:mtiMtc anti-substance which
<.~ocr.L..; the I~"· of non-<Xlfltr><lktlon Y"' which i< the source prior to an det~r­
min"'" oppositions. thus gu~rant~'<'in~ d<at ~ny <k--knnin>te pu<ltlon wlll be
<>ne-sidedandre<luctiw,or.mDt:rri<.laandl'aos'language,viol"nta!><lun
juM. I'O!Uithstanding rh~ ln<.l"'cmtin..t~ openness to~n unf"""""""hl.- f"tu"'
preacht'<l hy decQn.,tru~,«m, Naa> ina<.J,enently brings out how Ot:rrlda<
n:s.ponse to a partku!ar theme or tnr Is oftt•n rdati,·ely prt"<ik~ab l ~
Although und.,ni>l>l)' valu~blc as a gui<.loc to the !itt'r&f)' ridtnL"I.< of
Dt:rrida·,wntinl(, TaldriJIO!IIbeTmdiliOI>f>lls s.hon in a fcw •n..-a< . :-!>as
anful!yunro\'ers the correspondo.•n<·e \"''"'..:" "YI~ ond content in llenida's
l''-"'Y'· l~tt lea\·e:s unexplaltl<"d th~ plul<>sophical Import and nec""'HY of
thc,.;com..,;pondenre«heyon<lthcird<·>·cmL..,,andaesthe!keff.a. Further,
alliuxJghnl:ln}'pas..""g"'inN•as. hookan:admlt".tbk•forthdrcl.,.r•ndludd
"xplanationofdifficultt.,xts.,Saa' ownwritingoftent-cl>oesOerri<la.-<nyptk s.tylc. Though h.- freq<wntl)· cmulatt-s th~ opacity of Dt•rrid(s writin~,
:-;aas oc..,; no1 ;wn~ro ll )· •J>j>ly \\hat h.- l<knttf1e' as the <lou l>lc o.<ped of
Dt:<rld~~n d<'OO<l-"rurtion to Dcrrida's texts th<'11l-'<'1H"' ('l~a'' ~rJ!Unll'nt for
the stroctur.>l <Wn''f>Ol\dcncc between Derrk!a·s ~ppn>a<·h to r~~ding text<
and hb ~pproad1 to ethics L< one of the fin~" t•xampiC-'- uf tottdul lnterpreta·
tlon in tht: IK>Ok). The first a<f""C' ofthi' tk><Jhk: relding i.< a traditional,
hL"on<.,.ll)'mntextual,ondrationallyrl!lm<><J>readinMWhi<hattemptstocaplure the authorial in t.-nti<>n in the t<:XL TI>~ S<..:ond, <itlcon""'"'l'·e "-'f><"-"t
_-;,_..:ks to unt·owr th~ ""'fK>k~n pR-,.upposition in th~ t~" whkh simu!t.:ont~
ously~_troombltsiO)!kwhi!ccxaplngand<"'cnurninl(ll . '<>a.< show:< how
!)errida aitil.,.ll)' oncm-c,-, thi.< tcns.ion ewn in "'-Kh author-:- O.< B!Jnchol.
u_..,.;nas, and Fou<:anlt wlrh \\horn he most d""'l)' id~ntifk, hodt J"-'fSO!\OJl)·
and phiJw.ophi<::<ll)'. NaaS ownappm•Kh isalmo,.tpun:l)' rt.'Vl'ft.'fltial. ond
wht lc· rrnid<m of an au1hor •h01<kl n<>t bo.•1n.. '"'"'L.rd of J'hiloM>phit.ll
li)!our. ~ n!Oft" cli tk:.,J MJ.Ilt'l' "-"' '"' to l11.• Jt1li:IOdt'tl h)· !he Llot:rrit~·a n ,-hl<tl
!!ut 00<' do"'' ju>U<-'t: •nd f"l"}" tribute to on author by ·r..-malntn)! f~llhful to
onomb;.-ak."ff<.<'"'ilhinthuughtinsobr••it"'ilc<tsthe•tnlllt;tknceoftbtthinptht.'fltldw>
int:>ktngacrountolthealli>i>':lk'l><cr.nh<'fthonin
tl)'ill)II<H)<.-ercotno:,'"·ufy,Of1TU51<'<il"Ui9). , • ._,·an:olp>-•t~oouldbt-ndltt>,·
lot:alin)l lkfrid> mon• wtth<O lhe tra<.h~un ;~""If, r:uht-r thJ!I "'-""''"~ In he,
fl""i tt<mae<>mplt"lcJ>e"'J~lit'<'ltlat i••hktn«andoul.•iJ<:ofth eon~ 'iJ..-d
oppo<ilion<"•hkhhcuO<."U\"<'"'"'-"''-"')tum
1-<M"a hookool)<>l"'\<b,rd..>tiontotll<'lr:nlition_ \.u• '"''-'l'iadta
con>id<-r.>t•>n of t.o..· J)o:mdr,, """""on truth ..,u.._., to ··~rlit-r forrii> o1
SC<'pll<i..,inthephil""'1'h"·•ltr.>dition-'><<1>li<t.'«<Iisolmll,...,nolf<>f'<'<!ln
topl• li•"'-•J>hyhutobsc~lltdylntegralto it_ .1nd ••hile l>t'nitt<•"-<'-"Jl(ki,min
rd atk >n tn the phil<>1><~>hltal traditi on''""'"' c"Omp lt"IPt han nlOd<'m '<Yf'(i·
cl•m.I<<J\:I,.....mut·hlnn<nltl'IO<Iwilh•n<.l<:ntlnrn"of..._-._,>l><.i'm-":u'"""'-'
tut;>...Otnn\e[Wmd>inhi•"nil"bnt).buta<~lt'l...der.ltiuno(b.,ft'Ul.ontotlll"
ll'•tlition '"''""l"'adtl""'t""•l"~"'~onol hi• pia<" in !he h•"•lt')·ufphilo,o.
ph)· U.:.pllt' th~""" q,mpbtnL•. 1\ION t>ltik: '"'"')" in :\a~' IM~>k ""' to bt:
h>ghl)· f't;"(Vtnn~<:ndt."<l, l>o4h l<>•lu<k.,t.>at'l"'"''·ttingdn;on'-ln><lionforthc
fil'>ltilti<',Ond\O l>t'rnd;t.'<hoi• K w ho how'-ln>ggled tom.ok<.'"' '"-"'of""m.:
ofthetnO>IImportantwO!'k•lnhl<corpo,.
&'ot"'m_v rftlx: ['»1<<<1
flo'mdu>~ Sm>o t~ ldt'-'
cf hm,- >l'il/)
p,..,,Cd<m !.
ll)·
Annt: Car<Ofl 11rin<.xltlfl l'ni'\Cetortl'l'_ [<)')') 1~7 J"'~'''" S14'l'\ l'S
A>ul<•(::l"'-"'' F..tooronn-oftb<-t-,lust .. an un"-11lmg_ hrill,~nt. '<"<ydt'ffi:lntl
ing m<'tht•ttunon t h~ ·n•w<ta·" the<:>i"!!Y .. ((,) th:itlnfnr<n' wh•t the authur
att.,nlion tlw .lrt.,f""-•dn~"·h.lt
con•ld<'"'lh<' n><Nprnl(~md tt><><.kof[><~1i t
""h
is not tho:n.•. and not '<"1:il\gwh:tt ,,-p_\). C.""'" '1"~"
on in>iml~
"\ntt• un ~1..-tliod' in ,.-hkh -hc dt"'Til•" h<'f .,...-n ~,._,,.,'}, o/ po.<i<: "'-''-'"11
(~ntl no! "-"~lilt\._,~
"dt.<h<t111 b>t-k
""'l'""ho:refac~Jt.")'
l• «n:t•-"n and a ,.;ndnt>,-1.," ruumdt>.lft'd
~nd
forth
ht~..-,.._,
l!hel
d>rlo~ntnllland­
1~
,._.._.,,,u""B
I do not !too"·· (,-ij)_ ·on<~ dt·M._-d; <hc~nnt lnu"' . "tht· ronm ""'"" itsdf I
ropy down th<.: nome•oft'H"I}'lhlng ldtlnlt JnJn()(<' illl·or><1mly"(vil).8ut
wequkkl}•lt:;ttnth•tn;tminllbtn:lppmpn•l"!<>thi;•<'"<lll<'<kr>J.a<"'-'-"lm<"'
ob«tll)'")n/ot-.ondth:tt"'luti!i"'allyk-ftaftcr!hed..-o~nnlJat" "'ibDtiun•."
tht!oh.-r"n"'g"orUIJhltr:>tlt>ln.·n"<b"'IJ"""I>ihti<».,tbt')'-':lffi!Jll_l"..._....m..d
1•1 ~n·•t"' life" (?'i)
T"n<l!ll)ltlw"-' "'<.UI•l ,-,1 ,--.Hiom. n:-.';[(>rin~ tlti<~<"-"< tn >l>t: • b:sn-oct
they moult . !• tht: plinu ry •hn uf[>O<-' Ii t ,m.,nl!on COI'l<'t'l\'L'd
cl
th•t
lr.ln<forn~•l "l"'l i< lnnum<-rJhle >nd lw•U....J for ohli-.iod
""'"""1'
"'"" ">et
iruo ~ umck.-.., nuution l!xdsing aU th.>t;, no1 J(r.l<e" (1171. (;;."""' 'P<"•"UR.Jba..J'Jo:di)'OfJ'!Oo.'tiC.._..._~asimpli<-..talinl>QI<"rmorK)(l>of!lr.tee•od
s:ai\<Jllon.lhoujdl••.,mu;~n_~t""lt-mplaliont<>-...wl(ra<cb)·n;,minl(il
p<»iU•dy.._,.nln><.•ll-ntpn"'<'IKe.G""'"""I'I'<-""""'"'"R'""'n-lrlnt""t.lorklllu
11\in:monol <I'"'"''~~"'""'''""Uibat<s11(Jlg""'r;lt<•tlll'l''""lk'~"--.l.l'udo:lo.-n
""'-' ot •PP<"'""II <.h'"'I'I'''""'"'-"C. <he "guloltran- Ucflltn th~ nund· 1951 11)'"""-'"'-..1"'11 wh.ttlll.l)(hth.twlll"-'11'.., it>-:onc<JI<-.llllh'--'foro--~nlgbrcof
tru..-or a ctually the~::.~><:.· Hon<.>uriiiJI •he mo."'ll"'lbut in<.-..tim:.bJy
,.-tu•"'
fuUlt""'ln~t•ol)II".O<'-'"~o<win<.c.me."C:ItW<~Wrttc.,;,of••omcttting<-ssenti:ll
tohun"'nl.;o11ua~e.
~~<Cit-ltl<·c·
C.ll>Qn·,
do..-~
tothegiwand'"keofhe-loi(,IU what,_.,.,,.u,· (9Sl
poo.1k-,; ,.nlk..,•·our-; to ·r..-mlnd '" 1h~t hum.m nll·.onin~
th~t ·1,.-,lt l"nk~il akmw;kk:
no1 •1<111 with tlw ph)·•k:>-1 fa<'-'- 193), >lld
ihe"'<.>rldofthln)l'li-•lonun<.-,nn)·prot:o.>i~nfthinl!'hliNhk.•lthough no
le"' "-"•1
~-'ithout
I>Odry. t/1<.-..:lwuwurkb.would
n.~n.dn
ur«."'n<ci<:Klsof"""
aood1..-r"I'Wl
Of<'OIJ""-·.Ur;un;, ... .,u.,. . rcofourhclp"""d<·jll.'.'ndeOCl"on
f>O"'Ii<'U)"--O<IIIOlHI>andR.J~Sbothim."'l>lih~aodn<.-..-..-.... ry.,\c·
<«dul!d)'.-m.:.._""'lUl'lhr<"-"R.Jtllt"!itothe<·iJ:nuon,.ctm:db)·h..-rpot"lioc
d..-~""it l'·o of~- !Wli00"5
to p<><."b. one~...._.,._...,. ~nd ,,.,.. """Jt,m
..-r....-
~ofli.e<.>o>,al..ret•kpoo.1oftho.·flftht-.:Nuf)'.an<il'aulCd:•n.a
Rorn:l111.311)'-""'>.'h pot"\ of th .. ,...-..flli<:lh_ U,.,thlnl ""'""<lt.""l!"~l<.'>tl"--'1''-'''ti"
l'-"-hnkJu .. antl\1"'""of nt.woliun·a-·n<.-g:>u•il)·.· ..-hidl...,.._..,...,onc._.to
harm<>nl/-'--' and "-'J"'M~ the ~nck.-nt and tht" modo.--rn. ~lmoni<k-!i •nd Uc-lan
C.a"">nd..-fln<-.IIL1!"11>·•ty»tho.··rollu>otmoftl><:lm..,.__.man<i<h..:~bs<.'mon
the -..:rL't.'n of1h..- lmaglnauon· OOlJ, on ·anuncmcnt 10 the ln<·lo;ibi..L'O<H\l<:,..._wld thotiK-sl><:hlru.lthefactsaru.lin>!<lt·ilt.'l""i<·c'<.lappeo,-,.oc..-s·
(60). Slmonld~'< dicit< <hl< roumc·nr.-urkl !n hb 1'<.11t.'Jit'll u."-' of the 'duubl ~­
"'-"8"'"'"··
~ pot:tic!ropewhkht."Wblisht.'' uiml<sthroul(hculn<i<k·ntn<'IP
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Cal"'>un ""'urks tl1~t Simonido.-,.· "lJck of d,.,palr i> not<"Worthy· and
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ugl)'. hlameworth)', incommo:rumrJhl<· or null aru.l manifest
what l< wonh pr:ll<<• ( 121) for thC.' modern pot"\ l'aul V:bn, "·""""'-'parents
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of <leathhrin~l~ll tJik. 11 went tlrnRtJI!t ond 11-''<'
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al*to«tnl< had<t<t ll)!ltt ·cnn..'hcd' 1)\' ~oil In
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