www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk
Graphene@Manchester
GRAPHENE - Beyond the sticky tape
“The Route to commercialisation…” James Baker
Academic and Industry SIG Event – Cambridge.
1
Graphene superlatives

thinnest imaginable material

strongest material ever measured (theoretical limit)

stiffest known material (stiffer than diamond)

most stretchable crystal (up to 20% elastically)

record thermal conductivity (outperforming diamond)

highest current density at room T (million times of
those in copper)

highest intrinsic mobility (100 times more than in Si)

conducts electricity in the limit of no electrons

lightest charge carriers (zero rest mass)

longest mean free path at room T (micron range)

most impermeable (even He atoms cannot squeeze
through)

……?
2
Producing graphene
3
Mechanical
Electrical
conductivity
•
•
•
CVD
graphene
Optical
Permeability
Rollable epaper
Foldable OLED display
Touch screen
Thermal
Heat sink for
semiconductors
Barrier coating for
cupper connects in
electronics
Electromagnetic
shield layer
Biocompatibility
•
Wound dressing
management
Biomaterials for
regenerative
medicine
‘smart’ biomaterials
Drug delivery
Medical devices
Scaffold for tissue
engineering
•
Chemical
sensors
Conductive ink
• Packaging
• Toys
• Smart items
Surface
area
Ultra fast
laser
•
•
•
•
Conductive layer
Platelets
Structural
composites
• Solar cells/PV
• Smart windows
Electromagnetic
shield coating
or composites
• Anti corrosion in
structure
• Food packaging
Additive for
heat
dissipation in
polymers
Conductive filler for composites
GO
Electrodes for
batteries and
supercapacitors
Barrier coating
Conductive filler for hydrogel
composites
• Drug delivery systems
• Regenerative medicine
• Tissue engineering
‘smart’
hydrogels
composites
for contact
lenses
Membranes
• Solvent/gas purification
• Separation/dessalination
Healthcare
Aerospace, defence
Packaging
Electronics
Sensors
Composites
Energy storage
Biosensors
4
Route to Commercialisation – Partnership and Collaboration
Concept Development
Academia
1
Technology/Capability
Demonstration
Programmes
Technology/Capability
Demonstration
Programmes – focused
on increasing the SRL
to de-risk and
showcase next
generation products
and applications
Application- Supply Chain
System Readiness Level
End UserProgramme &
Product Delivery
9
Value creation
through the
delivery of Product
or via the
Integration of
Complex Systems
Material Supply Chain
Technology Readiness Level
9
Concept Development – focus is on a) increasing the technology development TRL –
manufacturing scale up, characterisation and measurement, b) experiment with the art of the
possible future applications and concepts and c) provide inputs to Concept Development.
5
Graphene Industry Maturity Matrix
Reputation, Entrepreneurial Appetite
Risk Appetite, Funding Challenge, Priority & IP
Funding
£
Project in
main area of
research/
application
Need to kick start with
samples, prototypes &
demonstrators
Meetings &
Exploratory
Discussions
& Potential
Projects
Technology
Watch
0
No
Interest
1
Awarenes
s
2
Engagement
Strategic
Partnership
&
programmes
Quick
Look
Projects,
Prototype
s
Relationsh
ip Building
Proof of
Principle
3
Pilot
Project
4
Major
project
www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk
5
Strategic
Partnership
6
Graphene @ Manchester
Key applications
Membranes &
Barriers
Biomedical
Structures &
Coatings
Energy
Storage
Electronics/
Printed
Electronics
7
Graphene @ Manchester
Graphene based composites
•
Compared to CNTs, higher contents of graphene
can be mixed to polymer formulations with no
dramatic increase of viscosity (no bundle)
•
Bilayer graphene better enhancement than
monolayers
•
Larger flakes more efficient than small flakes
•
Mechanical properties in graphene based epoxy
resins
–
–
–
–
–
•
Significant increase in compressive strength
Compressive modulus
Impact energy absorption
Tensile strength
Young modulus
Electrical and electrochemical properties
–
•
Improved electrical conductivity
Thermal properties
–
–
High thermal stability
Improved thermal conductivity at high graphene
content (20%)
www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk
8
Graphene @ Manchester
Graphene as heat dissipater
•
Graphene high intrinsic thermal
conductivity allows the alleviation of
heat dissipation issues
•
Number of layers matters
•
Graphene demonstrated properties
as heat spreaders for high power
GaN transistors
•
However implementation of graphene
as heat spreaders in optoelectronics
still remains at its infancy
•
Could graphene be ever used as
plane components in aerospace and
defence for large scale heat spreader
and dissipater? Could it changed the
heat signature of devices?
a)Temperature distribution on a
conventional LED chip
B)rGO embedded LED chip
BGT Materials Ltd.
www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk
Han et al., Nat. Comm., 2013, 4, 1452
9
Graphene E-Textiles
Incorporating graphene onto and into traditional fabrics…
Sensors
Electronics
Lighting…
Graphene/cotton woven mesh
www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk
10
Membranes
Adding water to hexane
Graphene based
membrane
Result: Membrane blocks
hexane but it allows water
to pass through!!
www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk
11
Graphene@Manchester
Physics
Graphene
NowNano
Centre for
Doctoral Training
Life Sciences
Sensors, drug
delivery
Tissue engineering
Nanotoxicology
Fundamental
properties
Novel 2D materials
and hetero-structures
£61m NGI &
£60m GEIC
Facilities
and
Capabilities
Materials
Process routes
Characterisation
Standards
Electronics
Sensors
Semiconductor
devices
Chemistry
Composites
Membranes, barriers
and coatings
Over 200 researchers in graphene and
related 2D materials across over 30
academic groups
12
National Graphene Institute (NGI)
The NGI focus is on academic led research (TRL 1-5) into
graphene and related 2-D materials in collaboration with
Industry
• Demonstration of:
• New concepts/new
applications/fundamental studies
• Graphene potential by producing new
concept products and processes
• Development of:
• Low cost and scalable manufacturing
methods for high quality graphene
• Process stabilisation, achieving
reproducible quality, high
manufacturing yields
• Standardisation, Characterisation,
Quality Certification and Health and
Safety
http://www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk/
13
NGI Priority Research Areas
COLLABORATIVE
PROJECTS
BIO-MEDICAL
ELECTRONICS & SENSORS
MEMBRANES & BARRIERS
STRUCTURES,
FORMULATIONS, INKS &
COATINGS
ENERGY- BATTERIES &
SUPER-CAPACITORS
MATERIALS PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURE
PROCESS STABILISATION
QUALITY CERTIFICATION, MEASUREMENT AND
CHARACTERISATION
14
Industry Partners
15
Graphene Engineering Innovation
Centre (GEIC)
The GEIC focus is on industry led technology development
(TRL 3-6) in graphene and related 2-D materials in
collaboration with academia.
• Pilot production and process scale-up
of graphene and related 2-D materials
and its measurement and
characterisation
• Application development in: Structures
and composites, Energy - battery and
super-capacitors, Solution formulation,
inks & coatings, Electronics, Sensors
and Membranes.
• “Make & break” prototype development
and integration facility
• Training in graphene and related 2-D
materials
http://www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk/
16
Route to Commercialisation – Partnership and Collaboration
Academia
Technology/Capability
Demonstration
Programmes
Technology/Capability
Demonstration
Programmes – focused
on increasing the SRL
to de-risk and
showcase next
generation products
and applications
Application- Supply Chain
Concept Development
1
End UserProgramme &
Product Delivery
GEIC
NGI
University
System Readiness Level
Industry
9
Value creation
through the
delivery of Product
or via the
Integration of
Complex Systems
Material Supply Chain
Technology Readiness Level
9
Concept Development – focus is on a) increasing the technology development TRL –
manufacturing scale up, characterisation and measurement, b) experiment with the art of the
possible future applications and concepts and c) provide inputs to Concept Development.
17