F F Heat Induction for Copper

advertisement
Heat Induction for Copper-Tube Welding
01 232
4 1 1
Sathaporn Sittiwong 1 and Prasit Chanmontree 1
!"#$%&'()*))#+#,-##$)!$./ 0/$,&1/2,/$%&'() 34(#/$%&'()+1505
6
781% &'( ) )$9+1 " ) $0$/%59: )/$/60 # ; $,.1 %/ + < = %&* /( >5 + # 6 781 5 0 4 # 9+1 5>5$>+5
/$/1?.$+#/*$5 -+0/$,.1>5$1),/$%&'()*))#+#+1505
/$,.1>5$1)
""%.(05;$ 34(#&!+%.(05;$5# 9+1))/""%@5#)0*$##*$0 /)"A46+150 2 *5,.?*C >') 5#
/;$#/"5#>5">! ;$."5#/;$#,&1)%5)%)"""+%D %<'();$.1$(,/$5&#+>( 5$E(
8# 15F ) %@ ) <! ,.1 / " A+GH8 A )#.1 )# +1 50/$; $#$""%-33 ;$. "5#>5">! /)"+150H$>/;$%+??$I)+8%>5$/51$#< -+0,&19)3%") TL494 %@5/;$%+??$I H$>5#A"9+1,&19)3%") TC4424 A".1)#0/-++ )/$/6 0#/)"+1505#F)#//%/
$//$50 %'();$%>'()#,.1>5$1)""%.(05;$&!+69*)%A1$/"""9::F$ ;$/$%&'()-+0,&15+
%&'( ) %# %@ 5$)0* ) * ) )#+# <"5* $%>'() #,.1 > 5$1 ) ""%.( 0 5; $+ # /*$5 $$E%&'( ) *))#+#A$+%17*$N80/$# 12.7 mm. -+0,&1%5$ 10 5$ +150/;$#9::F$ 1,680 W ,.1
H$< 78.63%
ABSTRACT
Nowadays the copper-tube welding work in industrial factories widely gas in welding. However,
the welder might be endangered from the flame. Moreover it will cause pollution from odor and fume.
Accordingly, the project team had an idea to solve there problems, by using copper-tube welding heat
from induction method. The induction set and circuit were designed in simple circuits, consisting of two
main parts j power circuit and control circuit. For the power circuit, full-bridge inverter is used to
function in switching voltage at high frequency, then feed it as input to the primary coil of transformer,
with the work as resonance. For the control circuit, it consists of generating circuit of pulse width
modulation (PWM) signals by using IC No. TL494 as the signal generator. The driving part uses IC No.
TC4424 to drive the isolated transformer. Moreover, it also consists of the overloaded-current prevention
circuit. From the testing, when this induction heat set was connected to the electrical system and
welding was made with silver electrode as the binder of the copper to be with the 12.7 j mm diameter
with the 10 j seconds time and 1,680 j watt electrical power. The efficiency obtained was 78.63%
Key words: Induction Heat, High Frequency
e-mail address : sathaporns@kmutnb.ac.th
H$>5&$%>--05N5/9::F$ 50$0%>--0)!$./ .$50$0%>--0<)%/1$<>%.')
Department of Electrical Engineering Technology, CIT, King Mongkutts University of Technology North Bangkok.
1
,!"6 #$)!$./%&'()*))#+#,-##$%>'()#;$>5$%0D 9+1/$<w$$)+ 34(#
*5,.?*,.1>5$1)+1505
,&1%59:$//D*&6#$(9+10#>!IH$<(;$ )/$/6 0#;$,.1%/+H$5
%&*/(>5$/ )$*#7/*),.1%/+)$0,"$#E$(9+1 %&* -/+#%/D"5+!%>HIx<'6((,&1;$."
7.')/)")$.$ %@1 +#6 4#%.D>5/1?.$%.*$6 -+0/$,&1%>'()#,.1>5$1)""%.(05;$
E4#15*$>'()#,.1>5$1)""5
%.(05;$ $$E 7A46H$0,%N9+115 *)!/I"$#)0*$#(
,&1/)"%@5%>'()# 0#1)#;$%A1$$$/*$#%N $>$>*)A1$#8# %<$y6 4#1)#/$N4/=$
<w$%<'()9+1%>'()#%&'()""%.(05;$>5$1);$."/$%&'()$*))#+# (,&15+!)!/I
/)"H$0,%N %<'();$,.11!(;$ A$+%D/# *
H$</$,&1#$8#A46
@ABCD
1.@ABF
$//$N4/=$A)# Foucault Heaviside [1,6] 34(#9+1+)#%/(05/"/9.5(Eddy Current)
/$0%@!+%(1A)#/$%.(05;$>5$1) +1505
*$#C / ,%5$*)$ Heaviside 9+1%A0%@
">5$ &'() |The Induction of Current Core} 34(#%@">5$(%A0A46 %/(05/"/$E*$0>5$1)$/A+5+
90#*#-. )$$0$0& &!+%') ;$50 %>'()#,.1>5$1)""%.(05;$;$."#$%&'()$*)
)#+#" 9+1"!50$/ ;$/#$>I//$50.*#&$ (5&.)  2553 #$50+#/*$5 ))/""""
>5">!-+0,&19->>)-%) ;$,.1%/+>5$0!*#0$//"781(9*<'6>5$81+1$9->>)-%) 781504#
>+))/""5#>5">!)0*$##*$0-+0,&19)3/;$%+??$I PWM ;$%D8(,&1#$#*$0$>$E8/;$,.1/$
1$#9*%/+>5$0!*#0$/
%'()#$//$,.1 >5$1)+1505
/$%.(05;$ 9*1)#/$%&'6)%<#$/.*#H$0)/ +#6 ;$,.1
>*$/$8?%0>*$1)0 &6#$)$+ %<$9**5,+7//".*#>5$1) 4#;$,.1=‚%/(05/"
/$%.(05;$>5$1) 9+1"/$<w$)0*$#*)%'()#
;$.".//$%"'6)#1A)#/$%.(05;$>5$1) %.')/".//$.1)# >')>5$<
A)#/+1$A+!0H8 >*$%*$/"
Is
%'()
Is
Ip
Ns
Np
=
Ip
Np
Ns
(1)
/+1$A+!0H8 (A)
/+1$A+GH8 (A)
;$5)"A+5+A+!0H8 (turn)
;$5)"A+5+A+GH8 (turn)
* E1$;$5)"A+5+$#+1$A+! 0H8 Ns % <0 #)"%+0 5.') % 0"%') /" + 5#
+#,H$<( 1 +#6 >5$<
A)#/+1$A+!0H8 >*$%*$/"
Is = Ip Np
(2)
H$<( 1 A+5+!0H8)"%+05.')E8/+5#
$//$( (2) <"5*$ /-.+>*$7#/"/(A+GH8 ;$5)"A+5+
+1$A+GH8
H$<( 2(a) %@/$+#A+5+;$.",.1>5$1)/"-.+(%@*)-.)#+#8#/")/
H$<(+#+#/*$5%0"%')/"5#.1)#A)#H$<( 1 -+0A+5++1$GH8E8/<.$0)"
*A+5++1$!0H8E8/+5# (*))#+#) .')%0"%')<)"%+05 <1)/"&*)#)$/$N%D/C
0/.5*$#A+GH8/"&6#$ 34(#/I61)#>;$4#E4#>*$A)#/$/;$/"75 (Skin Effect) A)#>5$
.$*/%.(05;$(>5$E(8#C +150
%'()#$/ >*$>5$.$*/%.(05;$(%/+A46/"75*)-.#/")/ >*$+#$0
>5$4/A)#75 E1$.$/>5$E(>*$8#A46 )$/$+#A)#/+#/*$5 /D>*$%<(A46$ )/$/6
0#1)#>*$A46)08*/">*$>5$1$$;$%<$ >*$>5$343$"A)#$*%.D/A)#*)-.#/")/
)/+150
H$<( 2(b) +#<'675*)-.)#+##/")/ (7*))/%@7* ,.1)#%')+5#$#
A+!0H8951 >*$>5$1$$A)#*)-.#/")/>*$A46)08*/"A$+ ;$."/=I/$9.A)#/
)#%.' ) 9."7* $"A)#7 5* ) -.#/")/%&* / 5 E! #> . / %<'( ) +< # #$( F ) 7($$ >') ;$,.1>*$/$8?%0,*)#/")/56#A+5+>*$+# ;$,.19+1
H$<>*$8#!+
)/+150
l
d
d
ac
(a)
(b)
H$<( 2 A+5+(,.1>5$1)/"-.)#+#8#/")/
η
1
=
1+
%'()
η
ρ
c
ρ
w
µ
w
ρc
[2]
(3)
ρw × µw
>') H$</$,.1>5$1)
>') >*$>5$1$$;$%<$A)#A+5+ (Ω-cm)
>') >*$>5$1$$;$%<$A)#*)#/")/ (Ω-cm)
>') >*$>5$343$"$*%.D/A)#*)#/")/
-+0$//$
H$<$#)!+> <"5*$E1$.$/>*$>5$1$$;$%<$A)#8*)#/")/
.' ) ρw / ">* $>5$34 3$"$* %.D/ A)#*) #/")/.' ) µw >* $8 #$/C >* $ H$< >* $
%/')" 100%
%'( ) #$/>* $ >5$.$* A)#/ (J) ( 9 +1 $//$%.( 0 5; $ /$/A+5+ (coil) 90 # (
7 5&6 #$+1 500>5$4 / ,8 %)D / -<%%& 0 (Exponential) <1 ) / " /; $.+,.1 % @ >* $>5$34 4 / 7 5
(Skin Effect) -+0E1$>5$E(A)#.*#*$0>*$8#C >*$>5$344/75+#/*$5/D+# <1)/"9+1/9."
<'675A)#&6#$$/E1$8#&6#$/=I""7*%0">5$.$*A)#/,&6#$6 9+1
%*$/"/$
-x
J = J0e /δ
[2]
(4)
%'() J
>') >*$>5$.$*A)#/(0 x ,+C $/75 (cm)
J0
>') >*$>5$.$*A)#/(75 (cm)
f
>') >5$E(.*#*$0 (Hz)
δ
>') >*$>5$344/75 34(#%*$/"
ρ x 109
δ = 1 c
2π µw f
[2]
(5)
$//$( (4) )$*5>*$>5$.$*A)#/(0 x ,+C*)>*$>5$.$*A)#/
$/75AI/;$/")$*50 x *)>*$>5$344/75 δ .') J/J0 = f [x/δ] 9+1$H$<( 3
$/H$<( 3 %.D5*$>*$>5$.$*A)#/%.(05;$(0 x (>*$%*$/" δ >*$%*$/"
0.368 %*$A)#>*$>5$.$*A)#/(75
H$<( 3 )$*5A)# J/J0 AI/;$/")$ x/δ
$//$( (5) <"5*$E1$.$//$,.1>5$1)/"&6#$+150>5$E(*$#/%@7;$,.1>*$>5$34
4/75 (δ) *$#/+150 %&* %'()>5$E(>*$(;$ >*$>5$344/75>*$8# +#64#%.$;$."/$,.1>5$1)
/"&6#$6#&6 .')E1$.$/%@>5$E(8# >*$>5$344/75>*$(;$ +#6 %.$/"&6#$(1)#/$&!"
AD#("%5I75 ;$."A1)+A)#/$,.1>5$1)+150>5$E(8#
2. 232
2.1 N4/=$$0%)0+ (Specification) $G$>5$)+H0A)#&!+,.1>5$1)%.(05;$*$#C
2.2 /$))/"" 1$# +)# %/D"A1)8 5%>$.7
/$))/""5#781509+1))/""%<'();$9,&1#$%&'()*))#+#A$+ φ 9*%/ 12.7 mm.
.$9*%/ 1.5 mm. +150.*#*$0/;$#)<!%:%+05 220 V, 50 Hz %)$<! 3 kW (>5$E( 26 kHz
5#.//)"A46+150 2 *5 >') 5#%0#//"5#)%5)%) ;$."5#)%5)%)
/)"A46+1505#/;$# -+09+1,&1)%:/;$#%@)!/I/$5&9)3 TL494 ;$.1$(7
??$I PWM +#+#,H$<( 4 <1)/" TC4424 ;$.1$(&!+A";$%/ +#+#,H$<( 5 )/$/65#
0#/)"+150&!+F)#//5#.*#*$0/;$#&*50 +#+#,H$<( 6
+ 12 V
1N 914
+ 12 V
VR
12 V
+ 12 V
8
1N914
3
1. 5 k
4
1N 914
4. 7 k
8
LM358
14
REF
E1
1
9
12 V
10 k
E1
2
VDD
IN A
OUT A
5
1N 914
12 V
OUT A
1IN-
1k
+ 12 V
FB
1
100 nF
4. 7 k
E2
3
1 nF
10 k
E2
2
RT
1IN+
2IN+ CT GND
16
7
5
GND
10 IN B
OUT B
7
IN B
OUT B
G2
4.7
12 V
O/ P CTRL
1M
1k
15
14
IN A
4 1. 5 k
LED
S1
13
13
2
S1
C1
DTA
11
12
C2 VCC
15
2IN-
G1
4.7
S2
5
11
1N 914
G3
10
12 V
4.7
5
12 V
6
S3
GND
4
1 nF
1N 914
12 V
G4
4.7
100
12 V
H$<( 4 +#5#1$#??$I PWM
S4
H$<( 5 +#5#A";$%/+1509)3%") TC4424
H$<( 6 +#5#F)#//5#.*#*$0/;$#&*50
781509+1))/""$$E,&1#$9+1/"&6#$A$+A$+%17*$N80/$#8#!+ 15 mm. &6 #$%@
*))#+#(,&1,""%>'()#")$/$N>*$>5$1$$;$%<$A)#*)#/")/ ( ρw ) ()!I.H8 30 OC
>') 1.682 µΩ − cm. >*$ Relative Permeability .') µ / µ0 ( µ w ) = 0.999994 ))/"",.1>*$>5$
1$$;$%<$A)#A+5+ ( ρc ) 0.05 ρw %'()>*$,/$ (3) 9+1
H$<>5$1)%*$/"
81.76%
HCCCD
2IJ4
781509+1;$/$+)#""1"" -+0F)%A1$/"#+.*#*$0/;$# 220 V 50 Hz <1)/";$
/$%&'()*))#+# 2 A$+ >') A$+%17*$N80/$# 9.52 mm. /" 12.7 mm. (%')/A$++#/*$5 %<$
%@ A$+( 0 ; $ ,&1 # $,-##$)! $./%>'( ) #; $>5$%0D <"5* $$$E%&'( ) * ) )#+#A$+
%17*$N80/$# 9.52 mm. 12.7 mm. 9+1# -+0,&1%5$ 10 s +#$0%)0+$$$#( 1
$/A1)8$$$#( 1 %'();$$<D)%@/$:)!I.H8 T = f(t) 9+1$H$<( 7 <"5*$
*))#+#A$+%17*$N80/$# 12.57 mm. 9+1")!I.H88#/5*$ *))#+#(A$+%17*$N80/$#
9.52 mm. 6#6%'()#$/75A)#*)A$+%17*$N80/$# 12.7 mm. 0.*$#$/75A)#A+5+%.(05;$
>5$1)1)0/5*$ %'()%0"/"75*)A$+ 9.52 mm. +#6 4#">5$1)9+1+/5*$ ;$."/;$#9::F$(F)
781509+1;$/$+)#/"*))#+#A$+ 12.7 mm. +1505%*$/" 50 g. ,&1/;$#)<! %*$/" 1,680 W.
%'();$5)#+#+#/*$5%*$/" 50 g. )!I.H8(%(0#%*$/" 680 OC >*$>5$1);$%<$)#+#
%*$/" 0.093 cal/g OC %5$(,&1 10 s 9>;$5I/;$#%)$<!>*$(9+1>*$%*$/" 1,321 W +#6
H$<%*$/" 78.63% %.D5*$>*$(;$/5*$>*$())/"">;$5I951%D/1)0%'()#$/%/+/$8?%0,
)!/I)%D/)//;$#(,&1,/$53
$$#( 1 A1)8(9+1$//$+)#
>5$E( (kHz) %5$ )!I.H8*))#+# (OC)
(s) φ 9.525 mm φ 12.7 mm
0
30
30
2
70
77
26
4
180
198
6
310
340
8
523
550
10
668
692
$/H$<( 8 %@/$,.1>5$1)%<'()%&'())#+# -+0(/$%.(05;$%/+A46(A5+5+;$,.1%/+
>5$1)(*))0*)A)#)#+#
( C)
H$<( 7 /$: T = f(t)
H$<( 8 AI,.1>5$1)%<'()%&'()*))#+#
KL
$/7A)#/$+)# <"5* $ %>'( ) #,.1 > 5$1 ) ""%.( 0 5; $ $$E%&'( ) * ) )#+#A$+
φ 9.52 mm. /" 12.7 mm. 9+1 H$0,%5$9*%/ 10 s 9+1
H$< 78.63% +#6 4#>5$+5/
*),&1#$ %<$A$+%D/ 6;$./%"$,&1%5$/$%0#$/*)/$%&'()1)0 )/$/6>5$1)(%/+
A46/"&6#$ %/+A46)0*$#(;$%))"*))#+#<1)/ 34(#*$#//"/$%&'()/D(1)#,.1>5$1)
""!+ A1);$/+E$(,/$,&1#$ %&* 781%&'())$9+1")$0$/%59:+150 /$%/+%5
9:+#/*$5 0#%@7;$,.1%/+<=$#)$/$N %&* /( >5 -+0%y<$.1)#)+Œ! (Clean Room)
,-#<0$"$.') E$(/)")$.$ %@1 )/6#5#(,&1%@5#)0*$##*$0 )!/I.$3'6)9+1#*$0$
1)#$+$>$E8/ $$E1$#A46,&19+1%)#
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
2
Heavisde, O.1884. The induction of currents in cores, pp. 583. In The Electrician.May 1884.
John Davies, Peter Simpson.1979. Induction Heat Hand Book McGraw-Hill, New York, 1979.
John F.rider.1988. Basic of Induction Heating. New York : Publisher,inc, 1988.
Muhammad H. Rashid.1998. Power Electronics. New Jersey : Prentice-Hall International, 1998.
S. Zinn and S.L. Semiatin.1988. Elements of induction heating In design, control, and
applications. Metals Park, Ohio, c1988.
Thomson, J. J. 1892. On the heat produced by eddy current in an iron plate exposed to an
alternating magnetic field. In The Electrician, April 1892.
Download