Special Test Evidence Questions:
1. We have solid evidence based practice to support the use of all of the special tests we use in
practice. T/F
2. Special tests must be used as part of the overall evaluation process in order to obtain diagnostic
accuracy. T/F
3. A kappa coefficient is used to determine reliability of tests and the closer to 1 the better the
test. T/F
4. In order to determine the accuracy of an individual special test it must be compared to a gold
standard such as x-ray or arthroscopy. T/F
5. The likelihood ratio used to determine the relative good of a test contains both positive and
negative values. A positive likelihood ratio indicated the confidence we have that a positive test
equals a pathology or injury. T/F
6. In the author’s opinion CDRs (clinical decision rules) are worth a try but need to be specifically
studied for athletic training practice. T/F
7. Special tests such as Obers, Nobles, Clarkes, Pivot Shift, Finkelstein and Yerganson’s have low
diagnostic value. T/F
8. The question concerning inclusion of tests in an exam needs to be based on the probability of
adding to diagnostic accuracy. T/F