Complex Numbers and Basic Properties (Benjamin C. Kuo

advertisement
Complex Numbers and Basic Properties (Benjamin C. Kuo)
(Kompleks Sayฤฑlar ve Temel Özellikleri)
Rectangular Form (Kartezyen Biçim)
A complex number is represented in rectangular form.
Rectangular Form: ๐‘ง = ๐‘ฅ + ๐‘—๐‘ฆ
where,
๐‘— = √−1 , (๐‘— 2 = −1, ๐‘— 3 = −๐‘—, ๐‘— 4 = +1)
(x, y) are real and imaginary coefficients of z respectively
๐‘ฅ = ๐‘…๐‘’{๐‘ง}, ๐‘ฆ = ๐ผ๐‘š{๐‘ง}
We can treat (x, y) as a point in the Cartesian coordinate frame.
Complex number z representation in
Rectangular and Polar forms
(Cartesian coordinate frame)
Polar Form (Kutupsal Biçim)
Rectangular coordinate frame may also be defined by a vector R and an angle ๏ฑ.
๐‘ฅ = ๐‘…๐‘๐‘œ๐‘ ๐œƒ,
๐‘ฆ = ๐‘…๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘›๐œƒ
R = magnitude of z=๏‚ฝz๏‚ฝ and ๏ฑ =phase of z ๏ฑ is measured from the x axis.
๐‘… = |๐‘ง| = √๐‘ฅ 2 + ๐‘ฆ 2 ,
๐‘ฆ
๐œƒ = ๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘›−1 ๐‘ฅ
Positive phase is in counter clockwise direction.
R
y
๏ฑ
x
Polar Form: ๐‘ง = ๐‘…๐‘๐‘œ๐‘ ๐œƒ + ๐‘—๐‘…๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘›๐œƒ = ๐‘…(๐‘๐‘œ๐‘ ๐œƒ + ๐‘—๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘›๐œƒ),
or substituting (๐‘๐‘œ๐‘ ๐œƒ + ๐‘—๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘›๐œƒ) → ๏ƒ๐œƒ
Polar Form: ๐‘ง = ๐‘…๏ƒ๐œƒ
Exponential Form (Üstel Biçim)
Using Euler Formula: ๐‘’ ๏‚ฑ๐‘—๐œƒ = ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘ ๐œƒ๏‚ฑ๐‘—๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘›๐œƒ
Polar Form may also be represented in exponential form as
Exponential Form: ๐‘ง = ๐‘…๐‘’ ๐‘—๐œƒ ,
or substituting ๐‘’ ๐‘—๐œƒ → ๏ƒ๐œƒ
Polar Form: ๐‘ง = ๐‘…๏ƒ๐œƒ
Düzenleyen: Prof. Dr. Herman Sedef (YTÜ)
V6
Conjugate of the Complex Number (Kompleks Sayฤฑnฤฑn EลŸleniฤŸi)
๐‘ง ∗ = ๐‘ฅ − ๐‘—๐‘ฆ = ๐‘…๐‘๐‘œ๐‘ ๐œƒ − ๐‘—๐‘…๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘›๐œƒ = ๐‘…๐‘’ −๐‘—๐œƒ = ๐‘…๏ƒ − ๐œƒ,
๐‘ง โˆ™ ๐‘ง ∗ = |๐‘ง|2 = ๐‘… 2 = ๐‘ฅ 2 + ๐‘ฆ 2
Basic Properties of Complex Numbers (Kompleks Sayฤฑlarฤฑn Temel Özellikleri)
CASIO fx-82MS ve fx-82ES Hesap Makinesi ile Koordinat DönüลŸümleri
Uyarฤฑ: Makine derece modunda olmalฤฑdฤฑr! Bu durumda ekranda D harfi görülür.
CASIO fx-82ES’ te RCL E ve RCL F yapmaya gerek yoktur (x, y) veya (r, ๏ฑ) çifti ekranda aynฤฑ anda görülür.
Kutupsaldan-Kartezyene DönüลŸüm (Pol๏‚ฎ Rec)
Düzenleyen: Prof. Dr. Herman Sedef (YTÜ)
Kartezyenden-Kutupsala DönüลŸüm (Rec๏‚ฎPol)
V6
Download