Technical White Paper
HUAWEI SAN Storage Host Connectivity
Guide for Windows
OceanStor Storage
Windows
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
2014-02
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior
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and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective
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The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and
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The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Address:
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Website:
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About This Document
About This Document
Overview
This document details the configuration methods and precautions for connecting Huawei SAN
storage devices to Windows hosts.
Intended Audience
This document is intended for:

Huawei technical support engineers

Technical engineers of Huawei's partners
Conventions
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows:
Symbol
Description
Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if not
avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk, which if
not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not
avoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss,
performance degradation, or unexpected results.
Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save time.
Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement
important points of the main text.
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About This Document
General Conventions
Convention
Description
Times New Roman
Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.
Boldface
Names of files, directories, folders, and users are in boldface. For
example, log in as user root.
Italic
Book titles are in italics.
Courier New
Examples of information displayed on the screen are in Courier
New.
Command Conventions
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Format
Description
Boldface
The keywords of a command line are in boldface.
Italic
Command arguments are in italics.
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Contents
Contents
About This Document .........................................................................................................................ii
1 Windows Operating System ........................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Overview....................................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 File Systems in Windows .............................................................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Common Management Tools and Commands .............................................................................................................. 4
1.3.1 Remote Login ............................................................................................................................................................ 4
1.3.2 Management Tool ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.3.3 Disk Management Commands ................................................................................................................................... 8
1.4 Interoperability Between Windows and Storage Systems ........................................................................................... 11
2 Network Planning............................................................................................................................ 12
2.1 Fibre Channel Network Diagram ................................................................................................................................ 12
2.1.1 Multi-Path Direct-Connection Network................................................................................................................... 12
2.1.2 Multi-Path Switch-based Network ........................................................................................................................... 13
2.2 iSCSI Network Diagram ............................................................................................................................................. 15
2.2.1 Multi-Path Direct-Connection Network................................................................................................................... 15
2.2.2 Multi-Path Switch-based Network ........................................................................................................................... 16
3 Preparations Before Configuration (on a Host) ....................................................................... 18
3.1 HBA Identification ...................................................................................................................................................... 18
3.2 HBA Properties ........................................................................................................................................................... 19
3.3 Windows Disk Timeout............................................................................................................................................... 19
3.4 iSCSI Initiator Driver Timeout ................................................................................................................................... 21
4 Preparations Before Configuration (on a Storage System) ................................................... 23
5 Configuring Switches ..................................................................................................................... 24
5.1 Fibre Channel Switch.................................................................................................................................................. 24
5.1.1 Querying the Switch Model and Version ................................................................................................................. 24
5.1.2 Configuring Zones ................................................................................................................................................... 27
5.1.3 Precautions............................................................................................................................................................... 30
5.2 Ethernet Switch ........................................................................................................................................................... 30
5.2.1 Configuring VLANs ................................................................................................................................................ 31
5.2.2 Binding Ports ........................................................................................................................................................... 31
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6 Establishing Fibre Channel Connections .................................................................................. 34
6.1 Checking Topology Modes ......................................................................................................................................... 34
6.1.2 OceanStor T Series Storage System ......................................................................................................................... 35
6.1.3 OceanStor 18000 Series Enterprise Storage System ................................................................................................ 35
6.2 Adding Initiators ......................................................................................................................................................... 36
6.3 Establishing Connections............................................................................................................................................ 37
7 Establishing iSCSI Connections .................................................................................................. 38
7.1 Checking Windows iSCSI Initiator Software ............................................................................................................. 38
7.2 Configuring Storage Service IP Addresses ................................................................................................................. 39
7.2.1 OceanStor T Series Storage System ......................................................................................................................... 40
7.2.2 OceanStor 18000 Series Enterprise Storage System ................................................................................................ 40
7.3 Host ............................................................................................................................................................................. 41
7.3.1 Configuring IP Addresses on a Host ........................................................................................................................ 41
7.3.2 Configuring Initiators on a Host .............................................................................................................................. 42
7.3.3 Establishing Connections......................................................................................................................................... 44
7.4 Configuring CHAP Authentication ............................................................................................................................. 44
7.4.1 Storage System ........................................................................................................................................................ 45
7.4.2 Host .......................................................................................................................................................................... 49
8 Mapping and Using LUNs ............................................................................................................ 51
8.1 LUN mapping ............................................................................................................................................................. 51
8.1.1 OceanStor T Series Storage System ......................................................................................................................... 51
8.1.2 OceanStor 18000 Series Enterprise Storage System ................................................................................................ 52
8.2 Using the Mapped LUNs ............................................................................................................................................ 53
9 Multipathing Management ........................................................................................................... 54
9.1 Overview..................................................................................................................................................................... 54
9.2 MPIO Policies............................................................................................................................................................. 54
9.3 Installation and Configuration .................................................................................................................................... 55
9.3.1 Precautions............................................................................................................................................................... 55
9.3.2 Procedure ................................................................................................................................................................. 56
9.4 Common Management Commands ............................................................................................................................. 62
9.5 Uninstallation.............................................................................................................................................................. 63
10 Volume Management ................................................................................................................... 66
11 Host High-Availability ................................................................................................................. 70
11.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................................... 70
11.1.1 MSCS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 70
11.1.2 WSFC..................................................................................................................................................................... 71
11.2 Configuration ............................................................................................................................................................ 73
11.2.1 MSCS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 73
11.2.2 WSFC..................................................................................................................................................................... 73
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12 Virtualization Technology .......................................................................................................... 74
12.1 Introduction to Hyper-V............................................................................................................................................ 74
12.2 Hyper-V Configuration ............................................................................................................................................. 74
12.2.1 Adding Hyper-V..................................................................................................................................................... 74
12.2.2 Creating Hyper-V VMs .......................................................................................................................................... 75
A Acronyms and Abbreviations ...................................................................................................... 76
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Figures
Figures
Figure 1-1 System information .............................................................................................................................. 2
Figure 1-2 Firewall configuration.......................................................................................................................... 5
Figure 1-3 Remote desktop connection ................................................................................................................. 6
Figure 1-4 Server Manager .................................................................................................................................... 7
Figure 1-5 diskpart commands in GUI .................................................................................................................. 8
Figure 2-2 Fibre Channel multi-path direct-connection network diagram (dual-controller) ............................... 13
Figure 2-3 Fibre Channel multi-path direct-connection network diagram (four-controller) ............................... 13
Figure 2-4 Fibre Channel multi-path switch-based network diagram (dual-controller) ...................................... 14
Figure 2-5 Fibre Channel multi-path switch-based network diagram (four-controller) ...................................... 14
Figure 2-6 iSCSI multi-path direct-connection network diagram (dual-controller) ............................................ 15
Figure 2-7 iSCSI multi-path direct-connection network diagram (four-controller) ............................................ 16
Figure 2-8 iSCSI multi-path switch-based network diagram (dual-controller) ................................................... 16
Figure 2-9 iSCSI multi-path switch-based network diagram (four-controller).................................................... 17
Figure 3-1 Checking HBA installation in Device Manager ................................................................................. 18
Figure 3-2 Run the fcinfo command to query HBA information ........................................................................ 19
Figure 3-3 Configuring disk timeout in the registry ............................................................................................ 20
Figure 3-4 Changing the iSCSI initiator driver timeout ...................................................................................... 21
Figure 5-1 Switch information ............................................................................................................................ 25
Figure 5-2 Switch port indicator status................................................................................................................ 27
Figure 5-3 Zone tab page ..................................................................................................................................... 28
Figure 5-4 Zone configuration............................................................................................................................. 28
Figure 5-5 Zone Config tab page ......................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 5-6 Name Server page .............................................................................................................................. 30
Figure 6-1 Fibre Channel port details .................................................................................................................. 35
Figure 6-2 Fibre Channel port details .................................................................................................................. 36
Figure 7-1 iSCSI Initiator page ........................................................................................................................... 39
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Figures
Figure 7-2 Modifying IPv4 addresses ................................................................................................................. 40
Figure 7-3 Modifying IPv4 addresses ................................................................................................................. 42
Figure 7-4 Entering the initiator name ................................................................................................................ 43
Figure 7-5 Configuring the target IP address ....................................................................................................... 44
Figure 7-6 Initiator CHAP configuration............................................................................................................. 45
Figure 7-7 CHAP Configuration dialog box........................................................................................................ 46
Figure 7-8 Create CHAP dialog box ................................................................................................................... 46
Figure 7-9 Assigning the CHAP account to the initiator ..................................................................................... 47
Figure 7-10 Setting CHAP status ........................................................................................................................ 48
Figure 7-11 Enabling CHAP ............................................................................................................................... 48
Figure 7-12 Initiator status after CHAP is enabled .............................................................................................. 48
Figure 7-13 Connecting to the target on a host through CHAP authentication ................................................... 49
Figure 9-1 Configuring MPIO parameters in the registry ................................................................................... 56
Figure 9-2 Enabling ALUA ................................................................................................................................. 57
Figure 9-3 Adding Multipath I/O......................................................................................................................... 58
Figure 9-4 Viewing VID and PID ........................................................................................................................ 58
Figure 9-5 Querying disk information ................................................................................................................. 59
Figure 9-6 Starting the MPIO console ................................................................................................................. 59
Figure 9-7 Adding storage devices ...................................................................................................................... 60
Figure 9-8 MPIO policy management page......................................................................................................... 60
Figure 9-9 Path details configuration page .......................................................................................................... 61
Figure 9-10 Deleting iSCSI devices managed by MPIO ..................................................................................... 64
Figure 9-11 Deleting Multipath I/O ..................................................................................................................... 64
Figure 10-1 Rescanning for disks ........................................................................................................................ 67
Figure 10-2 Setting the identified disks online .................................................................................................... 67
Figure 10-3 Initializing disks............................................................................................................................... 68
Figure 10-4 New RAID-5 volume dialog box ..................................................................................................... 68
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Tables
Tables
Table 1-1 Comparison among the four file systems .............................................................................................. 3
Table 1-2 Restrictions of NTFS with GPT disks ................................................................................................... 4
Table 2-1 Networking modes ............................................................................................................................... 12
Table 3-1 Management tools of mainstream HBAs ............................................................................................. 19
Table 5-1 Mapping between switch types and names .......................................................................................... 25
Table 5-2 Comparison of link aggregation modes ............................................................................................... 32
Table 6-1 Comparison among the three topology modes..................................................................................... 34
Table 9-1 Configuring ALUA on the storage system ........................................................................................... 57
Table 9-2 Default MPIO policy ........................................................................................................................... 61
Table 9-3 CMD commands for MPIO management ............................................................................................ 62
Table 9-4 Meaning of parameter num in the command for modifying the load balancing policy ....................... 63
Table 11-1 Maximum number of nodes supported by different storage systems ................................................. 71
Table 11-2 WSFC terms ....................................................................................................................................... 72
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1
1 Windows Operating System
Windows Operating System
1.1 Overview
Windows is a Microsoft operating system intended for servers. Each Windows Server Edition
has a corresponding home (workstation) edition, except Windows Server 2003 R2.
System Information
On a Windows host, choose Start > Run. In the Run dialog box that is displayed, enter
msconfig to start the system configuration module. Choose tools > system information and
click Launch. The displayed window shows the system information, as shown in Figure 1-1.
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Figure 1-1 System information
You can also use the MS-DOS command systeminfo to obtain the previous information.
On Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, and Windows Server 2012, you can run
the slmgr.vbs –dlv command on the MS-DOS command-line interface (CLI) to obtain more
details.
1.2 File Systems in Windows
Windows supports the following file systems:

FAT
File Application Table (FAT) is a file system developed for MS-DOS. This file system is
simple in design and applicable to all Windows operating systems of later versions.
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However, FAT has a serious drawback. After a file is deleted, new data is written onto
the file location in chunks, which lowers later data read/write speeds.

FAT32
FAT32 is similar to FAT. One difference is that FAT32 applies to larger disk applications.
FAT supports only 4 GB partitions or volumes whereas those supported by FAT32 can be
up to 2 TB.

NTFS
New Technology File System (NTFS) is a standard file system that applies to Windows
NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008,
Windows Vista, and Windows 7. NTFS takes the place of FAT as the file system for
Microsoft Windows operating systems. NTFS optimizes FAT and High Performance File
System (HPFS). For example, NTFS supports metadata and uses advanced data structure,
which improves performance, reliability, and disk space utilization. NTFS also provides
extended functions such as the access control list (ACL) and file system logs.

exFAT
Extended File Allocation Table File System (exFAT) is a Microsoft file system optimized
for flash drives. exFAT applies to Windows Embedded 5.0 and later (including Windows
CE 5.0, Windows CE 6.0, Windows Mobile 5, Windows Mobile 6, and Windows Mobile
6.1). This file system supports 4 GB or larger files that are not supported by FAT32.
Compared with exFAT, NTFS is inapplicable to flash drives.

ReFS
Resilient File System (ReFS) is a new file system introduced with Windows Server 2012.
ReFS aims to improve the availability and fault tolerance capability in the big data era.
When interworking with Space Storage, ReFS provides a comprehensive, end-to-end,
and flexible storage architecture.
Table 1-1 Comparison among the four file systems
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Specifications
FAT32
NTFS
exFAT
ReFS
Operating system
Versions later
than Win 95
OSR2
Versions later
than Win 2000
Win CE 6/Vista
SP1
Versions later
than Win 2012
Min. sector size
512 B
512 B
512 B
64 KB
Max. sector size
64 KB
64 KB
64 KB
64 KB
Max. file size
2 B to 4 GB
Depending on
the max.
partition
capacity
16 EB
16 EB
Max. formatted
capacity
2 TB (NT
kernel: 32 GB)
2 TB to 256 TB
(depending on
the MBR)
16 EB
(theoretical
value, 256 TB
is supported
currently)
256 ZB using
16 KB cluster
sizes. Windows
stack
addressing: 16
EB
Number of
archives
4,194,304
None
At least 1000
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Table 1-2 lists the restrictions of NTFS with GPT disks.
Table 1-2 Restrictions of NTFS with GPT disks
Allocation Unit Size
Max. NTFS Volume Size
512
2,199,023,255,040 (2 TB)
1024
4,398,046,510,080 (4 TB)
2048
8,796,093,020,160 (8 TB)
4096
17,592,186,040,320 (16 TB)
8192
35,184,372,080,640 (32 TB)
16,384
70,368,744,161,280 (64 TB)
32,768
140,737,488,322,560 (128 TB)
65,536
281,474,976,645,120 (256 TB)
1.3 Common Management Tools and Commands
You need to remotely log in to a Windows host and run management commands on the host.
The following details the login method, management tools, and management commands.
1.3.1 Remote Login
Perform the following steps to manage a host using the remote desktop:
Step 1 Ensure that the network connectivity is normal between the client host and the managed host.
Step 2 Configure the firewall on the managed host.
Click Start and choose Administrative Tools > Windows Firewall with Advanced Security.
On the firewall configuration page that is displayed, enable Remote Desktop (TCP-In) and
File and Printer Sharing (Echo Request – ICMPv4-In) in Inbound Rules, as shown in
Figure 1-2.
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Figure 1-2 Firewall configuration
CAUTION
Inbound rules refer to rules for receiving network information. After Remote Desktop
(TCP-In) is enabled, other devices can access the managed host through the remote desktop.
After File and Printer Sharing (Echo Request – ICMPv4-In) is enabled, other devices on
the network can ping the managed host to check network connectivity.
To prevent security risks, you are advised to restore firewall configurations to the initial state
after completing host commissioning.
Step 3 Ping each other's IP address on the client host and the managed host respectively to verify
firewall configurations.
Step 4 Configure the remote login level on the managed host.
Right-click My Computer and choose Properties from the shortcut menu. In the dialog box
that is displayed, click Change Settings. In the dialog box that is displayed, click the Remote
tab. In Remote Desktop, select Allow Connections from computers running any version
of Remote Desktop (less secure).
Step 5 On the client host, enter mstsc in the Run window to start the remote desktop connection, as
shown in Figure 1-3.
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Figure 1-3 Remote desktop connection
Step 6 In the remote desktop connection dialog box that is displayed, enter the IP address of the
managed host.
Step 7 Enter the user and password of the managed host.
----End
1.3.2 Management Tool
Window provides a powerful computer management tool Server Manager. This tool
provides most host management functions, such as configuring system features, viewing
system logs, managing system services, and monitoring system performance.
This section describes how to start Server Manager and use this tool to manage disks.
Starting Server Manager
Perform the following steps to start Server Manager:
Step 1 On the host, click Start.
Step 2 Right-click Computer and choose Manage from the shortcut menu.
Server Manager is started, as shown in Figure 1-4.
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Figure 1-4 Server Manager
In the navigation tree, choose Storage > Disk Management. The disks available for
management are displayed.
----End
Managing Disks
You can use Server Manager to manage storage resources, such as initializing disks,
partitioning disks, formatting disks, and managing volumes.
In Windows Server 2008 and later versions, you need to set the state of LUNs mapped to the
host for the first time to online in Disk Management. The operating system then marks the
LUNs for identification. This process is disk initialization. Only the initialized disks can be
used by the host in volume management. You need to specify disk partition format when
initializing disks. Available formats are:

Master Boot Record (MBR)

GUID Partition Table (GPT)
In versions earlier than Windows Server 2008, you do not need to set a disk online or specify partition
format. The system uses the default format MBR.
The partition format refers to the method of organizing disk partitions in Windows XP Professional and
Windows Server 2003. For details, see:
http://technet.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/cc738081%28v=ws.10%29.aspx
In Windows, disks are categorized as basic disks and dynamic disks. Only simple volumes
can be created on basic disks. Spanned volumes, mirror volumes, striped volumes, and
RAID-5 volumes are created on dynamic disks. In Windows Server 2008 and later versions,
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the operating system converts basic disks to dynamic disks when spanned volumes (or other
volumes that can only be created on dynamic disks) are created on basic disks.
For details about volume management, see chapter 10 "Volume Management."
1.3.3 Disk Management Commands
Although Windows is a GUI-based operating system, it also provides the powerful diskpart
MS-DOS management commands. The diskpart disk management module can complete all
operations under Disk Management.
Figure 1-5 shows the diskpart commands.
Figure 1-5 diskpart commands in GUI
The preceding commands show the process that three LUNs are initialized and then used to
create a RAID-5 volume.
Step 2 Scan for LUNs.
DISKPART> rescan
Please wait while DiskPart scans your configuration...
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DiskPart has finished scanning your configuration.
DISKPART> list disk
Disk ### Status
Size
Free
Dyn Gpt
-------- ------------- ------- ------- --- --Disk 0
Online
279 GB
0 B
Disk 1
Disk 2
Online
Offline
279 GB 4094 MB
5120 MB 5120 MB
Disk 3
Offline
10 GB
0 B
*
Disk 4
Offline
20 GB
0 B
*
Step 3 Set the state of the LUNs mapped to the host for the first time to online.
DISKPART> select disk 2
Disk 2 is now the selected disk.
DISKPART> online disk
DiskPart successfully onlined the selected disk.
DISKPART> list disk
Disk ### Status
Size
Free
Dyn Gpt
-------- ------------- ------- ------- --- --Disk 0
Disk 1
* Disk 2
Disk 3
Disk 4
Online
Online
279 GB
0 B
279 GB 4094 MB
Online
5120 MB 5120 MB
Offline
Offline
10 GB
20 GB
0 B
0 B
*
*
DISKPART> select disk 3
Disk 3 is now the selected disk.
DISKPART> online disk
DiskPart successfully onlined the selected disk.
DISKPART> list disk
Disk ### Status
Size
Free
Dyn Gpt
-------- ------------- ------- ------- --- --Disk 0
Online
279 GB
0 B
Disk 1
Online
279 GB 4094 MB
Disk 2
* Disk 3
Disk 4
Online
Online
Offline
5120 MB 5120 MB
10 GB
0 B
20 GB
0 B
*
*
DISKPART> select disk 4
Disk 4 is now the selected disk.
DISKPART> online disk
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DiskPart successfully onlined the selected disk.
DISKPART> list disk
Disk ### Status
Size
Free
Dyn Gpt
-------- ------------- ------- ------- --- --Disk 0
Online
279 GB
0 B
Disk 1
Disk 2
Online
Online
279 GB 4094 MB
5120 MB 5120 MB
Disk 3
Online
10 GB
0 B
*
* Disk 4
Online
20 GB
0 B
*
Step 4 Convert disks to dynamic disks.
DISKPART> select disk 2
Disk 2 is now the selected disk.
DISKPART> convert dynamic
DiskPart successfully converted the selected disk to dynamic format.
DISKPART> select disk 3
Disk 3 is now the selected disk.
DISKPART> convert dynamic
DiskPart successfully converted the selected disk to dynamic format.
DISKPART> select disk 4
Disk 4 is now the selected disk.
DISKPART> convert dynamic
DiskPart successfully converted the selected disk to dynamic format.
Step 5 Create a RAID-5 volume.
DISKPART> list volume
Volume ### Ltr Label
Fs
Type
Size
Status
Info
---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- -------Volume 0
System Rese NTFS Partition
350 MB Healthy
System
Volume 1
C
NTFS
Partition
160 GB Healthy
Boot
DISKPART> create volume raid size=50 disk=2,3,4
DiskPart successfully created the volume.
DISKPART> list volume
Volume ### Ltr Label
Fs
Type
Size
Status
Info
---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- -------Volume 0
System Rese NTFS Partition
350 MB Healthy
System
Volume 1
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C
NTFS
Partition
160 GB Healthy
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* Volume 2
1 Windows Operating System
RAW
RAID-5
100 MB Healthy
Step 6 Format the volume.
DISKPART> format
100 percent completed
DiskPart successfully formatted the volume.
DISKPART> list volume
Volume ### Ltr Label
Fs
Type
Size
Status
Info
---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- -------Volume 0
Volume 1
C
System Rese NTFS Partition
350 MB Healthy
System
NTFS Partition
160 GB Healthy
Boot
* Volume 2
NTFS
RAID-5
100 MB Healthy
Step 7 Mount the file system.
DISKPART> assign
DiskPart successfully assigned the drive letter or mount point.
DISKPART> list volume
Volume ### Ltr Label
Fs
Type
Size
Status
Info
---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- -------Volume 0
Volume 1
C
* Volume 2
D
System Rese NTFS Partition
350 MB Healthy
System
NTFS Partition
160 GB Healthy
Boot
NTFS
RAID-5
100 MB Healthy
----End
Compared with the GUI-based disk management, the CLI disk management commands in Windows are
complex. However, those CLI commands are very useful in automatic management and tests.
1.4 Interoperability Between Windows and Storage
Systems
When connecting a storage system to a Windows host, consider the interoperability of
upper-layer applications and components (such as storage systems, Windows systems, HBAs,
and switches) in the environment.
For more information about interoperability between Huawei storage systems and Windows
hosts, see the interoperability matrices of the storage systems. You can obtain interoperability
matrices at:
http://3ms.huawei.com/mm/docNav/mmNavigate.do?method=showMMList&node_id=1-2-35
621-39226-39244-39256
The page to which the preceding link navigates contains interoperability matrices of all
Huawei storage systems.
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2
Network Planning
Windows hosts and storage systems can be networked based on different criteria.
Table 2-1 Networking modes
Criteria
Networking Mode
Interface module type
Fibre Channel network/iSCSI network
Whether switches are
used
Direct-connection network (no switches are used)/Switch-based
network (switches are used)
Whether multiple paths
exist
Single-path network/Multi-path network
A Fibre Channel network is the most widely used network for Windows operating systems. To
ensure service data security, both direct-connection network and switch-based network are
multi-path networks.
The following details commonly used Fibre Channel and iSCSI networks.
2.1 Fibre Channel Network Diagram
2.1.1 Multi-Path Direct-Connection Network
Huawei provides dual-controller and multi-controller storage systems, whose network
diagrams differ. The following describes network diagrams of dual-controller and
multi-controller storage systems respectively.
Dual-Controller
The following uses HUAWEI OceanStor S5500T as an example to explain how to connect a
Windows host to a storage system over a Fibre Channel multi-path direct-connection network,
as shown in Figure 2-2.
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Figure 2-1 Fibre Channel multi-path direct-connection network diagram (dual-controller)
On this network, both controllers of the storage system are connected to the host's HBA through optical
fibers.
Multi-Controller
The following uses HUAWEI OceanStor 18800 (four-controller) as an example to explain
how to connect a Windows host to a storage system over a Fibre Channel multi-path
direct-connection network, as shown in Figure 2-2.
Figure 2-2 Fibre Channel multi-path direct-connection network diagram (four-controller)
On this network, the four controllers of the storage system are connected to the host's HBAs through
optical fibers.
2.1.2 Multi-Path Switch-based Network
Huawei provides dual-controller and multi-controller storage systems, whose network
diagrams differ. The following describes network diagrams of dual-controller and
multi-controller storage systems respectively.
Dual-Controller
The following uses HUAWEI OceanStor S5500T as an example to explain how to connect a
Windows host to a storage system over a Fibre Channel multi-path switch-based network, as
shown in Figure 2-3.
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Figure 2-3 Fibre Channel multi-path switch-based network diagram (dual-controller)
On this network, the storage system is connected to the host via two switches. Both controllers of the
storage system are connected to the switches through optical fibers and both switches are connected to
the host through optical fibers. To ensure the connectivity between the host and the storage system, each
zone contains only one storage port and its corresponding host port.
Multi-Controller
The following uses HUAWEI OceanStor 18800 (four-controller) as an example to explain
how to connect a Windows host to a storage system over a Fibre Channel multi-path
switch-based network, as shown in Figure 2-4.
Figure 2-4 Fibre Channel multi-path switch-based network diagram (four-controller)
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On this network, the storage system is connected to the host via two switches. All controllers of the
storage system are connected to the switches through optical fibers and both switches are connected to
the host through optical fibers. To ensure the connectivity between the host and the storage system, each
zone contains only one storage port and its corresponding host port.
2.2 iSCSI Network Diagram
2.2.1 Multi-Path Direct-Connection Network
Huawei provides dual-controller and multi-controller storage systems, whose network
diagrams differ. The following describes network diagrams of dual-controller and
multi-controller storage systems respectively.
Dual-Controller
The following uses HUAWEI OceanStor S5500T as an example to explain how to connect a
Windows host to a storage system over an iSCSI multi-path direct-connection network, as
shown in Figure 2-5.
Figure 2-5 iSCSI multi-path direct-connection network diagram (dual-controller)
On this network, both controllers of the storage system are connected to the host's network adapter
through Ethernet cables.
Multi-Controller
The following uses HUAWEI OceanStor 18800 (four-controller) as an example to explain
how to connect a Windows host to a storage system over an iSCSI multi-path
direct-connection network, as shown in Figure 2-6.
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Figure 2-6 iSCSI multi-path direct-connection network diagram (four-controller)
On this network, the four controllers of the storage system are connected to the host's network adapter
through Ethernet cables.
2.2.2 Multi-Path Switch-based Network
Huawei provides dual-controller and multi-controller storage systems, whose network
diagrams differ. The following describes network diagrams of dual-controller and
multi-controller storage systems respectively.
Dual-Controller
The following uses HUAWEI OceanStor S5500T as an example to explain how to connect a
Windows host to a storage system over an iSCSI multi-path switch-based network, as shown
in Figure 2-7.
Figure 2-7 iSCSI multi-path switch-based network diagram (dual-controller)
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On this network, the storage system is connected to the host via two Ethernet switches. Both controllers
of the storage system are connected to the switches through Ethernet cables and both switches are
connected to the host's network adapter through Ethernet cables. To ensure the connectivity between the
host and the storage system, each VLAN contains only one storage port and its corresponding host port.
Multi-Controller
The following uses HUAWEI OceanStor 18800 (four-controller) as an example to explain
how to connect a Windows host to a storage system over an iSCSI multi-path switch-based
network, as shown in Figure 2-8.
Figure 2-8 iSCSI multi-path switch-based network diagram (four-controller)
On this network, the storage system is connected to the host via two Ethernet switches. All controllers of
the storage system are connected to the switches through Ethernet cables and both switches are
connected to the host's network adapter through Ethernet cables. To ensure the connectivity between the
host and the storage system, each VLAN contains only one storage port and its corresponding host port.
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3
3 Preparations Before Configuration (on a Host)
Preparations Before Configuration (on a
Host)
Before connecting a host to a storage system, make sure that the host HBAs are identified and
working correctly. You also need to obtain the WWNs of HBA ports. The WWNs will be used
in subsequent configuration on the storage system.
This chapter details how to check the HBA status and query WWNs of HBA ports.
3.1 HBA Identification
After an HBA is installed on a host, you can view whether the HBA exists in Device
Management. If the HBA exists, the physical connection of the HBA is correct. Then check
whether there is a question mark or exclamation mark on the HBA name. If there is no such
mark, the HBA driver is normal. If an HBA is a Fibre Channel HBA, insert the optical module.
Then check whether the driver is installed correctly by viewing whether light comes out from
the optical module outlet.
Figure 3-1 Checking HBA installation in Device Manager
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3 Preparations Before Configuration (on a Host)
3.2 HBA Properties
After an HBA is installed on a host and the host is powered on, open Device Management to
check whether the HBA is identified and whether the driver needs to be installed manually.
Further management of the HBA requires that the corresponding management software be
installed.
Table 3-1 lists the management tools of mainstream HBAs.
Table 3-1 Management tools of mainstream HBAs
Vendor
Management Software
QLogic
Sansurfer
Emulex
OneCommmand Manager
Brocade
Brocade Adapter Software
ATTO
Windows Host Adapter Utilities
In addition, you can download the query program Fibre Channel Information Tool at:
http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=17530
After the software is installed, run fcinfo on the DOS CLI to obtain the HBA information, as
shown in Figure 3-2.
Figure 3-2 Run the fcinfo command to query HBA information
3.3 Windows Disk Timeout
If a host's request for disk data has no response during a disk timeout, the operating system of
the host considers no response as normal. However, if the host still receives no response after
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the disk timeout expires, the host operating system reports an error or abandons this data
request.
By default, the disk timeout in Windows is 60 seconds. The disk timeout can be changed in
some special conditions, for example, installing drivers. In this case, you need to change the
disk timeout to 60 seconds.
The following explains how to change the disk timeout in the registry.
Step 1 Run the CMD command regedit to start Registry Editor.
Step 2 Choose HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE > System > CurrentControlSet > Services > Disks.
Step 3 In the function pane, check whether TimeOutValue exists.

If no, right-click the function pane and choose New > DWORD Value. Set the name to
TimeOutValue and go to step 4.

If yes, double-click TimeOutValue and go to step 4.
Step 4 In Value data, enter a desired value. You can specify the value format. Available formats are
Hexadecimal and Decimal, as shown in Figure 3-3.
Figure 3-3 Configuring disk timeout in the registry
Step 5 Restart the host for the change to take effect.
----End
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3.4 iSCSI Initiator Driver Timeout
During an iSCSI initiator driver timeout, a host can still send device files to upper-layer
applications when links to the host are down.
If multipathing software is installed, the iSCSI initiator driver timeout needs to be changed so
that the multipathing software can receive link errors in a timely manner and then initiates a
path switchover.
To change the iSCSI initiator driver timeout in the registry, perform the following steps:
Step 1 Run the CMD command regedit to start Registry Editor.
Step 2 Query the registry key.
Choose HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE > System > CurrentControlSet > Control > Class >
{4D36E97B-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318} > Instance Number > Parameters, as
shown in Figure 3-4.
Figure 3-4 Changing the iSCSI initiator driver timeout
Step 3 Modify the registry key.
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By default, LinkDownTime and MaxRequestHoldTime are 15 seconds and 60 seconds
respectively. On a multi-path network, the path failover time decreases with the values of the
two parameters.
CAUTION
For details about how to configure LinkDownTime and MaxRequestHoldTime, see:
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/san/archive/2008/07/27/microsoft-iscsi-software-initiator-isns-server
-timers-quick-reference.aspx
If UltraPath is installed, run CMD command iscsiconfig get timeout value to query the iSCSI
initiator driver timeout and then run iscsiconfig set timeout xxx to specify the timeout.
Step 4 Restart the host for the change to take effect.
----End
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4
4 Preparations Before Configuration (on a Storage System)
Preparations Before Configuration (on a
Storage System)
Make sure that RAID groups, LUNs, and hosts are correctly created on the storage systems.
These configurations are common and therefore not detailed here.
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5
5 Configuring Switches
Configuring Switches
Windows hosts and storage systems can be connected over a Fibre Channel switch-based
network, an iSCSI switch-based network, and an FCoE switch-based network. The three types
of networks use Fibre Channel switches, Ethernet switches, and FCoE switches respectively.
This chapter describes how to configure those switches.
5.1 Fibre Channel Switch
The commonly used Fibre Channel switches are mainly from Brocade and QLogic. The
following uses a Brocade switch as an example to explain how to configure switches.
5.1.1 Querying the Switch Model and Version
Perform the following steps to query the switch model and version:
Step 1 Log in to the Brocade switch from a web page.
On the web page, enter the IP address of the Brocade switch. The Web Tools switch login
dialog box is displayed. Enter the account and password. The default account and password
are admin and password. The switch management page is displayed.
CAUTION
Web Tools works correctly only when Java is installed on the host. Java 1.6 or later is
recommended.
Step 2 View the switch information.
On the switch management page that is displayed, click Switch Information. The switch
information is displayed, as shown in Figure 5-1.
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Figure 5-1 Switch information
Note the following parameters:

Fabric OS version: indicates the switch version information. The interoperability
between switches and storage systems varies with the switch version. Only switches of
authenticated versions can interconnect correctly with storage systems.

Type: This parameter is a decimal consists of an integer and a decimal fraction. The
integer indicates the switch model and the decimal fraction indicates the switch template
version. You only need to pay attention to the switch model. Table 5-1 describes switch
model mapping.
Table 5-1 Mapping between switch types and names
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Switch
Type
Switch Name
Switch
Type
Switch Name
1
Brocade 1000 Switch
58
Brocade 5000 Switch
2,6
Brocade 2800 Switch
61
Brocade 4424 Embedded
Switch
3
Brocade 2100, 2400 Switches
62
Brocade DCX Backbone
4
Brocade 20x0, 2010, 2040,
2050 Switches
64
Brocade 5300 Switch
5
Brocade 22x0, 2210, 2240,
2250 Switches
66
Brocade 5100 Switch
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Switch
Type
Switch Name
Switch
Type
Switch Name
7
Brocade 2000 Switch
67
Brocade Encryption Switch
9
Brocade 3800 Switch
69
Brocade 5410 Blade
10
Brocade 12000 Director
70
Brocade 5410 Embedded
Switch
12
Brocade 3900 Switch
71
Brocade 300 Switch
16
Brocade 3200 Switch
72
Brocade 5480 Embedded
Switch
17
Brocade 3800VL
73
Brocade 5470 Embedded
Switch
18
Brocade 3000 Switch
75
Brocade M5424 Embedded
Switch
21
Brocade 24000 Director
76
Brocade 8000 Switch
22
Brocade 3016 Switch
77
Brocade DCX-4S
Backbone
26
Brocade 3850 Switch
83
Brocade 7800 Extension
Switch
27
Brocade 3250 Switch
86
Brocade 5450 Embedded
Switch
29
Brocade 4012 Embedded
Switch
87
Brocade 5460 Embedded
Switch
32
Brocade 4100 Switch
90
Brocade 8470 Embedded
Switch
33
Brocade 3014 Switch
92
Brocade VA-40FC Switch
34
Brocade 200E Switch
95
Brocade VDX 6720-24
Data Center Switch
37
Brocade 4020 Embedded
Switch
96
Brocade VDX 6730-32
Data Center Switch
38
Brocade 7420 SAN Router
97
Brocade VDX 6720-60
Data Center Switch
40
Fibre Channel Routing (FCR)
Front Domain
98
Brocade VDX 6730-76
Data Center Switch
41
Fibre Channel Routing,
(FCR) Xlate Domain
108
Dell M8428-k FCoE
Embedded Switch
42
Brocade 48000 Director
109
Brocade 6510 Switch
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Switch
Type
Switch Name
Switch
Type
Switch Name
43
Brocade 4024 Embedded
Switch
116
Brocade VDX 6710 Data
Center Switch
44
Brocade 4900 Switch
117
Brocade 6547 Embedded
Switch
45
Brocade 4016 Embedded
Switch
118
Brocade 6505 Switch
46
Brocade 7500 Switch
120
Brocade DCX 8510-8
Backbone
51
Brocade 4018 Embedded
Switch
121
Brocade DCX 8510-4
Backbone
55.2
Brocade 7600 Switch

Ethernet IPv4: indicates the switch IP address.

Effective Configuration: indicates the currently effective configurations. This parameter
is important and is related to zone configurations. In this example, the currently effective
configuration is ss.
5.1.2 Configuring Zones
Zone configuration is important for Fibre Channel switches. Perform the following steps to
configure switch zones:
Step 1 Log in to the Brocade switch from a web page. This step is the same as that in section 5.1.1
"Querying the Switch Model and Version."
Step 2 Check the switch port status.
Normally, the switch port indicators are steady green, as shown in Figure 5-2.
Figure 5-2 Switch port indicator status
If the port indicators are abnormal, check the topology mode and rate. Proceed with the next
step after all indicators are normal.
Step 3 Go to the Zone Admin page.
In the navigation tree of Web Tools, choose Task > Manage > Zone Admin. You can also
choose Manage > Zone Admin in the navigation bar.
Step 4 Check whether the switch identifies hosts and storage systems.
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On the Zone Admin page, click the Zone tab. In Ports&Attached Devices, check whether
all related ports are identified, as shown in Figure 5-3.
Figure 5-3 Zone tab page
The preceding figure shows that ports 1,8 and 1,9 in use are correctly identified by the switch.
Step 5 Create a zone.
On the Zone tab page, click New Zone to create a new zone and name it zone_8_9. Select
ports 1,8 and 1,9 and click Add Member to add them to the new zone, as shown in Figure
5-4.
Figure 5-4 Zone configuration
Step 6 Add the new zone to the configuration file and activate the new zone.
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On the Zone Admin page, click the Zone Config tab. In the Name drop-down list, choose the
currently effective configuration ss.
In Member Selection List, select zone zone_8_9 and click Add Member to add it to the
configuration file.
Click Save Config to save the configuration and click Enable Config to make the
configuration effective.
Figure 5-5 shows the Zone Config page.
Figure 5-5 Zone Config tab page
Step 7 Verify that the configuration takes effect.
In the navigation tree of Web Tools, choose Task > Monitor > Name Server to go to the
Name Server page. You can also choose Monitor > Name Server in the navigation bar.
Figure 5-6 shows the Name Server page.
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Figure 5-6 Name Server page
The preceding figure shows that ports 8 and 9 are members of zone_8_9 that is now effective.
An effective zone is marked by an asterisk (*).
----End
5.1.3 Precautions
Note the following when connecting a Brocade switch to a storage system at a rate of 8
Gbit/s:

The topology mode of the storage system must be set to switch.

fill word of ports through which the switch is connected to the storage system must be
set to 0. To configure this parameter, run the portcfgfillword <port number> 0
command on the switch.
Note the following when connecting a Brocade switch to a storage system at a rate of 8
Gbit/s:

When the switch is connected to module HP VC 8Gb 20-port FC or HP VC
FlexFabric 10Gb/24-port, change the switch configuration. For details, visit:
https://h20566.www2.hp.com/portal/site/hpsc/template.PAGE/public/psi/troubleshootDis
play/?javax.portlet.prp_efb5c0793523e51970c8fa22b053ce01=wsrp-navigationalState%
3DdocId%3Demr_na-c02619780%7CdocLocale%3Dzh_CN&lang=en&javax.portlet.be
gCacheTok=com.vignette.cachetoken&sp4ts.oid=3984629&javax.portlet.endCacheTok=
com.vignette.cachetoken&javax.portlet.tpst=efb5c0793523e51970c8fa22b053ce01&hpa
ppid=sp4ts&cc=US&ac.admitted=1337927146324.876444892.199480143
5.2 Ethernet Switch
This section describes how to configure Ethernet switches, including configuring VLANs and
binding ports.
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5.2.1 Configuring VLANs
On an Ethernet network to which many hosts are connected, a large number of broadcast
packets are generated during the host communication. Broadcast packets sent from one host
will be received by all other hosts on the network, consuming more bandwidth. Moreover, all
hosts on the network can access each other, resulting data security risks.
To save bandwidth and prevent security risks, hosts on an Ethernet network are divided into
multiple logical groups. Each logical group is a VLAN. The following uses HUAWEI
Quidway 2700 Ethernet switch as an example to explain how to configure VLANs.
In the following example, two VLANs (VLAN 1000 and VLAN 2000) are created. VLAN
1000 contains ports GE 1/0/1 to 1/0/16. VLAN 2000 contains ports GE 1/0/20 to 1/0/24.
Step 1 Go to the system view.
<Quidway>system-view
System View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z.
Step 2 Create VLAN 1000 and add ports to it.
[Quidway]VLAN 1000
[Quidway-vlan1000]port GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 to GigabitEthernet 1/0/16
Step 3 Configure the IP address of VLAN 1000.
[Quidway-vlan1000]interface VLAN 1000
[Quidway-Vlan-interface1000]ip address 1.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
Step 4 Create VLAN 2000, add ports, and configure the IP address.
[Quidway]VLAN 2000
[Quidway-vlan2000]port GigabitEthernet 1/0/20 to GigabitEthernet 1/0/24
[Quidway-vlan2000]interface VLAN 2000
[Quidway-Vlan-interface2000]ip address 2.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
----End
5.2.2 Binding Ports
When storage systems and hosts are connected in point-to-point mode, existing bandwidth
may be insufficient for storage data transmission. Moreover, devices cannot be redundantly
connected in point-to-point mode. To address these problems, ports are bound (link
aggregation). Port binding can improve bandwidth and balance load among multiple links.
Link Aggregation Modes
Three Ethernet link aggregation modes are available:

Manual aggregation
Manually run a command to add ports to an aggregation group. Ports added to the
aggregation group must have the same link type.

Static aggregation
Manually run a command to add ports to an aggregation group. Ports added to the
aggregation group must have the same link type and LACP enabled.

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The protocol dynamically adds ports to an aggregation group. Ports added in this way must
have LACP enabled and the same speed, duplex mode, and link type.
Table 5-2 compares the three link aggregation modes.
Table 5-2 Comparison of link aggregation modes
Link Aggregation
Mode
Packet Exchange
Port Detection
CPU Usage
Manual aggregation
No
No
Low
Static aggregation
Yes
Yes
High
Dynamic
aggregation
Yes
Yes
High
Procedure
HUAWEI OceanStor storage devices support 802.3ad link aggregation (dynamic aggregation).
In this link aggregation mode, multiple network ports are in an active aggregation group and
work in duplex mode and at the same speed. After binding iSCSI host ports on a storage
device, enable aggregation for their peer ports on a switch. Otherwise, links are unavailable
between the storage device and the switch.
This section uses switch ports GE 1/0/1 and GE 1/0/2 and iSCSI host ports P2 and P3 as
examples to explain how to bind ports. You can adjust related parameters based on site
requirements.
Bind the iSCSI host ports.
Step 1 Log in to the ISM and go to the page for binding ports.
In the ISM navigation tree, choose Device Info > Storage Unit > Ports. In the function pane,
click iSCSI Host Ports.
Step 2 Bind ports.
Select the ports that you want to bind and choose Bind Ports > Bind in the menu bar. In this
example, the ports to be bound are P2 and P3.
The Bind iSCSI Port dialog box is displayed. In Bond name, enter the name for the port
bond and click OK.
The Warning dialog box is displayed. In the Warning dialog box, select I have read the
warning message carefully and click OK.
The Information dialog box is displayed, indicating that the operation succeeded. Click OK.
After the storage system ports are bound, configure link aggregation on the switch. Run the
following command on the switch:
<Quidway>system-view
System View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z.
[Quidway-Switch]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[Quidway-Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/19]lacp enable
LACP is already enabled on the port!
[Quidway-Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/19]quit
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[Quidway-Switch]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2
[Quidway-Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/20]lacp enable
LACP is already enabled on the port!
[Quidway-Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/20]quit
After the command is executed, LACP is enabled for ports GE 1/0/1 and GE 1/0/2. Then the
ports can be automatically detected and added to an aggregation group.
----End
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6
6 Establishing Fibre Channel Connections
Establishing Fibre Channel Connections
After connecting a host to a storage system, check the topology modes of the host and the
storage system. Fibre Channel connections are established between the host and the storage
system after host initiators are identified by the storage system. The following describes how
to check topology modes and add initiators.
6.1 Checking Topology Modes
There are three topology modes available to Fibre Channel networks: point-to-point,
arbitrated loop, and switches fabric. Table 6-1 compares the three topology modes.
Table 6-1 Comparison among the three topology modes
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Property
Point-to-Point
Arbitrated Loop
Switched Fabric
Number of ports
2
2 to 127
Up to 224
Max. bandwidth
Link rate x 2
Link rate x 2
Link rate x Number
of ports
Bandwidth
allocation rule
Dedicated
Shared by ports in a
loop
Allocated by
switches
Address allocation
mechanism
N_Port Login
Loop initialization or
Fabric Login
Fabric Login
Number of
concurrent
channels
1
1
Number of ports/2
Impact of port
failures
Link failure
Loop failure (when
port bypass is
unavailable)
Links fail between
the failed port and
switches
Scalability
Extra
point-to-point links
Public loop
Expansion switch
High reliability
Redundant ports
and point-to-point
links
Dual-loop and
dual-port
Redundancy switch
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Property
Point-to-Point
Arbitrated Loop
Switched Fabric
Link rate
All
All (The link rates to
devices on a loop must
be the same.)
All (support for
mixing rate)
Media type
All
All
All
Service category
All
Categories 1, 2, 3
All
Frame transfer
order
Organized
Organized
Unorganized
Congestion
No
Yes
No
On a direct-connection network, the topology mode of the storage system must be the same as
that of HBAs.
To learn about port adaption of storage systems, refer to the related version mappings.
The method for checking topology modes varies with storage systems. The following
describes how to check the topology mode of the OceanStor T series storage system and the
OceanStor 18000 series enterprise storage system.
6.1.2 OceanStor T Series Storage System
The check method is as follows:
In the ISM navigation tree, choose Device Info > Storage Unit > Ports. In the function pane,
click FC Host Ports. Select a port connected to the host and then view the port details, as
shown in Figure 6-1.
Figure 6-1 Fibre Channel port details
As shown in the preceding figure, the topology mode of the OceanStor T series storage
system is Public Loop.
6.1.3 OceanStor 18000 Series Enterprise Storage System
The check method is as follows:
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In the ISM navigation tree, choose System. Then click the device view icon in the upper right
corner. Choose Controller Enclosure ENG0 > Controller > Interface Module > FC Port
and click the port whose details that you want to view, as shown in Figure 6-2.
In the navigation tree, you can see controller A and controller B, each of which has different interface
modules. Choose a controller and an interface module based on actual conditions.
Figure 6-2 Fibre Channel port details
As shown in the preceding figure, the port working mode of the OceanStor 18000 series
enterprise storage system is P2P.
6.2 Adding Initiators
This section describes how to add host HBA initiators on a storage system. Perform the
following steps to add initiators:
Step 1 Check HBA WWNs on the host.
Step 2 Check host WWNs on the storage system and add the identified WWNs to the host.
The method for checking host WWNs varies with storage systems. The following describes
how to check WWNs on the OceanStor T series storage system and the OceanStor 18000
storage system.

OceanStor T Series Storage System
Log in to the ISM and choose SAN Services > Mappings > Initiators in the navigation
tree. In the function pane, check the initiator information. Ensure that the WWNs in step
1 are identified. If the WWNs are not identified, check the Fibre Channel port status.
Ensure that the port status is normal.

OceanStor 18000 Series Enterprise Storage System
Log in to the ISM and choose Host in the navigation tree. On the Host tab page that is
displayed, select a host, click Add Initiator, and check that the WWNs in step 1 are
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found. If the WWNs are not identified, check the Fibre Channel port status. Ensure that
the port status is normal.
----End
6.3 Establishing Connections
Add the WWNs (initiators) to the host and ensure that the initiator connection status is
Online.
If the initiator status is Online, Fibre Channel connections are established correctly.
If the initiator status is Offline, check the physical links and topology mode.
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7 Establishing iSCSI Connections
Establishing iSCSI Connections
IP addresses and iSCSI services need to be configured before you establish iSCSI connections.
The procedure for establishing iSCSI connections is as follows:
1
Confirm that required software packages are installed on the host.
2
Configure service IP addresses on the host and the storage system.
3
Configure iSCSI initiators on the host.
4
Check the iSCSI targets of the storage system.
5
Configure the iSCSI service on the host.
6
Check initiators on the storage system and establish connection.
7.1 Checking Windows iSCSI Initiator Software
Windows Server 2008 and later has built-in iSCSI Initiator software. If your operating system
version is earlier than Windows Server 2008, download the iSCSI Initiator installation
package, as shown in Figure 7-1.
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Figure 7-1 iSCSI Initiator page
You are advised to install Windows iSCSI Initiator 2.08 or later.
7.2 Configuring Storage Service IP Addresses
Storage systems and hosts use IP addresses to identify each other in iSCSI services. Therefore,
service IP addresses must be configured for storage systems and hosts.
Different versions of storage systems support different IP protocols. Specify the IP protocols
for storage systems based on actual storage system versions and application scenarios.
Observe the following principles when configuring IP addresses of iSCSI ports on storage
systems:
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
The IP addresses of an iSCSI host port and a management network port must reside on
different network segments.

The IP addresses of an iSCSI host port and a heartbeat network port must reside on
different network segments.

The IP addresses of the iSCSI host ports on the same controller cannot be in the same
network segment.
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CAUTION
Read-only users are not allowed to modify the IP address of an iSCSI host port.
Modifying the IP address of an iSCSI host port will interrupt the services on the port.
The IP address configuration varies with storage systems. The following explains how to
configure IPv4 addresses on the OceanStor T series storage system and the OceanStor 18000
series enterprise storage system.
7.2.1 OceanStor T Series Storage System
Perform the following steps:
Step 1 In the ISM navigation tree, choose Device Info > Storage Unit > Ports. In the function pane,
click iSCSI Host Ports.
Select a port and choose IP Address > Modify IPv4 Address in the tool bar, as shown in
Figure 7-2.
Figure 7-2 Modifying IPv4 addresses
Step 2 In the ISM navigation tree, choose Device Info > Storage Unit > Ports. In the function pane,
click iSCSI Host Ports.
In the dialog box that is displayed, enter the new IP address and subnet mask and click OK.
----End
7.2.2 OceanStor 18000 Series Enterprise Storage System
Perform the following steps:
Step 1 Go to the iSCSI Host Port dialog box.
Then perform the following steps:
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1
On the right navigation bar, click
.
2
In the basic information area of the function pane, click the device icon.
3
In the middle function pane, click the cabinet whose iSCSI ports you want to view.
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4
Click the controller enclosure where the desired iSCSI host ports reside. The controller
enclosure view is displayed.
5
Click
6
Click the iSCSI host port whose information you want to modify.
7
The iSCSI Host Port dialog box is displayed.
8
Click Modify.
to switch to the rear view.
Step 2 Modify the iSCSI host port.
1
In IPv4 Address or IPv6 Address, enter the IP address of the iSCSI host port.
2
In Subnet Mask or Prefix, enter the subnet mask or prefix of the iSCSI host port.
3
In MTU (Byte), enter the maximum size of data packet that can be transferred between
the iSCSI host port and the host. The value is an integer ranging from 1500 to 9216.
Step 3 Confirm the iSCSI host port modification.
1
Click Apply. The Danger dialog box is displayed.
2
Carefully read the contents of the dialog box. Then click the check box next to the
statement I have read the previous information and understood subsequences of the
operation to confirm the information.
3
Click OK. The Success dialog box is displayed, indicating that the operation succeeded.
4
Click OK.
----End
7.3 Host
7.3.1 Configuring IP Addresses on a Host
Perform the following steps to configure IP address on a host:
Step 1 Choose Control Panel > Network and Internet > Network Connections. Right-click the
desired network port and choose Properties from the shortcut menu.
Step 2 Double-click Internet Protocol Version 4. In the dialog box that is displayed, configure the
IPv4 address, as shown in Figure 7-3.
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Figure 7-3 Modifying IPv4 addresses
Select Use the following IP address and configure the following parameters:

IP address

Subnet mask

Default gateway
----End
7.3.2 Configuring Initiators on a Host
Perform the following steps to configure initiators on a host:
Step 1 Ensure that the network connectivity is normal between the host and the storage system.
Ping each other's IP address on the host and storage system respectively.
Step 2 Enter a name for the initiator.
On the iSCSI Initiator Properties page, click the Configuration tab and enter the initiator
name, as shown in Figure 7-4.
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Figure 7-4 Entering the initiator name
In this example, the initiator name is iqn.1991-05.com.microsoft:win-bs.1s108mrc2.
An iSCSI initiator name must comply with the following format:
iqn.domaindate.reverse.domain.name:optional name
An iSCSI initiator name contains only:

Special characters: hyphens (-), periods (.), and semicolons (:)

Lower-case letters, for example, a to z

Digits, for example, 0 to 9
Step 3 Discover the target.
On the Discovery tab page, click Discover Portal. In the dialog box that is displayed, enter
the IP address of the storage system, as shown in Figure 7-5.
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Figure 7-5 Configuring the target IP address
Keep the default iSCSI port 3260 unchanged.
Step 4 Set up connections.
On the Target tab page, select the newly discovered target and click Connect. Check whether
the connection status of the target is connected. If yes, the connections are correctly set up
between the host and the storage system.
----End
7.3.3 Establishing Connections
After completing configurations on the host, discover initiators on the storage system. The
method of adding initiators and LUNs are the same as those in establishing Fibre Channel
connections. For details, see 6.3 "Establishing Connections."
7.4 Configuring CHAP Authentication
CHAP authentication is configured to protect iSCSI link security. After CHAP authentication
is configured, a host can connect a discovered target only after correct user name and
password are provided.
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The following describes how to configure CHAP authentication on a host and storage system
respectively.
7.4.1 Storage System
The method for configuring CHAP authentication varies with storage systems. The following
describes how to configure CHAP authentication on the OceanStor T series storage system
and the OceanStor 18000 series enterprise storage system.
OceanStor T Series Storage System
Perform the following steps:
Step 1 Go to the CHAP configuration page.
In the ISM navigation tree, choose SAN Services > Mappings > Initiators. In the function
pane, select the initiator whose CHAP authentication you want to configure and choose
CHAP > CHAP Configuration in the navigation bar, as shown in Figure 7-6.
Figure 7-6 Initiator CHAP configuration
Step 2 In the CHAP Configuration dialog box that is displayed, click Create in the lower right
corner, as shown in Figure 7-7.
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Figure 7-7 CHAP Configuration dialog box
In the Create CHAP dialog box that is displayed, enter the CHAP user name and password,
as shown in Figure 7-8.
Figure 7-8 Create CHAP dialog box
CAUTION
The CHAP user name contains 4 to 25 characters and the password contains 12 to 16
characters.
The limitations to CHAP user name and password vary with storage systems. For details, see
the help documentation of corresponding storage systems.
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Step 3 Assign the CHAP user name and password to the initiator, as shown in Figure 7-9.
Figure 7-9 Assigning the CHAP account to the initiator
Step 4 Enable the CHAP account that is assigned to the host.
In the ISM navigation tree, choose SAN Services > Mappings > Initiators. In the function
pane, select the initiator whose CHAP account is to be enabled and choose CHAP > Status
Settings in the navigation bar, as shown in Figure 7-10.
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Figure 7-10 Setting CHAP status
Step 5 In the Status Settings dialog box that is displayed, choose Enabled from the CHAP Status
drop-down list, as shown in Figure 7-11.
Figure 7-11 Enabling CHAP
On the ISM, view the initiator status, as shown in Figure 7-12.
Figure 7-12 Initiator status after CHAP is enabled
----End
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OceanStor 18000 Series Enterprise Storage System
Perform the following steps:
Step 1 Select the initiator for whose CHAP authentication you want to configure. The initiator
configuration dialog box is displayed.
Step 2 Select Enable CHAP. The CHAP configuration dialog box is displayed.
Step 3 Enter the user name and password of CHAP authentication and click OK.
CHAP authentication is configured on the storage system.
----End
7.4.2 Host
Configuring CHAP Information
Go to the Target tab page, select the desired target, and click Connect. On the dialog box that
is displayed, click Advanced. In the dialog box that is displayed, enter the user name and
password configured on the storage system, as shown in Figure 7-13.
Figure 7-13 Connecting to the target on a host through CHAP authentication
Updating Favorite Target Information
Windows iSCSI Initiator will automatically connect to favorite targets after down links are
recovered. However, when CHAP authentication is configured, iSCSI Initiator will not
automatically update CHAP authentication information about the favorite targets before
automatic target connection. As a result, the automatic target connection may fail. To ensure
correct connection to favorite targets, update favorite target information after configuring
CHAP authentication.
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Perform the following steps:
Step 1 On the Favorite Target tab page of iSCSI Initiator, delete the previously configured target.
Step 2 Reconnect to the iSCSI target. Enter the user name and password of CHAP authentication and
select Add this connection to the list of Favorite Targets.
----End
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8 Mapping and Using LUNs
Mapping and Using LUNs
8.1 LUN mapping
After a storage system is connected to a Windows host, map the storage system LUNs to the
host.
Two methods are available for mapping LUNs:

Mapping LUNs to a host: This method is applicable to scenarios where only one
small-scale client is deployed.

Mapping LUNs to a host group: This method is applicable to cluster environments or
scenarios where multiple clients are deployed.
The method for mapping LUNs varies with storage systems. The following describes how to
map LUNs of the OceanStor T series storage system and the OceanStor 18000 series
enterprise storage system.
8.1.1 OceanStor T Series Storage System
Prerequisites
RAID groups have been created on the storage system. LUNs have been created on the RAID
groups.
Procedure
This document explains how to map LUNs to a host. Perform the following steps to map
LUNs to a host:
Step 1 In the ISM navigation tree, choose SAN Services > Mappings >Hosts.
Step 2 In the function pane, select the desired host. In the navigation bar, choose Mapping > Add
LUN Mapping. The Add LUN Mapping dialog box is displayed.
Step 3 Select LUNs that you want to map to the host and click OK.
----End
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CAUTION
When mapping LUNs on a storage system to a host, ensure that the host LUN whose ID is 0
is mapped.
8.1.2 OceanStor 18000 Series Enterprise Storage System
Prerequisites
LUNs, LUN groups, hosts, and host groups have been created on the storage system.
Procedure
This document explains how to map LUNs to a host. Perform the following steps to map
LUNs to a host:
Step 1 Go to the Create Mapping View dialog box.
Then perform the following steps:
1
On the right navigation bar, click
.
2
On the host management page, click Mapping View.
3
Click Create. The Create Mapping View dialog box is displayed.
Step 2 Set basic properties for the mapping view.
1
In the Name text box, enter a name for the mapping view.
2
(Optional) In the Description text box, describe the mapping view.
Step 3 Add a LUN group to the mapping view.
1
Click
. The Select LUN Group dialog box is displayed.
If your service requires a new LUN group, click Create to create one.
You can select Shows only the LUN groups that do not belong to any mapping view to quickly locate
LUN groups.
2
From the LUN group list, select the LUN groups you want to add to the mapping view.
3
Click OK.
Step 4 Add a host group to the mapping view.
1
Click
.
If your service requires a new host group, click Create to create one.
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2
The Select Host Group dialog box is displayed.
3
From the host group list, select the host group you want to add to the mapping view.
4
Click OK.
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Step 5 (Optional) Add a port group to the mapping view.
1
Select Port Group.
2
Click
3
The Select Port Group dialog box is displayed.
.
If your service requires a new port group, click Create to create one.
4
From the port group list, select the port group you want to add to the mapping view.
5
Click OK.
Step 6 Confirm the creation of the mapping view.
1
Click OK. The Execution Result dialog box is displayed, indicating that the operation
succeeded.
2
Click Close.
----End
8.2 Using the Mapped LUNs
After the mapped LUNs are detected on a host, you can use the LUNs after scanning for them.
For details about how to scan for LUNs, see section 1.3.3 "Disk Management Commands."
If you want to create file systems, use the Windows volume management tool. Creating file
system is simple and therefore not detailed here.
If the host and the storage system are connected over a multi-path network, see chapter 9
"Multipathing Management" to configure the multipathing function.
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9 Multipathing Management
Multipathing Management
9.1 Overview
Windows supports two pieces of multipathing software: UltraPath and Windows Microsoft
Multi-Path IO (MPIO).
UltraPath is a Huawei's self-developed software product. For details, see the UltraPath
product documentation.
MPIO is a framework provided by Microsoft. It allows storage vendors to develop
multipathing solutions that contain the hardware-specific information needed to optimize
connectivity with the storage systems. MPIO can be used independently. This software helps
balance load among multiple paths and implement path selection and failover between storage
systems and hosts.
The chapter details the functions and configuration of MPIO.
9.2 MPIO Policies
MPIO supports six policies: Fail Over Only, Round Robin, Round Robin with Subset
(RRWS), Least Queue Depth, Weighed Paths, and Least Blocks. The following details each
policy.
Fail Over Only
This policy does not perform load balancing. This policy uses a single active path, and the rest
of the paths are standby paths. The active path is used for sending all I/O. If the active path
fails, then one of the standby paths is used. When the failed path is reactivated or reconnected,
the standby path that was activated returns to standby.
Round Robin
This load balancing policy allows the Device Specific Module (DSM) to use all available
paths for MPIO in a balanced way. This is the default policy that is chosen when the storage
controller follows the active-active model and the management application does not
specifically choose a load balancing policy.
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Round Robin with Subset
This load balancing policy allows the application to specify a set of paths to be used in a
round robin fashion, and with a set of standby paths. The DSM uses paths from a primary path
pool for processing requests as long as at least one of the paths is available. The DSM uses a
standby path only when all the primary paths fail. For example, given 4 paths: A, B, C, and D,
paths A, B, and C are listed as primary paths and D is the standby path. The DSM chooses a
path from A, B, and C in round robin fashion as long as at least one of them is available. If all
three paths fail, the DSM uses D, the standby path. If paths A, B, or C become available, the
DSM stops using path D and switches to the available paths among A, B, and C.
Least Queue Depth
This load balancing policy sends I/O down the path with the fewest currently outstanding I/O
requests. For example, consider that there is one I/O sent to LUN 1 on Path 1, and the other
I/O is sent to LUN 2 on Path 2. The cumulative outstanding I/O on Path 1 is 2, and on Path 2
is 0. Therefore, the next I/O for either LUN will process on Path 2.
Weighed Paths
This load balancing policy assigns a weight to each path. The weight indicates the relative
priority of a given path. The large the number, the lower ranked the priority. The DSM
chooses the least-weighted path from among the available paths.
Least Blocks
This load balancing policy sends I/O down the path with the least number of data blocks
currently being processed. For example, consider that there are two I/Os: one is 10 bytes and
the other is 20 bytes. Both are in process on Path 1, and both have completed Path 2. The
cumulative outstanding amount of I/O on Path 1 is 30 bytes. On Path 2, it is 0. Therefore, the
next I/O will process on Path 2.
9.3 Installation and Configuration
9.3.1 Precautions
Registry keys related to MPIO may be changed after other software is installed on the host.
Before using MPIO, make sure that all MPIO-related registry keys are not changed. Pay
special attention to PathVerifyEnabled. You are advised to configure parameters as shown in
Figure 9-1.
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Figure 9-1 Configuring MPIO parameters in the registry
To configure the parameter, run CMD command regedit to start Registry Editor, and choose
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE > SYSTEM > CurrentControlSet > Services > mpio >
Parameters.
CAUTION
The MPIO-related registry keys are changed after software that interworks with MPIO is
installed. In this case, you need to confirm and restore those registry keys to defaults when
using MPIO to manage the mapped LUNs.
9.3.2 Procedure
As a built-in service in Windows, MPIO is disabled by default. You need to manually enable
it. Moreover, ALUA must be configured on storage systems as required. ALUA policies
supported by Huawei storage systems vary. For details, see related product documentation. If
there is no special requirement for a storage system that supports ALUA, configure the
storage system using the method provided in this document. This document uses OceanStor T
series V1 as an example to explain how to configure ALUA. Table 9-1 describes supported
Windows operating systems.
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Table 9-1 Configuring ALUA on the storage system
Operating System
Storage System
Remarks
Windows Server 2008 R2
Enabling ALUA
See the note.
Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1
Windows Server 7
Windows Server 8
Windows Server 2012
Windows Server 2008
Windows Server 2008 SP2
1
After ALUA is enabled or disabled on a storage system, Windows Server 2008 and Windows
Server 2008 SP2 cannot automatically implement optimal path selection. You need to manually
select optimal paths.
2
After ALUA is disabled on a storage system, services will be interrupted when mirror links are
faulty. You are advised to enable ALUA on an OceanStor T series V1 storage system.
This section uses Windows 2008 R2 and the OceanStor T series V1 storage system as
examples to explain how to enable ALUA.
Step 2 Enable ALUA on the storage system.
You can determine whether to enable ALUA when adding an initiator to the host. Choose Yes
in Enable ALUA, as shown in Figure 9-2.
Figure 9-2 Enabling ALUA
Step 3 Add Multipath I/O.
Start Serer Manager, choose Feature, and select Multipath I/O, as shown in Figure 9-3.
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Figure 9-3 Adding Multipath I/O
Step 4 Query device VID and PID.
VID: indicates the vendor ID, for example, HUAWEI.
PID: indicates the product ID, for example, S5500T or S5600T.
In Device Management, right-click the SCSI device that you want to add and choose
Properties from the shortcut menu. In the dialog box that is displayed, choose Hardware Ids
from the Property drop-down list to view VID and PID, as shown in Figure 9-4.
Figure 9-4 Viewing VID and PID
As shown in the preceding figure, VID is HUASY and PID is S5600T.
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If MPIO is installed on Windows 2008 or later versions, you can use multipathing command
mpclaim to query disk information, as shown in Figure 9-5.
Figure 9-5 Querying disk information
As shown in the preceding figure, VID is HUAWEI and PID is S2600.
CAUTION
The PID and VID in this section are examples only. PID and VID are subject to actual
conditions.
Step 5 Start the MPIO console.
Choose Start > Administrator Tools to start the MPIO console, as shown in Figure 9-6.
Figure 9-6 Starting the MPIO console
Step 6 Add storage devices that you want to manage.
In MPIO Device, click Add. If iSCSI Initiator interworks with MPIO, choose Add Support
for iSCSI device from the Discover Multi-Paths menu.
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Figure 9-7 Adding storage devices
A VID must be eight bytes long and a PID 16 bytes long. If a VID or PID contains fewer bytes, use
spaces as placeholders. Most devices are automatically discovered and are displayed as Others in
Discover MultiPaths. You can add the devices by clicking Add.
The VID and PID added here are used as examples only. Actual VID and PID prevail.
Step 7 Restart the host to for the MPIO configuration to take effect.
Step 8 View MPIO policies.
Rescan for disks after restarting the host. Ensure that the number of discovered disks is
consistent with that of LUNs mapped to the host. Right-click a disk and choose Properties
from the shortcut menu. You can view the policies on the MPIO tab page, as shown in Figure
9-8.
Figure 9-8 MPIO policy management page
Normally, the default MPIO policy is preferred.
The default policy varies with operating system configurations. Table 9-2 lists the default
policies for commonly used operating systems.
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Table 9-2 Default MPIO policy
Operating System
Storage
System
Default MPIO Policy
Windows Server 2008 Edition
ALUA enabled
Round Robin With
Subset
ALUA disabled
Fail over only
ALUA enabled
Round Robin With
Subset
ALUA disabled
Round Robin
ALUA enabled
Round Robin With
Subset
ALUA disabled
Round Robin
Windows Server 2008 R2
Windows Server 2012 DC
Remarks
Step 9 Reset a path state.
You need to reset a path state for special scenarios or requirements.
For example, if the policy is set to Fail Over Only, only one activate path is allowed. You need
to change the state of other paths to standby.
In Windows 2008, set the state of the path connected to the owning controller to
Active/Optimized and set the state of paths connected to other controllers to
Active/Unoptimized.
Figure 9-9 shows the path details configuration page.
Figure 9-9 Path details configuration page
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Windows MPIO allows each LUN to have a maximum of 32 paths. If a LUN has more than 32 paths, the
Windows host may display a blue screen. Therefore, when using Windows MPIO to arrange LUN paths,
ensure that each LUN has less than 32 paths.
If a storage system does not support ALUA, configure the MPIO policy to the one applicable to storage
systems with ALUA disabled.
Step 10 Save the path state configuration.
States of paths to disks are not updated on the MPIO policy configuration page immediately
after being changed. You need to click OK to save path state changes on the MPIO policy
configuration page and open the page again to check the path states.
----End
9.4 Common Management Commands
You can use the following CMD commands to manage MPIO. Table 9-3 lists the commands.
Table 9-3 CMD commands for MPIO management
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Function
Syntax
Views the currently installed
features.
dism /online /get-features
Activates MPIO.
dism /online /enable-feature:MultipathIo
Deactivates MPIO.
dism /online /disable-feature:MultipathIo
Views the discovered storage
devices.
mpclaim -e
Uses MPIO to manage Fibre
Channel devices.
mpclaim.exe -r -i -d <_VendorID> <_ProductID>
Disables MPIO from
managing Fibre Channel
devices.
mpclaim.exe -r -u -d <_VendorID> <_ProductID>
Uses MPIO to manage iSCSI
devices.
mpclaim -r -i -d "MSFT2005iSCSIBusType_0x9"
Disables MPIO from
managing iSCSI devices.
mpclaim.exe -r -u -d "MSFT2005iSCSIBusType_0x9"
Uses MPIO to manage all
storage devices.
mpclaim.exe -r -i -a ""
Disables MPIO from
managing all storage devices.
mpclaim.exe -r -u -a ""
Views storage devices
managed by Microsoft DSM.
mpclaim -r
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Function
Syntax
Modifies the load balancing
policy.
mpclaim.exe –L –M <_num>
VendorID must be eight bytes long and ProductID 16 bytes long. If VendorID or ProductID contains
fewer bytes, use spaces as placeholders.
For details about the meaning of parameter num in the command for modifying the load balancing
policy, see Table 9-4.
Table 9-4 Meaning of parameter num in the command for modifying the load balancing policy
Parameter
Definition
0
Clear the Policy
1
Failover Only
2
Round Robin
3
Round Robin with Subset
4
Least Queue Depth
5
Weighted Paths
6
Least Blocks
7
Vendor Specific
9.5 Uninstallation
Third-party multipathing software can be installed correctly only after MPIO is uninstalled.
When installing third-party multipathing software, you are prompted to uninstall MPIO to
avoid software conflict.
Perform the following steps to uninstall MPIO:
Step 1 Clear all iSCSI devices managed by MPIO. On the MPIO Device tab page, click Remove to
delete storage devices, as shown in Figure 9-10.
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Figure 9-10 Deleting iSCSI devices managed by MPIO
It is of great importance to delete devices managed by MPIO before you uninstall MPIO. If devices
managed by MPIO are not deleted, third-party multipathing software still cannot be installed correctly or
manage storage devices correctly after MPIO is uninstalled.
Step 2 In Server Management, choose Remove Features. On Remove Features Wizard that is
displayed, deselect Multipath I/O and click Next, as shown in Figure 9-11.
Figure 9-11 Deleting Multipath I/O
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Step 3 Click Remove and restart the host for the uninstallation to take effect.
----End
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10 Volume Management
Volume Management
In Windows, disks are categorized as basic disks and dynamic disks. Only simple volumes
can be created on basic disks. Spanned volumes, mirror volumes, striped volumes, and
RAID-5 volumes are created on dynamic disks.
CAUTION
RAID-5 volumes are not supported in desktop operating systems such as Windows XP,
Windows 7, and Windows 8.
In Windows Server 2008 and later versions, the operating system converts basic disks to
dynamic disks when spanned volumes (or other volumes that can only be created on dynamic
disks) are created on basic disks.
The definitions of the volumes are as follows:

Spanned volume
A spanned volume is created on a single or multiple disks and combines the disks as a
whole. A spanned volume is used to expand volume capacity.

Mirror volume
A mirror volume is created on two or multiple disks. Member disks in a mirror volume
are mirrors to each other. Mirror volumes improve data reliability.

Striped volume
A striped volume is created on two or multiple disks. Member disks in a striped volume
are of the same size and stripped. When data is written onto a striped volume, the data is
divided into several parts and the parts are written onto each member disk. Theoretically,
striped volumes help improve write performance and expand volume capacity.

RAID-5 volume
After incorporating a parity disk, a striped volume becomes a RAID-5 volume. Therefore,
a RAID-5 volume has all advantages of a striped volume and also ensures data
reliability.
Windows volume management is simple. You can manage Windows volumes on a graphical
user interface (GUI).
The following uses Windows 2012 as an example to explain how to create a RAID-5 volume:
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Step 1 After LUNs are mapped to the host, start Computer Management. Right-click Disk
Management and choose Rescan Disks from the shortcut menu, as shown in Figure 10-1.
Figure 10-1 Rescanning for disks
Step 2 The states of the identified LUNs are Unknown and Offline. Right-click a disk and choose
Online from the shortcut menu to set the disk online. The state of the disk is changed to
Unknown or Not Initialized, as shown in Figure 10-2.
Figure 10-2 Setting the identified disks online
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Step 3 Right-click a disk and choose Initialize Disks from the shortcut menu. In the Initialize Disks
dialog box is displayed, select the disks that you want to initialize and the partition format. In
this example, partition format MBR is selected. Then, the states of the selected disks change
to Online, as shown in Figure 10-3.
Figure 10-3 Initializing disks
Step 4 Right-click a disk and choose New RAID-5 Volume from the shortcut menu. The New
RAID-5 Volume dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 10-4.
Figure 10-4 New RAID-5 volume dialog box
Step 5 Select the disks that you want to add to the RAID-5 volume, specify capacities of the selected
disks, and click Next. Select a drive letter for the newly created RAID-5 volume, the file
system type for volume formatting, strip size, and fast formatting.
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A RAID-5 volume has at least three member disks. After a RAID-5 volume is created, it spends a certain
period of time in synchronous verification. The verification time grows with the volume capacity.
Fast formatting is recommended.
A disk must be formatted after being installed. The operating system creates partitions on a disk only
after writing the disk identifier, end-of-sector marker (also called a signature), and MBR or GUID.
----End
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11 Host High-Availability
Host High-Availability
11.1 Overview
Earlier Windows versions (such as Windows Server 2003) use Microsoft Cluster Service
(MSCS) to provide clustering functions. Windows Server 2008 and later versions use
Windows Server Failover Cluster (WSFC).
An MSCS cluster is a server group consisting of independent computers. Nodes in the cluster
work together as a single system to ensure that key applications and resources are always
available to clients. The clustering function enables users and administrators to manage nodes
as a whole instead of independent computers.
WSFC server clustering software adds new functions on the basis of MSCS. The new
functions include the validation wizard and GPT disks.
11.1.1 MSCS
An MSCS server cluster contains a maximum of eight nodes, and can be configured as either
of the following clusters:
– Single-node cluster
– Single-quorum device cluster
– Multi-node cluster
Each cluster node is connected to one or multiple cluster storage devices. In most Windows
Server 2003 Enterprise Edition or Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition versions, cluster
storage devices can be iSCSI, SAS, parallel SCSI, and Fibre Channel devices.
Table 11-1 lists the maximum number of nodes supported by different operating systems.
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Table 11-1 Maximum number of nodes supported by different storage systems
Operating System
Storage Type
Max.
Number of
Nodes
Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition or
Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition
Parallel SCSI
2
Fiber Channel
8
iSCSI or SAS
8
Version:
Windows Server 2003
Windows Server 2003 SP1
Windows Server 2003 R2
Platform:
x86 and x64 (non Itanium)
Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition or
Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition
Version:
Windows Server 2003
Windows Server 2003 SP1
Windows Server 2003 R2
Platform:
x86 and x64 (Itanium)
Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition or
Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition
Version:
Windows Server 2003 SP1
Windows Server 2003 R2
Platform:
x86 and x64 (Itanium)
11.1.2 WSFC
A WSFC cluster is a group of independent servers that work together to improve the
availability of applications and services. WSFC provides infrastructure features that support
high-availability and disaster recovery scenarios for hosted server applications. If a cluster
node or service fails, the services that were hosted on that node can be automatically or
manually transferred to another available node in a process known as failover.
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The nodes in a WSFC cluster work together to collectively provide the following types of
capabilities:

Distributed metadata and notifications
WSFC service and hosted application metadata is maintained on each node in the cluster.
This metadata includes WSFC configuration and status in addition to hosted application
settings. Changes to a node's metadata or status are automatically propagated to the other
nodes in the cluster.

Resource management
Individual nodes in the cluster may provide physical resources such as direct-attached
storage, network interfaces, and access to share disk storage. Hosted applications register
themselves as cluster resources, and may configure startup and health dependencies upon
other resources.

Health monitoring
Inter-node and primary node health detection is accomplished through a combination of
heartbeat-style network communication and resource monitoring. The overall health of
the cluster is determined by the votes of a quorum of nodes in the cluster.

Failover coordination
Each resource is configured to be hosted on a primary node, and each can be manually or
automatically transferred to one or more secondary nodes. A health-based failover policy
controls automatic transfer of resource ownership between nodes. Nodes and hosted
applications are notified when failover occurs so that they can react appropriately.
Table 11-2 WSFC terms
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Term
Description
Node
A Microsoft Server system that is an active or inactive
member of a server cluster.
Cluster resource
A physical or logical entity that can be owned by a
node, brought online and taken offline, moved
between nodes, and managed as a cluster object. A
cluster resource can be owned by only a single node at
any point in time.
Resource group
A collection of cluster resources managed as a single
cluster object. Typically a resource group contains all
of the cluster resources that are required to run a
specific application or service. Failover and failback
always act on resource groups.
Resource dependency
A resource on which another resource depends. If
resource A depends on resource B, then B is a
dependency of A.
Network name resource
A logical server name that is managed as a cluster
resource. A network name resource must be used with
an IP address resource.
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Term
Description
Preferred owner
A node on which a resource group prefers to run. Each
resource group is associated with a list of preferred
owners sorted in order of preference. During
automatic failover, the resource group is moved to the
next preferred node in the preferred owner list.
Possible owner
A secondary node on which a resource can run. Each
resource group is associated with a list of possible
owners. Resource groups can fail over only to nodes
that are listed as possible owners.
Quorum mode
The quorum configuration in a failover cluster that
determines the number of node failures that the cluster
can sustain.
Forced quorum
The process to start the cluster even through only a
minority of the elements that are required for quorum
are in communication.
11.2 Configuration
11.2.1 MSCS
For details, visit:
http://technet.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/cc731844%28v=WS.10%29.aspx
Huawei also provides MSCS configuration guides. You can obtain the guides from the
Huawei customer service center.
11.2.2 WSFC
For details, visit:
http://technet.microsoft.com/zh-CN/library/cc732035%28v=ws.10%29.aspx
Huawei also provides WSFC configuration guides. You can obtain the guides from the
Huawei customer service center.
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12 Virtualization Technology
Virtualization Technology
12.1 Introduction to Hyper-V
Hyper-V is used to create a virtualized server computing environment where multiple
hardware resources are utilized to improve computing efficiency.
Hyper-V provides the following functions:

Virtualization based 64-bit virtual machine (VM) management programs

Concurrent running of 32-bit and 64-bit VMs

Single-processor and multi-processor VMs

VM snapshots: captures the status, data, and hardware configuration of running VMs.
You can use VM snapshots to restore VMs to their original states.

Large VM memory

Virtual local area network (VLAN)

Microsoft Management Console (MMC)

Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) interfaces that facilitate script
compilation and management archiving
Hyper-V has the following requirements on server hardware and operating systems:

Operating system: 64-bit Windows Server 2008 Standard, Windows Server 2008
Enterprise, Windows Server 2008 Datacenter, and Windows Server 2012 Datacenter

CPU: support for Hardware-assisted virtualization (HAV) and hardware-enforced Data
Execution Prevention (DEP) functions and with those functions enabled
You can configure HAV and hardware-enforced DEP in BIOS.
12.2 Hyper-V Configuration
Hyper-V is built in Windows Server 2008 and later versions. It functions correctly only after
you manually add the Hyper-V role and complete related configurations.
12.2.1 Adding Hyper-V
Perform the following steps to add the Hyper-V role:
Step 1 Start Server Manager and choose Role to add the Hyper-V role.
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Step 2 Select the service network adapter of the host and bind the network adapter as virtual network
adapter.
Step 3 Confirm the configuration and restart the host for the configuration to take effect.
----End
12.2.2 Creating Hyper-V VMs
Creating a Hyper-V VM is similar to creating a new server. During Hyper-V VM creation,
you need to configure memories, network adapters, and disks, and name the VM to be
created.
Note the following when creating Hyper-V VMs:

The size of the VM memory cannot exceed that of the server's physical memory.

In versions earlier than Hyper-V 3.0, the virtual disk format is VHD. Therefore, the
virtual disk capacity cannot exceed 2 TB. In Hyper-V 3.0, the virtual disk format is
VHDX and the virtual disk size can be up to 64 TB.
For details about how to create Hyper-V VMs, visit:
http://technet.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/hh831531.aspx
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A
A Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronyms and Abbreviations
A
ALUA
Asymmetric Logical Unit Access
B
BIOS
Basic Input Output System
C
CHAP
Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
CLI
Command Line Interface
CPU
Central Processing Unit
D
DNS
Domain Name System
DSM
Device-Specific Module
E
exFAT
Extended File Allocation Table File System
F
Fibre Channel
Fibre Channel
FCoE
Fibre Channel over Ethernet
FAT
File Allocation Table
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A Acronyms and Abbreviations
G
GPT
GUID Partition Table
GUID
Globally Unique Identifier
H
HBA
Host Bus Adapter
I
IP
Internet Protocol
ISM
Integrated Storage Manager
iSCSI
Internet Small Computer Systems Interface
L
LAN
Local Area Network
LUN
Logical Unit Number
M
MBR
Master Boot Record
MMC
Microsoft Management Console
MPIO
Microsoft Multi-Path IO
MSCS
Microsoft Cluster Service
N
NTFS
New Technology File System
O
OS
Operating System
R
level
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A Acronyms and Abbreviations
P
PID
Product ID
S
SAN
Storage Area Network
SAS
Serial Attached SCSI
SCSI
Small Computer System Interface
V
VHD
Virtual Hard Disk
VID
Vendor ID
VG
Volume Group
VLAN
Virtual Local Area Network
VSAN
Virtual Storage Area Network
W
WSFC
Windows Server Failover Cluster
WWN
World Wide Name
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