ISL G Technology Overview
Explore Every Alternative.
The 3 E’s: There are three key reasons for using
Natural Gas to power commercial vehicles.
Environmental Leadership
Economic Benefits
Energy Policy
Simpler Cleaner Fuel
Complex Hydrocarbon
Simplest Hydrocarbon
High hydrogen-to-carbon ratio results in
GHG advantage
Energy Policy: The U.S. is the world’s largest
consumer of imported oil.
Top 25 Petroleum
Importers
EIA data for year 2007
4
Large & Growing Natural Gas Opportunity
Forecast: Delivered Energy Prices for Diesel &
Natural Gas Transportation Fuels, 2010-2035
Gas Shale Plays are an Industry Changing
Breakthrough
2008 Equivalent U.S. Dollars Per Gallon Equivalent
North America Resource Estimates
  2,119 Tcf of Total Resource
  95+ Year Supply at 75 Bcf/d
  70+ Year Supply at 100 Bcf/d
Source
U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2010
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Energy Security
6
Lower Fuel Costs-Historically 25-40%
Price difference to diesel is growing
Natural gas price is lower with new supply
Cummins Westport Inc. (CWI) is a Joint Venture
of Westport & Cummins
Westport
Innovations Inc.
Cummins
Inc.
Cummins Inc.
50/50
“CWI”
Cummins Westport Inc.
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Over 30,000 Engines Delivered
June 2011
Over 10,000 ISL Gs
CWI: Fully integrated within Cummins. We are
Cummins’ automotive natural gas engine company.
Product
Engineering
Manufacturing
Sales
Cummins Tech Center
Cummins VPI Process
Cummins Plants
Cummins Account
Teams & Distributors
Warranty
Cummins Warranty
Parts
& Service
Cummins Distributors
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Why ISL G?
Environmental Leadership
  ISL G Met Regulated 2010 EPA/Euro EEV in 2007
  20% Lower greenhouse gas emissions
Economic Benefits
  Improved Reliability
  Improved Efficiency
  Lower total fuel costs
Energy Security
  Reduced reliance on oil
  Biomethane capable
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ISL G Natural Gas Engine





8.9 Litre (540 cu. In.)
In line 6 cylinder
Charge Air Cooled (CAC)
Spark ignition
Peak Rating:
–  HP-320 hp Torque -1000 lb-ft
  Certified to 2010 EPA and CARB NOx
and PM standards
  Three Way Catalyst Aftertreatment
  Manufactured by Cummins in Cummins
Engine Plant- Rocky Mount, North
Carolina
  Over 10,000 in service
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•  2007 - 1st Heavy Duty Engine Certified
2010 EPA
•  2008 - # 1 Natural Gas Engine in
Transit
•  2009 - #1 Natural Gas Engine in
Refuse
•  2010 - #1 Natural Gas Engine in
Conventional Truck
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Cummins Westport - 30,000 Automotive
Engines Delivered
10,000 ISL Gs
produced in 4
Years
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Evolution of Natural Gas Engine Technology
  Stoichiometric combustion is the ideal combustion process during which
fuel and oxygen are burned completely
–
–
–
–
Early HD natural gas engines were stoichiometric
Ideal air/fuel ratio - chemically correct mixing of fuel and air
Consumes all fuel & air without excess of either in exhaust
Three way catalyst (TWC) aftertreatment is highly effective at NOx reduction, but only if there is no
oxygen in exhaust stream
  Lean Burn combustion, adds air to the air fuel mixture so the air content
is higher than the stoichiometric ratio
–  Evolution from Stoichiometric to meet market demands
–  Lean burn in heavy duty NG enabled better efficiency, power density and durability than
conventional stoichiometric combustion
–  Excess air leads to reduced exhaust temperatures
–  Oxygen in exhaust enables oxidation catalyst, not TWC
  Stoichiometric combustion with cooled EGR combines & improves the
best attributes of both Stoichiometric & Lean Burn combustion.
–
–
–
–
Cooled EGR (CEGR) replaces the additional air in Lean Burn combustion
CEGR reduces exhaust temperature similar to lean burn engines
Better efficiency and power density compared to Lean Burn and Stoichiometric technologies
Enables a TWC for NOx control.
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2010 ISL G - Three Key Emission
Technologies
  Cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation
(CEGR)
Cummins
  Stoichiometric Combustion
Cummins Westport
  Three Way Catalyst (TWC)
Cummins
Emission Solutions
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CWI 2010 Technology
O2 Sensor
T
Three Way
Catalyst
Charge Air Cooler
Spark
Plug
Spark Ignited
Combustion
O2 Sensor
EGR Cooler
Fuel
Stoich EGR
Three Way
Catalyst
Architecture
Throttle
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Benefits of Stoichiometric EGR Combustion
  Increased power density
–  Torque curves are virtually the same as diesel
–  Diesel-like transient response/performance
–  More torque at idle (+34%)
  Increased thermal efficiency
–  5% fuel economy improvement vs. lean-burn natural gas engines
–  Lower methane emissions (GHG benefit)
  Decreased emissions
–  Meets 2010 emission standards
–  Lower carbon (greenhouse gas) emissions
–  Quiet - ISL G is 9.9 decibels quieter than ISL9 at Idle/no load
–  Simple, passive, maintenance-free aftertreatment
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Three Way Catalyst
  TWC reduces three harmful emissions: NOX, CO, HC
  End products are: N2, CO2, H2O
  Packaged as a replacement muffler
  Simple, passive, maintenance-free
  Consistent performance across all duty cycles
Catalyst Inlet
Catalyst Outlet
NOX
N2
CO
CO2
HC
H2O
ISL G TWC -­‐ similar package size to current mufflers Tough California Emissions Standards and
Cummins Westport Engines
California Air Resources Board - Executive Order Shows Emissions Results
ISL G is under 2010 NOx and PM regulations
NMHC
NOx
CO
PM
FTP
EUR
O
FTP
EUR
O
FTP
EUR
O
FTP
EUR
O
STD
0.14
0.14
0.2
0.2
15.5
15.5
0.01
0.01
CERT
0.13
0.04
0.13
0.01
1.2
0.4
0.002
0.000
FTP: Federal Test Procedure [ transient and steady state ]
EURO: Euro III European Steady-State Cycle
STD: standard or emissions test cap
CERT: certification level
Further Reductions are Being Explored
•  Sub Ambient
• “Zero” Emissions
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Up to 20% Lower Greenhouse Gas Emissions
  As natural gas fuel economy improves,
CO2 emissions are reduced
  CH4 emissions, adjusted to consider
GHG impact are less than 10% of total
GHG emissions.
  Well to Wheel (WTW) analysis with
GHGenius modeling tool predicts over
20% WTW GHG emissions benefit
for natural gas vs. diesel.
  Using landfill gas or anaerobic gas as a
biomethane fuel increases GHG
difference to ~90%.
  Cummins Westport approves the use of
biomethane that meets fuel
specifications.
Source: Presentation to AFVI convention by Don O’Conner (S&T)2 Consultants May 2008
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GHG - Biomethane Fuel Impact
2012 Results (California)
Biogas based fuel
improves GHG
reduction by 75-200%
Source:http://www.nsca.org.uk/assets/
biogas_ as_transport_fuel_june06.pdf
Natural Gas Vehicle has 20 - 22%
Lower GHG with fossil gas
Source: CEC-600-2007-004-REV
GHG emissions per kWh on the shaft
Well-to-Wheel Greenhouse Gas Emissions
800
732
700
600
500
400
300
240
200
66
100
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11
0
Diesel, crude oil
Ethanol, wheat
Ethanol,
enzyme wood
Ethanol, wood
via black liquor
Biogas as CNG/LNG
CO2 equivalent / any greenhouse gas converted into same greenhouse effect as CO2
Source: Volvo Group – transit
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How Big is a Ton of CO2?
One CNG Transit bus reduces CO2 by approx 97.6 trailers full per year.
Reduced Noise
Communities notice the
natural gas noise
advantage.
ONE Diesel engine idling is
louder than TEN natural
gas engines idling together
ISL G is 5.5 decibels
quieter at peak torque
and load
ISL G is 9.9
decibels quieter
at Idle/no load
Technology
What is the Same?
  320, 300, 280, 260 and 250
HP ratings
–  Block, crankshaft, main bearing,
piston rods, EGR
  Compatible with Cummins
Diagnostic tools
–  Over 80% parts commonality
  Major Engine Components
  500 hour Maintenance Interval
  Parts and Service
–  Global Cummins Distributor
Network
–  Insite
–  Quickserve online
  Manufactured in Cummins
Engine Plant, North Carolina
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ISL G Warranty - Every Coverage
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Technology
What is Different?
  Cylinder head
–  2 valve vs. 4 valve (diesel)
  Ignition
–  Spark Ignition (SI) vs. Compression
(diesel)
  Fuel System
–  Intake manifold vs. Common rail
injection (diesel)
  Aftertreatment
–  3 way catalyst vs. Particulate Filter +
Selective Catalytic Reduction
(diesel)
  Lubricating Oil
–  Natural gas engines require a
specific oil that meets Cummins
specification CES 20074
  Noise
–  Natural gas engines are up to
10db quieter at idle
  Compression Ratio
–  ISL G is 12:1 compression
  Maintenance Cost
–  Incremental cost of maintenance
related to ignition and overhead
valve adjustments adds up to $0.03
per mile ($0.02 per km) to ISL G
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ISL G Components
 EGR Valve
 Fuel Module
 ECM
 ICM
 EGR Cooler
 Wastegate Turbo
 Crankcase Breather
 EGR Crossover Tube
2 Valve Cylinder Head & Coil on Plug Ignition
 Initial valve set at 1,000 hours, 2,000 hours
thereafter Ignition coils mounted at 45 degree angle
 One coil per cylinder, left side of valve cover
 Spark Plug change interval is 1,500 hours
Turbocharger, Exhaust Manifold, EGR Cooler
EGR Crossover Tube
Wastegated Turbocharger
Three Way Catalyst Aftertreatment
  Similar to catalyst on gasoline passenger cars
  Packaged as a muffler. Vertical or horizontal mount
  Weighs ~100 pounds
  Passive device
  Benefits:
–  Maintenance-free
–  Reliable
–  No regeneration events
–  Easy to install in vehicle
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2010 Engines Aftertreatment Comparison
SCR Catalyst
Heated
DEFTank
Particulate Filter
DEF
Dosing
Control
Unit
ECM
Cummins TWC
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Estimated System Weight ~ 60 Gallons Fuel
CNG – 1,000 lbs more
LNG – 300 lbs more
System Weights
ISL9 Diesel
ISL G Natural Gas
Engine
1,695 lbs
1,625 lbs
450 lbs
100 lbs
Aftertreatment
Fuel Tanks
- Diesel (60 Gal)
100 lbs (550 lbs Full)
- CNG (60 DGE)
1,600 lbs (2,000 lbs Full)
- LNG (68 DGE)
815 lbs
Total Weight (Full)
2,695 lbs
(1,288 lbs Full)
CNG - 3,725 lb
LNG - 3,013 lb
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Keys to Success
  Follow Cummins maintenance intervals and procedures outlined in Operation
and Maintenance manuals
  Use Cummins Authorized parts
  Set oil drain / service intervals based on average fleet speed
  Default interval is the hours stated.
–  Interval is Defined by application and average speed – hours, miles or time, which ever
comes first
Example: Normal Duty - Oil Drain/Service Intervals
Average Vehicle Speed
Kilometers
Miles
Hours
Months
Normal Duty -Truck
24,000
15,000
500
6
Transit Bus 10-15 mph
9,650
6,000
500
6
Refuse Truck 10-15 mph
9,650
6,000
500
6
  Use only natural gas engine oil (CES 200074)
  Check air intake every 250 hours, and use only OEM approved air filters
  Perform Initial Overhead Valve adjustment at 1,000 hours or 15,000 miles
(24,000 km)
Use 15W-40 Natural Gas Engine Oil
  Cummins Westport natural gas
engines require special engine oil
that is available from major oil
suppliers.
  Careful attention must be paid to
engine oil specifications because
natural gas engine oil has different
properties than diesel engine oil. A
sulfated ash limit of 0.6 percent has
been placed on all engine
lubricating oil recommended for use
in Cummins Westport engines.
  Higher ash oils can cause valve
and/or piston damage and lead to
excessive oil consumption and
degradation of the catalyst.
Do not use diesel engine oil in a natural gas engine.
If diesel engine oil is used, valve torching, piston scuffing,
and reduction in spark plug life will occur.
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CES20074 Gas Engine Only (GEO) engine oil
is available from most major oil companies
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ISL G Ratings
ADVERTISED HP
ENGINE MODEL
(KW) @ RPM
PEAK TORQUE
LB-FT @ RPM
GOVERNED
SPEED
ISL G 320
320 (239) @ 2000
1000 (1356) @ 1300
2200 RPM
ISL G 300
300 (224) @ 2100
860 (1166) @ 1300
2200 RPM
ISL G 280
280 (209) @ 2000
900 (1220) @ 1300
2200 RPM
ISL G 260
260 (194) @ 2200
660 (895) @ 1300
2200 RPM
ISL G 250
250 (186) @ 2200
730 (990) @ 1300
2200 RPM
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Fuel
  Natural gas fuel must meet ISL G fuel specs per AEB 79.05
  Minimum Methane Number (MN) is 75
  Natural Gas fuel for the ISL G can be stored on the vehicle in either liquid
(LNG) or compressed (CNG) form.
  ISL G requires fuel to be regulated to max 150 psi, min 70 psi
  Cummins Westport approves the use of up to 100% biomethane that meets
Cummins published natural gas fuel specifications
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CNG Delivery Chain
Source
Producer
Conventional
Unconventional - Shale
Renewable - BioMethane
Compress
CNG Fuel Station
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CNG Fuel Stations
CNG Fast Fill Station
  Rapid succession vehicle fueling
  Large compressor(s)
  Three or more storage vessels
Fast Fill CNG Dispenser
CNG Time Fill Station
  Overnight fueling
  Small compressor
  One storage vessel
  Dual hose or single hose posts
CNG Time Fill
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LNG Delivery Chain
Source
Producer
Conventional
Unconventional - Shale
Renewable - BioMethane
Liquefy
Transport
LNG Fuel Station
42
LNG Fuel Stations
  LNG is trucked to refueling station in 10,000 gallon tanker
trailers
–  LNG source is typically a dedicated liquefaction plant for vehicle
LNG or utility company LNG peak-shaving plant
–  “Small-scale” liquefaction (i.e. smaller than industrial-scale
liquefaction plants) is expected to increase LNG availability
  Requires on site LNG bulk storage tank, typically 13,000 to
16,000 gallons
  LNG dispensed to vehicle tanks as a cryogenic liquid
–  Approx 50 gpm refueling rate
  LNG stations cost less than CNG stations
–  Easier to pump a liquid than compress a gas
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Recent market activity points to “corridors” that
support the on highway market for natural gas.
Step 1:
Serve Local/
Regional
Trucking Hubs
Step 2:
Serve Lanes that
Connect the
Hubs
Note: Chesapeake $1 billion investment announcement (July 2011)
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OEM Supplied Fuel System Components
(Both CNG and LNG Systems)
 Mounted on the vehicle
 Regulates storage pressure down to engine specification pressure (70-150 psi)
 Note drain on pre-filter has a drain requirement
 Must be drained if there is 1 oz of liquid
CNG Fuel Storage
  Strong and safe - Carbon fiber wrapped CNG tanks
–  3,600 psi capability
  Can be mounted vertically or horizontally
  Each tank carries approx.15 diesel equivalent gallons (DGE)
Shut off valve
Fuel fill connection
Fuel pressure gauges
LNG Fuel System
LNG Economizer
75 Diesel Gallon
Equivalent Tank
• LNG tanks are designed with thermal properties to store natural gas as a
liquid (-260 F).
• The liquid leaves the tank to an economizer supplied with engine coolant
to warm the gas to gaseous form. As it returns to gaseous state it expands
and pressurizes the system.
• A LNG fuel system is a low pressure system designed for normal operating
pressure of 230 psi.
Established ISL G Applications
BUS
REFUSE
CWI is available from leading urban bus and
cab over refuse truck companies
Transit ISL G Availability
OEM
New Flyer
NABI
Orion
ElDorado
MCI
Model
30/35/40 Low Floor
35/40 Low Floor
Orion V HF
EZ Rider II
Motor Coach
60 BRT
Orion VII LF
Fuel
CNG
CNG
CNG
LNG/CNG
40 and 45 ft
Engine
ISLG 280
ISLG 280
ISL G 280
ISLG 280
ISLG 320
ISL G 320
Top North American CNG Transit Fleets
LAMTA, Los Angeles, CA
OCTA, Orange County, CA
Big Blue Bus, Santa Monica, CA
TransLink, Vancouver, BC
NY / Long Island Transit, NY
San Diego Transit, CA
Foothills Transit, San
Gabriel Valley, CA
RTC Transit, Las Vegas, NV
HSR, Hamilton, ONT
Fort Worth, TX
Santa Clara, CA
Tacoma, WA
St. Louis, MO
Cab Over Refuse Truck Availability
OEM
AutoCar
Mack
Peterbilt
American
Lafrance
Crane Carrier
Model
Xpeditor
TerraPro LE
320
Condor
LET
Terra Pro CO
Fuel
LNG/CNG
LNG/CNG
LNG/CNG
LNG/CNG
LNG/CNG
Engine
ISLG 320
ISLG 320
ISL G 320
ISL G 320
ISLG 320
.
North America Refuse Fleets
OR
City of Los Angeles, CA
City of Toronto
Miller Waste, Ont
Republic Service
City of Sacramento, CA
EMI, Que
Specialty Solid Waste
Long Island, NY
City of Surrey, BC
City of New York
Smithtown, NY
Denver, CO
Waste Management
(USA & Canada)
Conventional Truck Availability
OEM
Freightliner
Peterbilt
Kenworth
Volvo
Model
M2 – 112
320
T800SH
VNM
SD - 114
384
W900S
365
T440
T470
Engine
ISLG 320
ISL G 320
ISLG 320
ISL G 320
6x4 Tractor
Tractor
Tractor
Tractor
4x2 Tractor
Vocational
Vocational
4x2 Truck
Mixer
Mixer
ISL G 300
Application
6x2 Truck
Vocational
OR
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Automotive Natural Gas Truck Market
Cummins Westport Confidential
52
Other OEMs
OEM
Thomas
Capacity
Autocar
Blue Bird
Application
School Bus
Yard Tractor
Yard Tractor
Model
Type D
Capacity – TJ9000
Autocar - Xspotter
Engine
ISLG 250
ISL G 250
ISLG 320
OR
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CWI Contact Information
  Bill Boyce, Eastern USA
–  bill.boyce@cummins.com
–  Office: (330) 534-8352
–  Cell: (330) 720-9785
  Jerry Johnson, Western USA
–  jerry.j.johnson@cummins.com
–  Cell: (303) 396-9821
  Jeff Campbell, Canada
–  jeff.campbell@cummins.com
–  Office: (604) 718-2099
–  Cell: (604) 318-4790
  Gordon Exel, VP & General Manager,
Americas
–  gordon.exel@cummin.com
–  Office: (604) 718-8384
–  Cell: (604) 764-9867
  Gloria Stewart, Account Executive
  gloria.stewart@cummins.com
  Office: (812)-377-0481
  Cell: (812)-350-2684
  Brandon Davis, Technical Support
Manager
–  brandon.c.davis@cummins.com
–  Office: (562) 760-4537
–  Cell: (562) 760-4537
www.cumminswestport.com
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