Electricity Chemistry Section 1.1 Name:__________________ 1. Define the following: a. Static Electricity ____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ b. Electron _____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ c. Proton _______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ d. Neutral _______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ e. Charge Separation __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ f. Electrical Discharge_________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ Use pages 275-­‐278 in Science in Action to answer the following questions: 1. How does a proton differ from an electron? 2. What does it mean to be statically charged? 3. How does a Van de Graaff generator work? 4. a)What happens when like charges interact? b) What happens when unlike charges interact? 5. You rub your feet across a floor and electrons transfer from you to the floor. Are you now negative or positively charged? 6. A neutral object contains no charge. Is this statement true? Explain. 7. Why is a neutral object attracted to a charged object? 8. Large trucks that carry flammable liquids often have a metal wire or chain that drags on the ground. Why? Section 1.2 1. Define the following a. Electrical Current ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ b. Circuit ___________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ c. Amperes _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ d. Conductors _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ e. load _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ f. Voltage ___________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ g. Electrical Energy ________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ h. Potential Difference _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ i.
Volt _______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ j.
Voltmeter ________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ Use pages 279-­‐283 in Science in Action to answer the following questions: 1. What is electrical energy? 2. How does current electricity differ from static electricity? 3. What is voltage? 4. What are the units for measuring a) current b) voltage 5. You require a high-­‐ current battery to start a large tractor. While shopping, should you be more concerned with the battery’s rating of volts or amps? Why? 6. A wire carrying more electrons will transfer more energy than a wire carrying fewer electrons. Is this true, why? 7. Using the diagram on page 280, describe how electricity gets from the generating plant to an appliance in your home. 8. What is the reading on the voltmeter on page 283? Section 1.3 1. Define the following: a. Short Circuit _________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ b. Insulators ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ c. Fuses _____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ d. Circuit Breakers _____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is more dangerous, current or voltage? Why? 3. What is the purpose of a fuse? 4. What is meant by ground wire? 5. What is a short circuit? 6. A power line carrying a high current falls on a car, but the people inside are not electrocuted. Explain. 7. Are all electric shocks to the body dangerous? Explain. 8. Tall buildings often have a steel lighting rod that is connected to the ground with a wire. Lightning tends to strike these rods during storms. Why are these rods added and how do they work? 9. A friend has told you about plugging in a radio and putting it on the edge of the tub while taking a bath. Why is it unwise to listen to music this way? 10. Why is it a bad idea to take shelter under a tree in a thunderstorm? 11. You notice a friend removing the third prong of a plug so that the plug will fit into an extension cord that has only two holes. Is the removal of this third prong safe? Explain why or why not? Section 1.4 1. Define the following: a. Electrochemical cell ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ b. Dry cells _____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ c. Electrolyte ___________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ d. Ion ___________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ e. Electrodes ___________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ f. Wet Cells _________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ g. Primary Cells ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ h. Rechargeable cells __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ i. Secondary cells __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ j. Battery __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ k. Electrolysis __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ l.
Electrochemistry __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ m. Electroplating __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Examine the two dry cells on pages 288 and 294 of your textbook. Identify two major similarities and two major differences. 2. Draw one of the wet cells you saw demonstrated in class. Clearly label the electrolyte, and the two electrodes. 3. Explain in your own words how a rechargeable cell works. 4. List an advantage and disadvantage of both a dry cell and a wet cell: Advantage Disadvantage Dry Cell: Wet Cell: 5. Dry cells are designed to keep electrons flowing. Why do they eventually “die” or stop working? 6. A car designer has proposed building a new car battery. She is planning to test the following different electrode and electrolyte combinations. State whether her wet cell will work. a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Electrolyte
Electrode #1
Electrode #2
Distilled Water
Salt Water
Lemon Juice
Lemon Juice
Salt Water
Distilled Water
Zinc
Copper
Zinc
Zinc
Carbon
Carbon
Zinc
Copper
Copper
Carbon
Carbon
Copper
Will it work
(Yes or No)
7. Match each of the following examples: i. electrolysis ii. electroplating iii. anodizing iv. electrorefining a. _____ An electrode made of impure silver is dissolved into solution and collected on an electrode of pure silver. b. _____ A titanium carabiner used for rock climbing is strengthened by adding a layer of titanium oxide. c. _____ Electricity is used to obtain the elements hydrogen and oxygen from the splitting of molecules of water. d. _____ A steel exhaust pipe is coated with chrome