jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmekdifiHawmf
v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;ESifhqnfajrmif;0efBuD;Xme
jrefrmhpdkufysdK;a&;
zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrItaxmuftuljyKpDrHudef;
obm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mpDrHcefYcGJrI
rlabmif
rwfv 15 ? 2015
1/
aemufcHtcsuftvufrsm;
2/
pDrHudef;a,bl,savhvmjcif;
3/
pDrHudef;\obm0ywf0ef;usifESihv
f lrIa&;&mudpö&yfrsm;ajz½Sif;
aqmif&Gujf cif;
4/
pDrHudef;\obm0ywf0ef;usifESihv
f lrIa&;&mudpö&yfrsm;uda
k jz½Sif;
aqmif&Gu&
f ef vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;
5/
ESMF
taumiftxnfazmfjcif;ESihf avhvmppfaq;jcif;twGuf trsdK;om;
tqihE
f Sihf a'otqihf tzJJUG tpnf;qdi
k f&mtpDtpOfrsm;ESihf vkyfief;pGrf;
&nfjr§ihw
f ifjcif;rsm;
6/
obm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&mavhvmppfaq;jcif;
7/
epfemrIrsm; ajz&Sif;aqmif&Gujf cif;vkyfief;pOf
8/
trsm;jynfoq
l di
k f&mxifomjrifom½Sr
d IESihf tMuHjyKaqG;aEG;jcif;vkyfief;pOf
yl;wGJ (1) ppfaq;pm&if; (Checklist)rsm;pDppfjcif;
yl;wGJ (2)
wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;\obm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&m
pDrHcefYcGr
J I(aqmufvy
k fa&; uefx½du
k fpmcsKyfrsm;wGif xnfo
h Gif;&ef)
yl;wGJ (3) ajr,modrf;,ljcif;ESifh a&GUajymif;ae&mcsxm;jcif;rlabmif
yl;wGJ (4) a'ocHwkdif;&if;om;jynfor
l sm; tpDtpOfrlabmif
yl;wGJ (5) yd;k rTm;pDrHcefYcGr
J I tpDtpOfrlabmifvy
k fief;pOf
yl;wGJ (6) qnfab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;qdi
k f&m vkyfief;pOfrsm;
aemufqufwG(J 1)
qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f; ajryHr
k sm;
aemufqufwG(J 1-u)
qifaoqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;ajryHk
aemufqufwG(J 1-c)
ajrmuf,rm;qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;ajryHk
aemufqufwGJ (1-*) qGmacsmif; qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;ajryHk
aemufqufwGJ (1-C) rvJewfawmif qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;ajryHk
aemufqufwGJ (2)
qnfajrmif;pDrံudef;{&d,mrsm;\&moDOwkqkdif&m
tcsuftvufrsm;
aemufqufwGJ (2-u) qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;{&d,mrsm;\vtvdu
k fysrf;rQ
rd;k &GmoGef;rItcsuftvufrsm;
aemufqufwGJ (2-c) qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;{&d,mrsm;½SdvtvdkufyQrfrQrd;k
&GmoGef; rIazmfjyonhZ
f ,m;
aemufqufwGJ (2-*) qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;{&d,mrsm;\ysrf;rQtylcsdefqkdi္&m
tcsuftvufrsm;
aemufqufwGJ (2-C) qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;{&d,mrsm;½Sdvtvdkufysrf;rQtyl
csdefazmfjyonhZ
f ,m;
aemufqufwGJ (2-i) qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;{&d,mrsm;\ysrf;rQpdx
k di
k f;q
qdi
k f&mtcsuftvufrsm;
aemufqufwG(J 2-p)
qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;{&d,mrsm;\ysrf;rQpdx
k di
k f;qqdi
k f&m
tcsu္tvufrsm;
aemufqufwGJ (3)
qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;twGif;a&oH;k pGr
J IEi
dI f;,SOfavhvmjcif;
aemufqufwGJ (3-u) pyg;pdu
k fysdK;&ef {u-aytvdu
k f a&ok;H pGr
J I
aemufqufwJG (3-c) pyg;pdu
k fysdK;&efa&oH;k pGr
J IazmfjyonhZ
f ,m;({u-ay)
aemufqufwG4
J (u)
avhvmcJo
h nf{
h &d,mw0du
k f&Sa
d jr,mtoHk;jyKrIESify
h g0ifrI
tajymif;tvJrsm;
aemufqufwG4
J (c)
avhvmcJo
h nf{
h &d,mtwGif;&Sa
d jr,mtoH;k jyKrI
ESify
h g0ifrI tajymif;tvJ Matrix Z,m;
aemufqufwG(J 5)
qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;{&d,mrsm;rSpkaqmif;&½Sdonhf
a&erlem twGuf a&t&nftaoG; ppfaq;rI&v'frsm;
aemufqufwGJ (6-u) jrefrmEdi
k fiH½Sr
d sdK;wkef;aysmufuG,fvkurÇm½
h mS ;yg;rsdK;pdw္
rsm; (wGm;oGm;owå0grsm;)
aemufqufwGJ (6-c) jrefrmEdi
k fiH½Sr
d sdK;wkef;aysmufuG,fvkurÇm½
h mS ;ygးrsdK;
pdwr
f sm; (iSufrsm;)
yl;wG(J 7)
ab;uif;vHNk cHKa&;trsm;jynfot
l BuHjyKaqG;aEG;yGJ
rSww
f rf;rsm;
Z,m;rsm;pm&if;
Z,m;(1)
pDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm;\qd;k usdK;oufa&mufrItvm;tvmrsm;ESifh
jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;^tao;pm;wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;
tawmtwGif; toHk;jyKEdi
k fonfh avsmhenf;a&;tpDtpOfrsm;
Z,m;(2)
wnfae&mxdcdu
k fEdi
k frItwdi
k f;twmESifh ab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;rl0g'rsm;?
Z,m;(3)
vdt
k yfonfp
h DrHue
d f;vkyfief;cGr
J sm;\ab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;pm&Gup
f m
wrf;vkyfief;ESif&
h if;ES;D jr§KyfEr
SH ItrsdK;tpm;rsm;\t"dyÜg,fzGifq
h dc
k suf
rsm;
Z,m;(4)
a&&Snfoufa&mufrIrsm; pDrHcefYcjGJ cif;
Z,m;(5) pDrHue
d f;e,fajrtwGif;&Sv
d lrIpD;yGm;a&;qdi
k f&mtcsuftvuf
Z,m;(6)
oiha
f wmfaumif;rGefonhfy;dk owfaq;rsm;a&G;cs,ftoH;k jyK&ef
pHowfrSwc
f sufrsm;
Z,m;(7)
jrefrmEdi
k fiHwi
G f uefYowfxm;onfh yd;k owfaq;rsm;pm&if;
Z,m;(8)
jrefrmEdi
k fiHwi
G f wm;jrpfxm;onfh yd;k owfaq;rsm;pm&if;
Z,m;(9)
ueOD;a&G;cs,fxm;onfhqnfajrmif;pepfrsm;&Sq
d nfrsm;\
t"dutpdwt
f ydi
k f;rsm;
Z,m;(10) yHr
k SefjyKjyifa&;qdi
k f&mppfaq;a&; tpDtpOf (jyifqifaqmif&Gu&
f ef)
Z,m;(11) yHr
k SeftpD&ifcHjcif;tpDtpOf (qH;k jzwf&ef)
Z,m;(12) a,bl,sowday;oauFwrsm;ESifhta&;ay:tajctaetvm;tvm
rsm; (embankment dam) (prf;ppfavhvm&ef)
Z,m;(13) ta&;ay:tajctaewGif
qufoG,f&rnfh
wm0ef&t
Sd zGYJ tpnf;ESifh
t&mxrf;rsm; pm&if; (jyifqifaqmif&Gu&
f ef)
Z,m;(14) owday;rItqifr
h sm;ESifhwHYk jyefaqmif&Gur
f I
Matrix
Z,m;
(owfrSwf&ef)
Z,m;(15) pDrHudef;qnfajrmif;vkyfief;wnfae&mrsm;twGuft"dua&G;
cs,fa&; pHowfrSwf csufrsm;
Z,m;(16) a&G;cs,fxm;onfv
h uf&Sq
d nfajrmif;tpDtpOfrsm;\
enf;ynmqdi
k f
&m tcsuf tvufrsm;rsm;
Z,m;(17) ESpfpOfqnftwGif;okYd pD;0ifonhf a&xkxnfyrmP ({u-ay)
Z,m;(18) tqdjk yKqnfajrmif;vkyfief;ae&mrsm;&Sd ysrf;rQESpfpOfr;dk a&csdef
Z,m;(19) vuf&Sq
d nfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;\
catchment
{&d,mwpf0u
dk f&Sd
opfawmjyKef;wD;rIEIef;
Z,m;(20) pDrHudef;{&d,m\ vlrI-pD;yGm;qdkif&mtcsuftvufrsm;
yHr
k sm;pm&if;
yH(k 1)
pDrHue
d f;taumiftxnfazmfrI tpDtpOfrsm;
yH(k 2)
obm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&m/vlrIa&;&mESiha
f b;uif;vHkjcHKa&;pDrHcefY
cGr
J Iu&
d d,mrsm;qdi
k f&m tqdjk yKvkyfief;pOf tESpfcsKyfyp
Hk H
yH(k 3)
ESpfpOf qnftwGif;okdY pD;0ifonhf a&xkxnfyrmP
(2008-2013)
yH(k 4)
vuf½Sq
d nfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;\owfrSw{
f &d,mtwGif;
opfawmzH;k vTrf;rI{&d,m tajymif;tvJrsm;
twda
k umuftoH;k jyKrIrsm;
ACC
Agricultural Coordination Committee
AMD
Agricultural Mechanization Department, MOAI
ASDP
Agricultural Development Support Project
Bank
World Bank
CSQA
Construction Supervision and Quality Assurance
CITIES
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
EIA
Environmental Impact Assessment
ES
Environmental Assessments
ESIA
Environmental and Social Impact Assessments
DAP
Department of Agricultural Planning, MOAI
DAR
Department of Agricultural Research, MOAI
DOA
Department of Agriculture, MOAI
ECOP
Environmental Codes of Practice
EMP
Environmental Management Plan
EPP
Emergency Preparedness Plan
ESMF
Environmental and Social Management Framework
ESMP
Environmental and Social Management Plan
FS
Feasibility Study
GOM
Government of Myanmar
ID
Irrigation Department, MOAI
IPM
Integrated Pest Management
IPMP
Integrated Pest Management Plan
IPP
Indigenous Peoples Plan
IPPF
Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework
LAAP
Land Acquisition Action Plan
LRPF
Land Acquisition and Resettlement Policy Framework
LUC
Land User Right Certificate
M&E
Monitoring and Evaluation
MOECAF
Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry
MOAI
Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation
NBSAP
National Biodiversity Strategic Action Plan
NECCC
National Environmental Conservation Coordination Committee
NPSC
National Project Steering Committee
O&M
Operations and Maintenance
OP
Operational Policy
PCR
Physical Cultural Resources
PIC
Project Implementation Committee
PIM
Project Implementation Manual
PMU
Project Management Union
SA
Social Assessment
SLRD
Settlement and Land Record Department, MOAI
TOR
Terms of Reference
UNFCCC
United Nations Convention on Climate Change
WBG
World Bank Group
WUG
Water User Group
1/ aemufcHtcsuftvufrsm;
2011
ckESpf
jrefrmEdi
k fiHtpd;k &
'Drdkua&pD
(GOM)
onf
jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;rsm;pwifonht
f csdefrSpí
Eki
d fiH
twGif;½Sd
vlrIpD;yGm;tajctaersm;
wd;k wufaumif;rGefa&;udt
k av;xm;aqmif&Guc
f y
Jh gonf/Eki
d fiHtwGif;½Sdtxl;
ojzihE
f i
dk fiHzGUH NzdK;wd;k wufa&;twGufumvwdkESiu
hf mv½Snfvkdtyfcsufrsm;udjk znhf
qnf;&efzGUH Nzd;w
k d;k wufrIOD;pm;ay;tpDtpOfrsm;ESihfvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;csrSwE
f i
dk fap&
efpD;yGm;a&;ESihv
f lrIa&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrlabmif(FESR)ud2
k 012ckESpfwi
G fcsrSwf
aqmif&Guc
f Jy
h gonf/ FRSR t&AsL[majrmufzUGH NzdK;a&;tpDtpOfrsm; aqmif&Guf
&mwGifEi
dk fiHwi
G f;½Sp
d kpkaygif;vlOD;a&\26%½Sdaomt<uif;rJhcsdKUwJE
h Grf;yg;rIukd201
5rwdi
k frw
SD Gif15%txdavQmhcsEdi
k f&efarQmfrSef;cJy
h gonf/
csdKUwJE
h Grf;yg;onft
h qih½
f dSaus;vufEGrf;yg;olrsm;\b0udjk r§iw
fh if&mwGiftpm;
tpmzlvkHrIESihp
f du
k fysdK;a&;zGHYNzd;rIrsm;wd;k wufaumif;rGefapjcif;onfta&;BuD;
onha
f jcvSrf;jzpfygnf/
,if;udkaqmif&Gu&
f efrSmv,f,mpdu
k fysdK;a&;ukefxw
k fpGrf;tm;udkjr§iw
hf if
jcif;tjyifwkd;csJU0efaqmifrIrsm;?tpd;k &acs;aiGrsm;?pdu
k fysdK;a&;u@jznhq
f nf;rI
rsm;jzpfonfht&nftaoG;½SdonhfrsdK;aphrsm;?"gwfajrMoZmrsm;?yd;k owfaq;rsm;t
p½SdonfwdYk uda
k wmifor
l sm;toH;k jyKEdi
k frItwdi
k f;twmudjk r§iw
hf ifaqmif&Gufjcif;
ESit
hf wlvkyfief;vdktyfcsufjznhq
f nfonfhui
G f;qufrsm;wavQmuf½t
Sd wm;tqD;
rsm;udz
k ,f½Sm;jcif;?0,fvkdtm;udkOD;wnfonhfaps;uGuy
f y
Hh ;dk rIvy
k fief;pOfrsm;jr§ihf
wifjcif;ponftm;jzihu
f @vdt
k yfcsufjzpfonhfumv½Snz
f GUJ pnf;yHE
k Sit
hf zGUJ
tpnf;qdkif&mjyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;rsm;twGuf vrf;cif;ay;Ekdifrnfjzpfonf/
jrefrmEdi
k fiH\jrefqefaomvlrIEi
dk fiHa&;tajymif;tvJrsm;ESit
hf wlrMumao;
cifESpfrsm;twGif;Edi
k fiHwumtodi
k f;t0di
k f;ESio
hf HwrefqufqHa&;rsm;wd;k wuf
aumif;rGefvmcJhonf/tusdK;quftaejzihE
f i
dk fiHwumzGUH NzdK;a&;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;
jzpfonhfEdi
k fiHwumaiGaMu;&HyHa
k iGtzGUJ ?urÇmb
h Pf?tm½SzUGH NzdK;a&;bPfponfwkdY
ESihz
f UGH NzdK;a&;yl;aygif;aqmif&Gur
f Irsm;udjk r§iw
hf ifaqmif&GuE
f i
dk fcy
Jh gonf/
Edi
k fiH\zGUH NzdK;a&;vdktyfcsufESihf EGrf;yg;olrsm;\ tajctaersm;udk arQmfawG;í
zGUH NzdK;a&;tzGUJ tpnf;trsm;pkonf¤if;wdYk \zGUH NzdK;a&;tultnDrsm;ESia
hf cs;aiGrsm;
udjk yefvnfpwifcJNh yD;txl;ojzihc
f sdKUwJE
h Grf;yg;rIavsmhcsa&;taxmuftuljzpfap
onfz
h UGH NzdK;a&;qdi
k f&mMum;0ifun
l DrIrsm;twGufaqmif&u
G fvmcJy
h gonf/
aus;vufa'owGifaexdi
k faeonhE
f i
kd fiHvO
l D;a&\70%aomjynfor
l sm;twGuf
BuD;rm;onht
f usdK;oufa&mufrIjzpfaponhp
f u
dk fysdK;a&;ESifhaus;vufa'ozGUH NzdK;
a&;u@rsm;ESihp
f yfvsOf;íurÇmb
h Pfacs;aiG
tar&duef
a':vmoef;
100
tay:tajccHípdu
k fysdK;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrItaxmuftuljyKpDrHue
d f;udkwifjy
cJy
h gonf/pDrHudef;OD;wnfcsufjzpfaomyJcl;ta½SU?aejynfawmf?rEÅav;ESihf
ppfukdif;wdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;½So
d wfrSwfxm;onhv
f uf½q
Sd nfajrmif;pepfrsm;twGif;
oD;ESx
H GuE
f Ief;ESihf cropping intensity wd;k jr§ihf vmapa&;ESit
hf wl pDrHue
d f;twGuf
taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gur
f nht
f zGUJ tpnf;rSmv,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;ESihf
qnfajrmif;0efBuD;Xmejzpfonf/tqdy
k gOD;wnfcsufukdpGrf;aqmifatmifjrifEi
dk f
&efqnfajrmif;ESiha
f &Ekwa
f jrmif;pDrHcefYcr
GJ Iwkd;wufaumif;rGefapjcif;?aumif;rGef
onhp
f u
dk fysdK;a&;tMuHÓPfESihe
f nf;ynm0efaqmifrIrsm;jznhq
f nf;jcif;ponfwkdY
uda
k qmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/pDrHue
d f;taejzihfowfrSww
f di
k f;a'oBuD;rsm;wGifwnf½dS
onhf
vuf½Sd
qnfajrmif;pepfrsm;udjk yKjyifrGrf;rHjcif;?
jyefvnfxa
l xmifjcif;?
acwfESiht
f nDajymif;vJwkd;wufapjcif;ESiho
f wfrSwfxm;½So
d nhe
f nf;ynmqdi
k f&m?
obm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrI-pD;yGm;qdkif&m
pHowfrSwc
f sufrsm;ESiu
hf du
k fna
D pa&;
yHy
h ;dk ulnDomG ;&ef&nf&G,y
f gonf/qufEG,o
f nhv
f ufawGUaqmif&GuE
f i
dk frItpm;
tpmavhvmrIrsm;?enf;ynmqdi
k f&mtao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;ESihftuJjzwf
csufrsm;aqmif&GuNf yD;pD;onfESiw
hf NydKifeufpDrHue
d f;taumiftxnfazmfpOfumv
twGif;&if;ES;D jr§KyfES&
H eftao;pdwfae&mrsm;udkowfrSwfa&G;cs,fygrnf/
tqdjk yKpDrHue
d f;wGiftydi
k f;(4)ydi
k f;yg0ifítao;pdwfvy
k fief;rsm;rSmatmufyg
twdi
k f;jzpfygonf/
tydi
k f; (1) – qnfajrmif;ESiha
f &Ekwa
f jrmif; pDrHcefYcr
GJ I
þtydi
k f;taejzihp
f HdrHue
d f;{&d,mtwGif;½Sq
d nfajrmif;ESiha
f &Ekwa
f jrmif;0ef
aqmifrIrsm;vdt
k yfcsufESihu
f du
k fnND yD;ydr
k t
dk m;xm;Edi
k fonhfjznhq
f nf;rIrsm;jzpfap
&efESihq
f nfa&ay;Edi
k frI{&d,myrmPwd;k yGm;apjcif;?v,f,mukefxw
k fpGrf;tm;wd;k
wufjcif;ESihf upstream and downsteam a&toH;k jyKolrsm;tMum;ydr
k dk
aumif;rGef
onht
f usdK;tjrwfjzefYa0rIrsm;ponfwdYk aqmif&GuE
f i
dk fap&efjzpfonf/atmufyg
enf;vrf;rSwqifq
h nfajrmif;ESihfa&Ekwa
f jrmif;pDrHcefYcr
GJ Iup
d ö&yfrsm;udkajz½Sif;
aqmif&GuE
f di
k fygonf/
OD;pGmtaejziha
f wmifor
l sm;vdt
k yfcsuftvdu
k fjznhq
f nf;Edi
k fonhfqnf
ajrmif;0efaqmifrIrsm;twGufvdt
k yfonfhtzGUJ tpnf;qdi
k f&m tajymif; tvJrsm;
udt
k "duxm;aqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/¤if;tcsufonfa&toH;k jyKtzGUJ rsm;(WUG)t
wGuy
f r
dk jdk rihr
f m;onht
f cef;u@rsm;?ydr
k í
dk vdt
k yfcsuftvdu
k fjzpfonfa
h &jzefYjzL;
a&;pepfrsm;?tcsuftvufaumuf,ljcif;ESit
hf csuftvufpDrHcefYcr
GJ Ipepfrsm;zGUH
NzdK;a&;ESihw
f jznf;jznf;csif;pwiftoH;k jyKEdi
k fa&;ponft
h csufrsm;yg0ifonhf
pDrHcefYcr
GJ IyHp
k Htopfwkd;wufjzpfay:vmap&efvkdtyfygonf/
ADSP
taejzihf
qnfajrmif;ESiha
f &EIwa
f jrmif;pDrHcefYcr
GJ ItzGUJ tpnf;rsm;?¤if;wdkY\vlom;t&if;
tjrpfrsm;?tcsuftvufaumuf,ljcif;ESihftcsuftvufpDrHcefYcr
GJ IpepfESihf
tajccHtaqmufttHr
k sm;
qnfajrmif;{&d,m
wd;k wufzUGH NzdK;ap&ef
(8)cktwGif;
yHy
h ;dk ulnDomG ;ygrnf/
a&toH;k jyKtzGUJ aygif;
xdYk jyif
(280)cefY
zGUJ pnf;
aqmif&GuE
f di
k f&efESiht
f &yfzuftzGUJ tpnf;rsm;rSyy
Hh ;dk ulnDrIrsm;udv
k nf;toH;k
jyKEdi
k f&efyHy
h d;k ulnDoGm;ygrnf/a&toH;k jyKtzGUJ rsm;
(WUG)ESihf
NrdKUe,ftqihf
tpd;k &tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;tygt0if0efaqmifrIjzefYjzL;onft
h zGUJ tpnf;rsm;\
tqiht
f m;vHk;twGufvkyfief;pGrf;&nfjr§io
hf ifwef;rsm;udk jznhq
f nf;oGm;ygrnf/
WUG
tzGUJ rsm;zGUH NzdK;a&;?
awmifor
l sm;ESihf
tpd;k &tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;tMum;
aygif;ul;csdwfqufrIrsm;ay:xGef;a&;wdYk twGufyy
Hh ;dk onh(f facilitators)rsm;twGuf
oifwef;rsm;jznhq
f nf;oGm;ygrnf/xdkYjyifyr
dk a
dk umif;rGefonh0
f efaqmifrIjzefYjzL;
jcif;ESiht
f pDtpOfpDrHcefYcGjJ cif;rsm;twGue
f nf;ynmESip
hf DrHcefYcr
GJ Ienf;vrf;topf
rsm;twGuW
f UGrsm;ESift
h zGUJ tpnf;trIxrf;rsm;udkoifwef;rsm;jznhq
f nf;oGm;yg
rnf/ ydr
k da
k umif;rGefonhf owif;tcsuftvufrQa0rIESihf ydr
k t
dk m;xm;Edi
k fonhf
qnfajrmif;ESiha
f &EIwa
f jrmif;0efaqmifrIrsm;jznhq
f nf;Edi
k fap&efpDrHue
d f;taejzihf
pDrHcefYcr
GJ Iqkdif&m owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ESihf qH;k jzwfaqmif&Gufjcif; qdi
k f&m
yHy
h ;dk rIpepfrsm;jznhq
f nf;jcif;?
tajccHtaqmufttHr
k sm;ESihf
yHy
h ;dk rIt*Fg&yfrsm;
wd;k wufaumif;rGefapjcif;ESihu
f Gif;qif;aqmif&Guo
f nhf0efxrf;rsm;\jzefYMuuf
oGm;vmaqmif&GuE
f di
k frIrsm;udk
jr§iw
hf ifjcif;ponhe
f nf;vrf;
rsm;jzihf
MOAI
½Sd
qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme\pDrHcefYcGr
J It&nftaoG;rsm;ydr
k c
dk i
dk frmtm;aumif;apa&;udk
vnf; aqmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/
xdYk tjyif
t&efpDrHue
d f;tydi
k f;taejzihf
a&G;cs,fxm;onhf
qnfajrmif;ESihf
tpDtpOf
(8)ck½Sd
a&Ekwa
f jrmif;
owfrSww
f di
k f;a'oBuD;rsm;½Sd
tus,ft0ef;
40ç000ha
tajccHtaqmufttHr
k sm;
yg0ifonhf
wd;k wufaumif;rGef
a&;ESihf jyefvnfxa
l xmifa&;vkyfief;rsm;twGub
f @ma&;yHy
h ;dk ulnDomG ;ygrnf/
¤if;taejziht
f "du
Conveyance
a&pD;qif;rIxe
d f;csKyfjcif;
Ekef;wifjcif;pDrHcefYcGr
J Ipepfrsm;?
Ekef;wifrIz,f½Sm;jcif;ESihf
jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;ESihf
ulno
D Gm;ygrnf/
wd;k wuf
(cropping
ydr
k dr
k Qwonhf
?
a&EIwa
f jrmif;pepfrsm;\
aumif;rGefa&;rsm;twGuf
awmifor
l sm;twGuf
tMum;
control)
qnfvkHjcHKa&;jr§iw
hf ifonfhtpDtrHrsm;
ajymif;vJaqmif&GuE
f di
k frI
awmifor
l sm;
qnfajrmif;ESihf
(flow
ponfwkdY
b@ma&;yHy
h ;dk
oD;ESp
H u
dk fysdK;jcif;udk
vdt
k yfovdk
ESihf
tzsm;ydi
k f;½Sd
a&jzefYjzL;jcif;ykp
H Hrsm;ESihf
awmifor
l sm;
flexibility)?
Upstream
tMum; tjyeftvSefrSc
D d&
k rI (¤if;onf xH;k wrf;tpOftvm v,fuu
G f (okYd )
pdu
k fuu
G fwckESihw
f cktMum;
tvmv,fuu
G f
(okYd )
tjyeftvSefrSc
D &
dk rI
pdu
k fuu
G fwpfckESihf
pepfrsm;ponftcsufrsm;twGuv
f dt
k yfonhf
a&pDrH
cefYcGr
J ItajccHtaqmuftr
Hk sm;ESihf
(¤if;onf
xH;k wrf;
wpfcktMum;
a&
awmifolrsm;rS
owfrSwfpepf
tpOf
conveyance
pDrHcefYco
GJ nhf
(2-3)½Sd
ajr,m
aumif;rGefa&;prf;oyftpDtpOfrsm;wd;k wufaumif;rGefapa&;udv
k nf;þpDrHue
d f;
rSyy
Hh ;dk ulnDomG ;ygrnf/ tajccHtaqmufttHr
k sm;jyefvnfxa
l xmifjcif; qdi
k f&m
&if;ES;D jr§KyfESr
H Irsm;onfa&G;cs,fxm;onfq
h nfajrmif;tpDtpOfrsm;wGifOD;wnf
aqmif&Guo
f nht
f xl;avhvmqef;ppfrIrsm;tay:tajccHaqmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/
¤if;wGiftjcm;t&mrsm;teufvufawGUaqmif&GuE
f i
dk frItvm;tvmavhvmjcif;?
obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf vlrIa&;&mtuJjzwfcsufrsm;? aumif;rGefonhf ukefus
p&dwu
f mrda&;enf;vrf;rsm;?pGrf;&nftuJjzwfpHowfrSwjf cif;?tpDtpOfpDrHcefYcr
GJ I
wd;k wufaumif;rGefjcif;tvm;tvm?ypön;f pDrHcefYcGr
J o
I bm0ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefY
cGr
J I?qnfvkHjcHKa&;ESihfa&EIwfajrmif;txl;tpDtpOfrsm;tp½SdonfwkdYyg0ifygonf/
tNyD;owftaejzihf
pDrHue
d f;
&nf&G,o
f wfrSwx
f m;onhq
f nfajrmif;ESihf
ajr,maumif;rGefa&;ae&mrsm;½Sdajr,mvkyfyi
dk fcGiu
hf dpö&yfrsm;ESip
hf yfvsOf;í
½Sif;vif;rI½Sa
d &;udkvnf;txl;tav;ay;aqmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/þ
tydi
k f;onf
&nf&G,o
f nfhqnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;ae&mrsm;½Sdyg0ifaqmif&Guc
f Gi½
hf dSaomajr,mpDrH
cefYca
GJ &;vkyfief;rsm;udkyHy
h d;k ulnDygrnf/
CatastralajryHr
k sm;topfjyKjyifjcif;ESihfdigitalajr,mrSwfwrf;rsm;zefw;D jcif;rsm;ESihf
ywfoufíEdi
k fiHwumtaumif;qH;k vkyfxH;k vkyfenf;rsm;tay:tajccHum&nf
&G,o
f nhq
f nfa&&Edi
k faoma'orsm;twGuf
digital
ajryHt
k opfrsm;
catastral
xkwv
f kyfjcif;udv
k nf;aqmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/tqdy
k gajryHr
k sm;tay:
tajccHí
awmifor
l sm;tm;ajr,mtoH;k jyKcGiv
hf ufrSwf(LUC)topfrsm;udx
k kwa
f y;oGm;yg
rnf/ ajr,m odrf;qnf;jcif;ESihf a&mif;0,fjcif;rsm;twGuf vdt
k yfcsufrsm;udk
avsmhcsay;Edi
k frnhf&ydkifcGihq
f di
k f&mwkYH jyefajz½Sif;vG,a
f omajrtpdwftydi
k f;tcif;t
usif;tpDtpOfrsm;xkwv
f kyfEdi
k f&ef&yf&Gmyg0ifaqmif&Gur
f Itay:pwifíajr,mzGUH
NzdK;a&;prf;oyftpDtpOfrsm;udkEi
dk fiHwumtaumif;qH;k vkyfxH;k vkyfenf;rsm;jzihf
aqmif&Guy
f grnf/xdYk tjyifpDrHue
d f;taejzihfcHpm;cGi½
hf dSonha
f wmifor
l sm;tm;ynm
ay;Edi
k f&ef&yf&Gmod½Sdem;vnfrIjr§iw
hf ifjcif;qdi
k f&mtpDtpOfrsm;udy
k y
Hh ;dk rnfjzpfNyD;
a&mif;0,fEdi
k faomajr,mtoHk;jyKcGir
fh sm;jziha
f ps;uGup
f D;yGm;a&;rsm;aqmif&GuE
f i
dk f
&efawmifor
l sm;tm;v,f,majrwefz;dk rsm;?aps;uGup
f D;yGm;a&;qdkif&menf;vrf;
rsm;tm;todynmay;oGm;ygrnf/&nf&G,c
f sufrSmawmifor
l sm;tm;ajr,ma&mif;
0,fjcif;ESihy
f wfoufí
today;rIr½Sdaom(okdY)Ncdrfa;jcmuftusyfui
dk fjcif;rsm;rS
umuG,a
f y;&efjzpfonf/
tydi
k f; (2) – pdu
k fysdK;a&;qdi
k f&mtMuHÓPfESihf enf;ynm0efaqmifrIrsm;
þtydi
k f;taejzihfv,f,mxkwu
f kefvy
k fief;rsm;wd;k wufa&;twGuf
a&G;cs,fxm;onhq
f nfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;½Sd&mNrdKUe,frsm;½Sd
MOAI\enf;ynm
zGUH NzdK;a&;ESihp
f du
k fysdK;a&;tMuHay;0efaqmifrIrsm;wd;k wufaumif;rGefap&ef½SmazG
aqmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/tydi
k f;(1)t&a&G;cs,fxm;onfq
h nfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;
wd;k wufaumif;rGefjcif;&v'ftjzpfa&xdef;csKyfrIESi&
hf ½SdEi
dk frIrsm;wd;k wufaumif;
rGefvmrnfjzpfonf/þtydi
k f;(2)t&yHy
h ;dk onha
f umif;rGefaomenf;ynmrsm;ESihf
pdu
k fysdK;a&;vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;xkwv
f kyfjcif;ESiw
hf d;k csJUjcif;rsm;onfþpDrHue
d f;
rsm;½Sv
d ,f,mpepfrsm;\pD;yGm;a&;ESihb
f @ma&;awmifw
h if;rIrsm;udkyr
dk a
dk umif;rGef
apygonf/
awmifor
l sm;taejzihf
Cropping
indensity
rsm;
ydr
k a
dk umif;rGef
ap&efaqmif&Guv
f mEdi
k frSmjzpfovdv
k ufawGUjzpfEi
dk fonhfae&mrsm;wGifLEGUNESqD
xGuo
f D;ESr
H sm;ESih[
f if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;ponfa&toH;k jyKrIyr
dk dkxda&mufaomoD;ESH
rsm;udu
k GJjym;pGmpdu
k fysdK;Edi
k fvmygrnf/ydr
k a
dk umif;rGefaomtrsdK;tpm;trsdK;rsdK;?
aumif;rGefaomrsdK;aphESihfydr
k da
k umif;rGefaoma&&½Sr
d Itajctaeay:rlwnfítqihf
jrih"
f gwfajrMoZmtMuHjyKcsufrsm;\p&dwE
f Siht
f usdK;aus;Zl;rsm;udy
k r
dk o
dk d½e
Sd m;
vnfvmjcif;jzihu
f kefxw
k fpGrf;tm;rsm;wd;k jr§iv
hf mEdi
k frSmjzpfovdt
k jcm;pdu
k fysdK;a&;
ESihp
f ufrIv,f,mvkyfenf;vkyf[efrsm;udt
k oH;k jyKEdi
k fvmrSmjzpfonf/tqdy
k genf;
ynmrsm;onf&nf&G,fonhq
f nfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;½Sdpu
dk fysdK;a*[0ef;usiftopf
rsm;twGut
f vku
d foiha
f jymif;vJ&efvkdtyfygrnf/
þtydi
k f;onfenf;ynmzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIESi&
hf nf&G,o
f nhfqnfajrmif;pDrH
udef;½Sdvy
k fief;rsm;uda
k qmif&Gu&
f mwGifyy
Hh ;dk ulnDrnfjzpfNyD;v,f,mukefxw
k fvy
k f
rIwkd;jr§ia
hf &;ESihv
f ,f,mpepfrsm;\ukefxw
k fvy
k frIp&dwf avQmhcsa&;rsm;udv
k nf;
yHy
h ;dk aqmif&Guy
f grnf/¤if;taejzihv
f uf½t
Sd rsm;jynfoq
l di
k f&mwd;k csJUpepfrsm;wGif
wnfaqmufrnfjzpfí¤if;wdYk rSm0efxrf;tajctaeaumif;rGefrI½a
Sd omfvnf;
vkyfief;aqmif&u
G frI&HyHa
k iG?acwfre
SD nf;ynmrsm;ESihfv,f,mvkyfief;vkyfx;Hk vkyf
enf;?awmifolrsm;ESihjf yefve
S fqufqa
H &;ponhfu@rsm;wGifvpf[mrIrsm;½Sy
d g
onf/þtydi
k f;onftqdy
k gtm;enfcsufrsm;uda
k jz½Sif;aqmif&Guy
f grnf/vkyfief;
obm0t&awmifot
l ajcjyKrsdK;aphqify
h Gm;tajccHtaqmufttHr
k sm;ESihy
f y
Hh ;dk rI
t*Fg&yfrsm;zGUH NzdK;a&;ESihr
f sdK;aphjznhq
f nf;onhfuGif;qufrsm;cdkifrmtm;aumif;ap
jcif;jziht
f &nftaoG;jynh0
f onfhrsdK;aphxw
k fvy
k fjcif; (t"dutm;jzihf pyg;? yJ
trsdK;rsdK;ESihf
yk*¾vu
d u@rS
xkwv
f kyfjcif;r½So
d nhf
qDxu
G fo;D ESr
H sm;)
rsm;
udy
k y
Hh ;dk ulnDygrnf/¤if;taejzifo
h D;ESHtrsdK;rsdK;zHHGUNzdK;a&;?v,f,majrrsdK;aphqify
h Gm;
jcif;?aumif;rGefaomrsdK;aphrsm;awmifolrsm;xHodkYjzefYjzL;jcif;ponhv
f kyfief;rsm;
wd;k wufaumif;rGefapa&;aqmif&Guy
f grnf/&nf&G,fonhq
f nfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;
½SdajrqDvmT trsdK;tpm;trsdK;rsdK;ESiu
hf du
k fnDonha
f umif;rGefaom"mwfajrMoZmt
oH;k jyKrIrsm;jzihq
f Davsmfaomtm[m&toH;k jyKjcif;tvdu
k f{uxGuE
f Ief;ajymif;vJ
wd;k wufrIEIef;rsm;aumif;rGefvmNyD;oD;ESHtopftrsdK;rsdK;\tvm;tvmtjynht
f
0jzpfxGef;atmifjrifíukefusp&dwr
f sm;avsmhcsEdi
k fap&efarQmfrSef;xm;ygonf/ab;
tEÅ&m,ftvm;tvm½So
d nht
f if;qufyd;k rTm;ESihfa&m*gjzpfyGm;olrsm;aMumihjf zpf
aomoD;ESq
H H;k ½IH;rIrsm;uda
k jz½Sif;Edi
k f&efpDrHue
d f;NrdKUe,frsm;½Sy
d ;dk rTm;erlemowfrSwf
aumuf,ljcif;&v'frsm;tay:tajccHíaygif;pyfy;dk rTm;pDrHcefYcr
GJ I(IPM)enf;pepf
rsm;rSwqiht
f rsm;jynfou
l sef;rma&;ESihfobm0ywf0ef;usifrsm;udkumuG,fEi
dk f
&efMOAIESiha
f wmifor
l sm;\pGrf;&nfwkd;wufaumif;rGefap&efaqmif&Guy
f grnf/
awmifor
l sm;\vdt
k yfcsufrsm;?enf;ynmqdi
k f&muefYowfcsufrsm;?v,f,mpepf
rsm;?aps;uGuftcGihftvrf;rsm;tay:tajccHonhfaumif;rGefaompdu
k fysdK;a&;
tMuHay;0efaqmifrIrsm;rSwqifh&nf&G,o
f nha
f wmifor
l sm;xHodkYaumif;rGefaom
pdu
k fysdK;a&;enf;ynmzGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm;ESiv
hf ,f,mvkyfief;vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;
qdi
k f&mydr
k da
k umif;rGefonht
f od
ynmrsm;udjk zefYa0Edi
k f&efaqmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/
aus;&Gmwd;k csJUynma&;pifwmrsm;jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;?ydr
k a
dk umif;rGefonfh
enf;ynmtoH;k jyK?o½kyfjypdu
k fcif;rsm;xlaxmifjcif;?oifwef;tpDtpOfrsm;wd;k csJU
jcif;?
MOAI
rSwkd;csJU0efxrf;rsm;ESihfynm½Sifrsm;\vkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f IESifh
jzefYMuufomG ;vmrIrsm;twGufþpDrHue
d f;rSyy
Hh ;dk ulnDomG ;ygrnf/pDrHudef;a'o
rsm;wGifo;D ESp
H du
k fysdK;jcif;ESih&
f dwo
f drf;jcif;umvrsm;üaus;vuftvkyform;p&dwf
jrihr
f m;jcif;ESihi
f Sm;&rf;aqmif&Guo
f nht
f vkyform;½Sm;yg;vmonht
f axmuft
xm;rsm;awGUae&ygonf/xdYk jyifawmifor
l sm;taejzihfaumuf&dwfodrf;umv
aemufyi
dk f;qH;k ½IH;rIjrihr
f m;jcif;udkvnf;MuHKawGUae&ygonf/jrefrmEdi
k fiH½Sdtao;
pm;v,f,mvkyfief;vkyfukdifor
l sm;\BuD;rm;onhp
f kduy
f sdK;ajrt&G,t
f pm;rsm;rSm
vnf;&nf&G,o
f nhfqnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;wGiftjrwftpGef;rsm;onfp
h ufrIv,f
,mtwGua
f umif;rGefonht
f ajctaeowfrSwfcsufrsm;udz
k efw;D aeygonf/odkY
aomfv,f,moH;k pufypön;f toHk;jyKrIESiy
hf wfoufíjrefrmawmifor
l sm;rSm
tdrfeD;csif;Edi
k fiHrsm;ESihfEdi
I f;,SOfvQifrsm;pGmaemufususef&pfaeygonf/yk*¾vu
d
u@taejzihv
f nf;pufrIv,f,m0efaqmifrIrsm;jznhq
f nf;Edi
k frI½Sm;yg;ygonf/
Eki
d fiHtaejzihv
f ,f,moH;k pufypön;f ESiht
f if*sifeD,mydi
k f;vkyfief;rsm;twGuc
f i
dk frm
onht
f oufarG;0rf;ausmif;oifwef;rsm;r½Sdyg/þtydi
k f;onf
MOAI
pufjyif
q&mrsm;twGuo
f ifwef;rsm;?tao;pm;v,f,mvkyfief;pepfrsm;twGuo
f ihf
awmfonh&
f moDOwkESihu
f du
k fnDaomenf;ynmtopfrsm;prf;oyfjcif;?o½kyfjyjcif;
?&nf&G,o
f nhq
f nfajrmif;pepfrsm;wGifpufrIv,f,m0efaqmifrIrsm;jznfq
h nf;
jcif;ponfvy
k fief;rsm;tm;yHy
h d;k ulnDomG ;ygrnf/acwfro
SD ifwef;enf;pepfrsm;?
ypön;f rsm;?tqihjf rihjf yKjyifa&;tvkyf½r
Hk sm;jzihr
f EÅav;wdi
k f;a'oBuD;twGif;½SdrdwDå
vmpufrIv,f,moifwef;pifwm\pGrf;&nftqihfjr§iw
hf ifjcif;vkyfief;rsm;udk
aqmif&Gu&
f efMOAIpufrIv,f,m0efaqmifrIpcef;rsm;½S0
d efxrf;rsm;?awmifor
l sm;
ESiy
hf k*¾vduu@rsm;twGuy
f dr
k dí
k aumif;rGefonhfoifwef;rsm;jznhq
f nf;ay;oGm;
ygrnf/
xdYk jyifpDrHue
d f;a'orsm;½Sd
pufrIv,f,m
MOAI
0efaqmifrIpcef;
(4)ckESiy
hf wfoufípufypön;f ypön;f rsm;yHhy;dk jznhq
f nf;ay;jcif;?a&G;cs,fxm;onhf
a&TUajymif;jyKjyifa&;tvkyf½Hr
k sm;jznhq
f nf;jcif;?yk*¾vu
d u@ESiy
hf l;aygif;í
&moDOwkESihu
f du
k fno
D nhp
f ufrIv,f,menf;ynmrsm;tm;awmifor
l sm;xHodkY
a&muf½a
Sd p&efjr§ihw
f ifjcif;?yljyif;ajcmufaoGUonha
f 'orsm;½Sdtao;pm;v,f,m
vkyfief;pepfrsm;twGuo
f iha
f wmfonhp
f &dwo
f ufomaom0efaqmifrIrsm;jznhf
qnf;jcif;?awmifor
l sm;twGufoifwef;rsm;jznhq
f nf;jcif;ponfjzihf
yHy
h ;dk ulnDomG ;ygrnf/
tydi
k f; (3) – pDrHue
d f;nd§Edi
I f;aqmif&Gujf cif;ESihf pDrHcefYcr
GJ I
MOAI
wGif
pDrHue
d f;
pDrHcefYcr
GJ I,e
l pf
(PMU)udz
k UGJ pnf;ygrnf/
enf;ynmqdi
k f&mESihb
f @mxdef;odrf;a&;qdi
k f&m
MOAI
\oufqkdif&mtaumiftxnfazmfa&;Xmersm;rS
¤if;wGif
0efxrf;rsm;tm; ¤if; wkYd
okYd
PMU
tcsdefjynhf
pepf
jziha
f &TUajymif;wm0efxrfa;qmifapygrnf/ axmufyHy
h Ydk aqmifa&;? b@ma&;&m
pDrHcefYcr
GJ I?ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;qdkif&mpDrHcefYcr
GJ I?tzGUJ tpnf;twGif;ESihfjyifypm&if;
ppfaq;jcif;?
pDrHue
d f;ppfaq;tuJjzwfpepf
(M&E)
tygt0ifpDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfjcif;ESihf
vTrf;jcHK
MOAI
ndE
§ di
I f;qmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk
PMU
\taumiftxnfazmfjcif;qdkif&m
xlaxmifjcif;
ponfwkdY
b@mxdef;odrf;jcif;rsm;twGuf
rS
wm0ef,a
l qmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/
pGrf;aqmif&nf
vdt
k yfc
f suf½dSonhf
ae&mrsm;wGifjyifyynm½Sifrsm;udkiSm;&rf;toH;k jyKoGm;ygrnf/
axmifjcif;?pDrHcefYcGr
J Iowif;tcsuftvufrsm;xlaxmif
jcif;?
M&E
pepfxl
qufEG,o
f nhf
enf;ynmqdi
k f&m (TA) tMuHay; 0efaqmifrIrsm;? qufo,
G fa&;ESihf tMuHjyK
aqG;aEG;a&;tpDtpOfrsm;?jyifyrSiSm;&rf;toH;k jyKonh0
f efxrf;vpmrsm;?qufpyf½Hk;
oH;k ypön;f ESihjf zefYMuufomG ;vmrIrsm;ponhv
f kyfief;rsm;tm;aiGaMu;yHhy;dk oGm;yg
rnf/
tydi
k f;(4) ta&;ay:tajctaeqdi
k f&m b@ma&;&mrsm;
þ(okntpdwt
f ydi
k f;)tydi
k f;\OD;wnfcsufrSmqd;k &Gm;onho
f bm0ab;&ef
tajctaersm;jzpfyGm;NyD;aemufyi
dk f;ta&;ay:jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;ESihfjyef
vnfxa
l xmifa&;rsm;aqmif&Gu&
f eftjcm;tydi
k f;rsm;?acs;aiGrsm;udv
k sifjrefpGmjyef
vnfca
GJ 0csxm;toH;k jyKEdi
k f&efjzpfonf/jrefrmEdi
k fiHta&;ay:tajctaejyefvnf
xlaxmifa&;qdkif&mudpö&yfrsm;twGufvdt
k yfonhy
f pön;f rsm;pm&if;ESit
hf ao;pdwf
vkyfief;rsm;?ukefypön;f ^0efaqmifrIrsm;?ta&;ay:tajctaeaqmif&Gur
f Ip&dwf
rsm;ponfwdkYESihy
f wfoufítrsm;jynfoE
l Siy
hf k*¾vduu@ukefusp&dwr
f sm;tm;
þtydi
k f;rSaiGaMu;yHhyd;k oGm;ygrnf/þtydkif;twGufta&;ay:tajctaeajz½Sif;
aqmif&Gur
f Ivy
k fief;vrf;ñTef;udt
k oH;k jyKrnfjzpfNyD;b@ma&;pDrHcefYcr
GJ IaxmufyHh
ydYk aqmifa&;?ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;ESihftjcm;vdt
k yfaomtaumiftxnfazmfa&;tpD
tpOfrsm;ESihy
f wfoufí tao;pdwy
f g0ifygonf/
2/ pDrHudef;jcHKiHko;Hk oyfcsuf
2.1/ pDrHue
d f;&if;ES;D jr§KyfESr
H IESihf tMuHK;0ifrI
tqdjk yKpDrHudef;taejzihf&nf&G,fonfhajrqGt
J m;qnfajrmif;owfrSwc
f suf
abmifrsm;(aemufqufwG(J 1)wGifae&ma&G;cs,fa&;pHowfrSwc
f sufrsm;tao;pdwf
uda
k zmfjyxm;ygonf/)\ta&twGuE
f Sit
hf &G,t
f pm;qdi
k f&maysmhajymif;vG,ful
aoma&G;cs,fowfrSwjf cif;aqmif&GufEi
kd frnht
f qihq
f iha
f qmif&GufrIenf;vrf;udk
toH;k jyKygrnf/
a&G;cs,fpDrHue
d f;taumiftxnfazmfjcif;udk
ao;i,fí
enf;ynmt&½Sif;vif;vG,fuo
l nhq
f nfajrmif;pDrHudef;ae&mrsm;jzihfpwif&eft
MuHjyKxm;ygonf/ tqdy
k g ueOD;prf;oyftpDtpOf a'orsm;rS tawGUtMuHK
oifcef;pmrsm;&½Sdvmygu
wjznf;jznf;csif;
ydr
k Bdk uD;rm;onhp
f epfrsm;
(okYd )
ydr
k d½
k y
I faxG;onhp
f epfrsm;okYd qufvuft½Sdefjr§ia
hf qmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/
½IyfaxG;rIrsm;\yrmPrSmjrefrmEdi
k fiH\twdwu
f mv a&GUajymif;rIudpö&yfrsm;ESihf
qufEG,a
f erIrsm;aMumiht
f qdy
k gtjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udkajz½Sif;&rnhfue
k fusp&dwr
f sm;
rSmpDrHue
d f;\wdu
k f½dkuftusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;xufrsm;pGmausmfvGefEi
dk fzG,f½y
Sd gonf/pD
rHue
d f;taejzifhvlrIa&;&mtuJjzwfcsuf(SA)t&BuD;rm;onfhajr,mtjiif;yGg;rI&Sd
onfa
h e&mrsm;wGifpDrHue
d f;vkyfief;rsm;yg0ifrnf r[kwy
f g/
tqdjk yKonhp
f DrHudef;&if;ESSD;jr§KyfEr
SH Irsm;onftjyKoabmaqmifonhv
f lrIa&;
ESio
hf bm0ywf0ef;usifqdi
k f&mtusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;azmfaqmifEi
dk fonhy
f p
Hk Hjzpfap&ef
ESihf urÇmb
h Pfrl0g'rsm;ESihfvdu
k femrI½a
Sd p&ef arQmfrSef; xm;ygonf/ obm0
ywf0ef;usifqkdif&mtuJjzwfcsuf (OP
4.01)?obm0awm½dkif;ajrrsm;
½kyfyi
dk f;qdi
k f&m,Ofaus;rIt&if;tjrpfrsm;(OP
(OP
4.37)?yd;k rTm;pDrHcefYcGr
J I(OP 4.09)?
ae&mcsxm;jcif;
(OP
4.12)?
4.11)?
(OP4.04)
qnfrsm;ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;
qE´tavsmuf r[kwf aom a&TUajymif;
a'ocHwkdif;&if;om;jynfor
l sm;
4.10)?
(OP
ponfwkdYjzpfonf/ þpDrHue
d f;tm;obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&mtkyfpk (1)tjzpf
urÇmb
h Pf\rl0g'(OP/BP4.01)t&trsdK;tpm;cGjJ cm;xm;ygonf/¤if;rSmtqdjk yK
onhq
f nfajrmif;vkyfief;rsm;\jyefvnfxa
l xmifa&;oabmobm0t&t"du
tm;jziho
f bm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&mtuJjzwfcsufaMumihjf zpfNyD;¤if;taejzihfvuf
½Sdpu
dk fysdK;ajrrsm;ay:wnf½SdNyD;qnfajrmif;pepfrsm;\twdi
k f;twmtwGif;aqmif
&Gur
f Smjzpfovdkvuf½Sq
d nfrsm;ESiy
hf wfoufíab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ESifhvkyfief;qdkif
&mwd;k wufaumif;rGefa&;twGua
f Mumihjf zpfonf/ (Oyrm qnf\ ud,
k fxnf
ydi
k f;ESiy
hf wfoufonhf
a,bl,svkyfief;rsm;wGif
rsm;jyKjyifjcif;?vuf½Sd
Spillway
rsm;jyKjyifjcif;?
avsmapmif;ESihf
avhvmppfaq;
Crest
a&;
rsm;wyfqifjcif;?*dwx
f def;pufypön;f rsm;jyKjyifjcif;?,dp
k drr
fh Iavsmhcs&ef
Cover
ypön;f
infiltration
blanketsrsm;jznhq
f nf;jcif;?rsufESmjyiftoHk;jyKvrf;rsm;vdt
k yfovdkjznhq
f nf;jcif;
rsm;yg0ifygonf/)¤if;tqdjk yKvkyfief;rsm;\obm0ywf0ef;usiftay:ouf
a&mufrIrsm;rSma,bl,stm;jziht
f jyKoabm½Sdrnf[a
k rQmfrSef;ygonf/
pDrHudef;\yHp
k Htm;jzihv
f nf;a&½Snw
f nfwa
Hh omzGUH NzdK;wd;k wufrIESi&
hf moDOwkt
wGuu
f du
k fna
D ompdu
k fysdK;a&;xkwv
f kyfrIpepfrsm;ay:txl;tav;xm;aqmif&Guf
xm;aomaMumihjf zpfonf/tao;pm;wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;ESiy
hf wfoufí
,m,Dqkd;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;½SE
d i
dk faomfvnf;¤if;wkYd rSm vuf½q
Sd nfa&&½Sdaom
pdkuy
f sdK;a&;tajccHtaqmufttHr
k sm;jyefvnfxa
l xmifa&;ESihfaumif;rGefa&;t
wGuo
f m tuefYtowfjzihf aqmif&Gur
f nfjzpfonf/
pDrHudef;taejzihftao;pm;wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;jzpfaomrsdK;aphokd
avSmifcef;rsm;?pdu
k fysdK;a&;rsdK;aphrsm;twGufoka
d vSmifyHy
h ;dk rIt*Fg&yfrsm;ESit
hf jcm;
qufEG,o
f nhu
f kefavSmif½Hr
k sm;
(¤if;wkdYtm;vH;k rSm
DAR
ESihf
DOA
rSyi
dk fqkdif
onha
f jr(okYd )vuf½SdrsdK;aphysdK;cif;rsm;wGifwnf½y
Sd gonf)ponhv
f kyfief;rsm;udk
b@ma&;yHy
h d;k ygrnf/xdYk tjyifvuf½w
Sd nfae&mrsm;twGif;(okYd )jyefvnfxl
axmifonhfpifwmtopfrsm;½Sa
d us;&Gmwdk;csJUynma&;pifwmrsm;?jyefvnfxl
axmifa&;udkyHy
h d;k rnfjzpfovdkEdi
k fiHyi
dk fajray:½Sd
tpd;k &taqmuftOD;rsm;twGuf
vdt
k yf onhf jznfhqnf;rIrsm;udv
k nf; yHy
h ;dk ygrnf/
pDrHudef;rSyHy
h d;k aomtjcm;vkyfief;rsm;jzpfonhfqnfajrmif;enf;ynmrsm;
prf;oyfaqmif&Gujf cif;?ajr,mrsm;aygif;pnf;jcif;ESiy
hf wfoufíEdi
k fiHwumt
aumif;qHk;enf;vrf;rsm;prf;oyfaqmif&Gujf cif;?rSwfyw
Hk ifjcif;ESihftdrfjcHajrwefzdk;
owfrSwjf cif;pepfrsm;?vufawGUaqmif&GuE
f i
kd frIavhvmjcif;?qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;
yHp
k Hrsm;?qnfab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;vufawGUaqmif&GuE
f i
dk frIESihftjcm;avhvmrIrsm;t
aejzihf tvm;tvm½Sdaomobm0ywf0ef; usifESihf vlrIa&;&m oufa&muf
rIrsm;tm;oH;k oyftuJjzwfrnfjzpfovdu
k dpö&yfwpfckcsif;pDtajccHjzihftjcm;enf;
vrf;rsm;udv
k nf;
pOf;pm;aqmif&Guí
f
urÇmb
h PfrS
½Sif;vif;onhf
TOR
rsm;tay:tajccHí aqmif&Guo
f Gm; ygrnf/
pDrHudef;taejziha
f jrjyifa&t&if;tjrpfrsm;(a&avSmifuef)udo
k mtoH;k jyK
rnfjzpfNyD;¤if;rSa&tm;urÇmq
h Gt
J m;oHk;qnfajrmif;pepfrsm;rSjzefYjzL;ygrnf/
pDrHudef;taejzihq
f nftopfrsm;wnfaqmufjcif;(okYd )vuf½Sdqnfrsm;\zGUJ pnf;
yHa
k jymif;vJjcif;rsm;tm;
aiGaMu;yHy
h ;dk rnfr[kwy
f g/
pDrHue
d f;rSaiGaMu;yHhy;dk onhf
qnfajrmif;pepfrsm;onfvuf½w
Sd nf½NSd yD;qnfrsm;jzihz
f UGJ pnf;xm;onht
f xl;
qnfajrmif;a&avSmifuefrsm;rSwkdu½
f kdufqG,
J ltoH;k jyKygrnf/pDrHudef;onfajr
atmufa&t&if;tjrpfrsm;tm;toH;k jyKrnfr[kwy
f g/pDrHue
d f;rSaiGaMu;yHhy;dk onhf
qnfajrmif;pepfrsm;ESihc
f sdwfqufxm;aomqnfrsm;\vkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f IESihf
ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;ESihy
f wfoufíavhvmapmihMf unhr
f Irsm;udkvnf;pDrHudef;jyifqif
a&;umvtwGif;oD;jcm;TORrsm;tay:tajccHívGwfvyfpGmaqmif&Guc
f y
Jh gonf/
¤if;avhvmrIrSawGU½Sdcsufrsm;onfpDrHue
d f;ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;oD;jcm;pmwrf;wGif
yg0ifNyD;bPf\qnfrsm;ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;rl0g'(OP4.07)ESiu
hf du
k fnp
D Gmjyifqif
xm;ygonf/¤if;tay:rlwnfípDrHue
d f;taumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif;qnf
rsm;\ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;qdkif&mtEÅ&m,frsm;uda
k jz½Sif;Eki
d f&efjyifqifa&;tpDtpOf
rsm; aqmif&Gur
f nfjzpfonf/
2.2
obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf
vlrIa&;&mpDrHcefYcr
GJ I
rlabmif
(ESMF)
twdi
k f;
twm ESihf OD;wnfcsufrsm;
pDrHudef;t&tao;pdwa
f qmif&Gur
f nhr
f nfonhw
f nfae&mrsm;ESie
hf nf;
ynmqdi
k f&mtuJjzwfrIrsm;tqifoifr
h ½Sdao;ovdkpDrHudef;oHk;oyfcsuftae
jzihv
f nf; tao;pdwo
f ufa&mufrIrsm;r½Sdao;jcif;aMumihf
t0if
AESMF
jyifqifa&;taejzihf
RPF
ESihf
IPPF
tyg
pDrHue
d f;taumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif;
aqmif&Gur
f nha
f ,bl,sobm0ywf0ef;usifESihv
f lrIa&;&mab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;tpD
tpOfrsm;uda
k zmfjyxm;ygonf/þ
ESMF
\wifjycsufrSm obm0ywf0ef; usif
ESiq
fh d½
k ,
S foufa&mufrIrsm;\ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcr
GJ I?vHa
k vmufaomobm0ywf
0ef;usifESihv
f lrIa&;&mpDrHcefYcGr
J Irsm;tm;yHy
h ;dk Edi
k frnht
f pDtpOfESihfvkyfief;pOfrsm;yg
0ifaomvrf;ñTefcsufwpfckjyifqifítvm;tvm½Sdonhfqd;k usdK;oufa&mufrI
rsm;udk
pDrHcefYcG&
J efjzpfNyD;
pDrHue
d f;rS
aiGaMu;yHy
h ;dk rnhf
vkyfief;pOfrsm;?
rod½a
Sd o;onht
f ao;pdwfwnfae&mrsm;ESihfpDrHue
d f;taumiftxnfazmfpOf
twGif;ajymif;vJaumif;ajymif;vJEi
dk fonhfvkyfief;rsm;tm;ñTefMum;Edi
k f&efjzpf
onf/
rEÅav;?ppfukdif;?yJcl;ta½SUydkif;a'orsm;½SdBudKwifa&G;cs,fxm;aomae&m
rsm;twGue
f nf;ynmqdi
k f&mvufawGUaqmif&GufEi
dk frItao;pdwa
f vhvmcsufrsm;
udp
k DrHue
d f;wifjycsufrSaqmif&GuE
f i
dk frnfr[kwjf cif;aMumihfoufqkdif&menf;ynm
tao;pdwt
f csuftvufrsm;&½So
d nfESihfwNydKifeufpDrHue
d f;taumiftxnfazmf
pOfumvtwGif;aqmif&Gur
f nho
f bm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mtuJjzwfcsuf
aqmif&Gur
f nhv
f kyfief;pOftwGuf þ
ESMF
onf
vdt
k yfonhu
f d&d,mwpfck
tjzpf½y
Sd gonf/ (Oyrm – Oya'orsm;? pnf;rsOf;rsm;ESihf pDrHue
d f;? obm0
ywf0ef;usifESihf
vlrIa&;tusdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;avsmhcsrnht
f pDtpOfrsm;tm;
pDrHcefYcp
GJ DppftuJjzwf&ef vkyfxkH; vkyfenf;rsm;)? þ
tjcm;taumiftxnfazmfor
l sm;
(ID,
DOA,
ESMF
AND,
onf
MOAI
DAR,
ESihf
SLRD
ESia
hf wmifor
l sm;)tm;vrf;ñTefcsufyy
Hh ;dk ay;NyD;obm0ywf0ef;usifoufa&mufrI
qdi
k f&mtuJjzwfcsuf
(EIA)
twGuf
trsdK;om;tqihv
f rf;ñTefcsufrsm;ESihf
udu
k fnp
D Gmobm0ywf0ef;usifESiv
hf lrIa&;&mtuJjzwfcsufrsm;ESihftjcm;ab;
uif;vkHjcHKJ a&;vdktyfcsufrsm;tm;aqmif&GuE
f i
dk fap&efESihfjrefrmEdi
k fiH\obm0ywf
0ef;usifESihv
f lrIa&;&mpnf;urf;Oya'rsm;?urÇmb
h Pf\obm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif
&mtuJjzwfcsuf(EA)?urÇmb
h Pf\ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;rl0g'rsm;wGifazmfjyxm;o
nhv
f lrIa&;&mvkyfief;pOfrsm;ESihf
þ
ESMF
onf
PIM
udu
k fnr
D I½a
Sd p&efjzpfonf/
aemufqkH;taejzihf
\aygif;pyftpdwt
f ydi
k f;wpfckjzpfvmrnfjzpfNyD; rnfonhf
&efya
Hk iGt&if;tjrpf(okYd )taumiftxnfazmfa&;tzGUJ tpnf;rqdt
k wGuf
pDrHudef;{&d,mrsm;½Sa
d iGaMu;yHhyd;k onhf&if;ES;D jr§KyfEr
HS Iui
G f;qufrsm;tm;vH;k
tay:
toH;k jyKoufa&mufygrnf/
2.3/ pDrHue
d f;{&d,mESihf vuf½q
Sd nfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm; a,bl,sazmfjycsuf
þpmwrf;jyifqifpOfumvtwGif;jrefrmEki
d fiH\tv,fyi
dk f;ajcmufaoGUae
&mrsm;wGifwnf½dSonhf
qnfajrmif;?
rEÅav;?
ppfukdif;ESiy
hf Jcl;ta½SUydkif;wdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;½Sd
wl;ajrmif;rsm;jyefvnfxa
l xmifa&;twGuf
qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;
(4)cktm;ueOD;BudKwifa&G;cs,fcy
Jh gonf/tjcm;qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;(2)ckudkvnf;
enf;ynmqdi
k f&ma&G;cs,fa&;pHowfrSwc
f sufrsm;udu
k fny
D gupDrHudef;rS
aiGaMu;yHhyd;k &efpOfpm;xm;ygonf/(obm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mowfrSwf
csufrsm;tygt0if)atmufygpmyd'
k frsm;wGiftqky
d gqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;
taMumif;azmfjyxm;ygonf/
qifaoqnfajrmif;pDrHudef; (aemufqufwGJ 1(u))
qifaoqnfonfrJZvDuif;aus;&GmteD;wyfue
k f;NrdKUe,f\taemufbuf
16rdi
k ftuGmwGifwnf½dSygonf/þqnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;onfaejynfawmftxl;a'
o\Owå&c½dkif½Sw
d yfue
k f;NrdKUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;{&d,mwGifyg0ifygonf/
tqdy
k gqnfonftxufyJcl;½d;k rrSqif;oufvmonhfqifaoacsmif;udkjzwfí
wnfaqmufxm;NyD;anmifyifomteD;½Sd
wnfaqmufa&;udk
ivdu
k facsmif;ESia
hf ygif;pyfxm;ygonf/
1994-95 wGifpwifcNJh yD; 1999-2000wGifNyD;pD;cJhonf/
ajrjznhq
f nftrsdK;tm;jzpfípkpkaygif;qnf\oufa&mufrI{&d,monf308{&ိ
,mpwk&ef;rdi
k f[c
k efYrSef;&ygonf/qnf\a&xdef;odrf;Edi
k frIpGrf;&nfrSm 143090
{uayjzpfí
Dead
rSm
Storage
17303
{uayjzpfonf/
'[wfue
k f;
aus;&GmteD;½Sq
d ifaoqnf\jrpfatmufyi
dk f;wGifwrHwpfckukdwn္aqmufxm;
NyD;qnfrSa&udo
k wfrSwfqnfa&aomuf{&d,mrsm;okYd jzefYjzL;ygonf/qnfa&ay;
jcif;twGut
f vsm;
41
rdi
k f½Snfvsm;aom
yifrwl;
ajrmif;(2)ck
ud¤
k if;
wmwrH\0JESif,
h mwGifwnfaqmufxm;ygonf/qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;taejzihf
qnfa&ay;Edi
k faom{&d,mpkpkaygif;32400{utwGuy
f p
Hk HjyKxm;aomfvnf;NyD;cJh
onh(f 10)ESpftwGif;rd;k &GmoGef;rIenf;yg;jcif;aMumiht
f rSefwu,fqnfa&ay;Edi
k f
aom{&d,mrsm;rSm
cefYom½SNd yD;
2008?
2009ESihf
2011aEG&moDrsm;wGif
pkpkaygif;owfrSwy
f rmP\
{uwpfaomif;
3yH1
k yHo
k m½Sdonf/xdYk tjyif
2010
ckESpfüaEG&moDpdu
k fysdK;csdeftwGufqnfa&vH;k 0r&jcif;rsdK;vnf;jzpfcy
Jh gonf/qnf
ajrmif;OD;pD;XmerSjznhfqnf;onht
f csuftvufrsm;t&owfrSwx
f m;onhf
pD;0ifa&yrmPtjynht
f 0&½SdonfrSmNyD;cJo
h nhf
15ESpftwGif;
5ESpfom½SdchJ
onf/uGif;qif;avhvmrIESihfqifaoqnfrSenf;ynm½Sifrsm;ESia
hf qG;aEG;csuft&
pD;0ifa&enf;yg;jcif;
LMC
rS jzpfonhf EH;k wifjcif; ESihw
f l;ajrmif; usdK; ayguf
jcif;rsm;onfqnfajrmif;vkyfief;xda&mufaumif;rGefrItwGuft"du
jyóemrsm;jzpfNyD;
qnf\txufbuf
oufa&muf{&d,m½Sd
enf;ynm
ajr,mysuf
pD;jcif;rsm;aMumiha
f &avSmifueftwGif;EH;k wifrIwkd;vmjcif;rSmvnf;t"dကjyóem
wpf&yfjzpfonf/
xkYd aMumihf
pDrHue
d f;rStqdjk yKvkyfief;rsm;rSm
jznhq
f nf;jcif;? wl;ajrmif;
re-sectioning
apjcif; enf;vrf;rsm;jzihf
LMC
ESihf wl;ajrmif;
structures
cross–drainable
rsm;aumif; rGe္
tm; jyefvnfxlaxmif a&;aqmif &Guရ
f ef
jzpfonf/
ajrmuf,rm;qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f; (aemufqufwJG 1(c))
ajrmuf,rm;qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;onfppfukdif;wki
d f;a'oBuD;?
,if;rmyif
c½dkif?ykvNJ rdKUe,f\pDrHcefYcGr
J I{&d,mtwGif;wnf½y
Sd gonf/tqky
d gqnfajrmif;pDrH
udef;twGua
f &t&if;tjrpfrSmajrmuf,rm;qnfrSjzpfNyD;¤if;tm;1995ckESpfwi
G f
wnfaqmufcJNh yD;
1999
ckESpfwi
G fNyD;pD;cJo
h nf/
qnfwnfaqmufa&;rSm
taemufbufawmifwef;rsm;rSta½SUajrmufzufodkYpD;qif;ícsif;wGif;jrpfESihf
aygif;pyfonhf
ajrmuf,rm;acsmif;tm;jzwfí
qnftrsdK;tpm;rSm
EARTHEN
aqmufvy
k fxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
trsdK;tpm;jzpfí
oufa&mufrI{&d,mrSm
191
pwk&ef;rdi
k fjzpfonf/txufbuf6rdi
k ftuGmtdrfr&GmteD;jrpfnma&pD;aMumif;w
avQmuf½t
dS xufydi
k f;ajrmuf,rm;qnftm;2007ckESpfwGifwnfaqmufcJNh yD;ydkvQH
aoma&rsm;udp
k kaqmif;ítrsdK;rsdK;toHk;jyKEdi
k f&ef&nf&G,w
f nfaqmufco
Jh nf/
qnf\oda
k vSmifrIpGrf;&nfrSmpkpkaygif;cefYrSef;ajc 136957 {uayjzpfí¤if;rSm
ajrmuf,rm;atmufydi
k f;
14057
{uayESia
hf jrmuf,rm;txufyi
dk f;122900
{uaywkYd aygif;pyfyrmPjzpfonf/ajrmuf,rm;qnf\jrpfatmufydi
k f;½Sdpkpk
aygif;qnfa&ay;Edi
k faom{&d,mrSm11320{ujzpfaomfvnf;trSefwu,fqnf
a&ay;Edi
k faom{&d,mrSm5900
{uom½Sdonf/qnfajrmif;vkyfief;twGufyifr
wl;ajrmif;wpfckom½SdNyD tvsm;rSm 15.87 rdi
k f½Snv
f sm;ygonf/ &nf&G,o
f nhf
{&d,mtm;vH;k tm;qnfa&ay;Eki
d f&efa&oda
k vSmifpGrf;&nfvHkavmufrI½a
Sd omfvnf;
raumif;rGefonhfa&Ekyfajrmif;pepfaMumiht
f wm;tqD;jzpfapygonf/
ao;i,fonhq
f nfajrmif;t&G,t
f pm;?rMumcPydwq
f Ydk jcif;ESihfyifrwl;ajrmif;
wavQmufEH;k wifjcif;rsm;rSmtrSefwu,fa&ay;Edi
k frIenf;yg;jcif;\t"dut
aMumif;w&m; rsm;jzpfonf/ qnfa&ay;Edi
k frI tvm;tvmtm;jr§iw
hf ifEi
kd f&ef
qnfajrmif;
structure
ESiha
f &Ekyfajrmif;pepfrsm;ydr
k a
dk umif;rGefatmif aqmif&Guf&ef
vdt
k yfaeygonf/
qGmacsmif;qnfajrmif;pDrHudef; (aemufqufwGJ 1(*))
qGmacsmif;qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;onfyJcl;(ta½SUydkif;)wdi
k f;a'oBuD;?
awmifilc½dkif½Sd
a&wm½SnNf rdKUe,f
pDrHcefYcr
GJ I{&d,mtwGif;wnf½Sdygonf/
qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;twGuft"dut&if;tjrpfrSmqGmacsmif;qnfrSjzpfNyD;ajrzdYk
qnftrsdK;tpm;jzpfí
2004
ckESpfwi
G fyJcl;½d;k rrS
ta½SUbufppfawmif;jrpfoYkd
pD;qif;onhq
f Gmacsmif;udjk zwfíwnfaqmufxm;ygonf/qnf\pkpkaygif;ouf
a&muf{&d,mrSm(403)pwk&ef;rdi
k fjzpfonf/tif*sifeD,myHp
k Ht&qnf\oka
d vSmif
pGrf;&nfrSm216350{uayjzpfí¤if;\tjrifq
h H;k odkavSmifpGrf;&nfokdYa&muf½c
Sd Jh
aMumif;
spillway
rSvQHusonha
f &ESiy
hf wfoufíESpfpOftpD&ifcHpm
t&od&yg
onf/qnfajrmif;vkyfief;twGuft"duwl;ajrmif;wpfckom½SdNyD;pkpkaygif;tvsm;
rSm16.7rdi
k f½So
d nf/tom;wifqnfa&ay;Edi
k fonh{
f &d,mrSm23467{ujzpfaomf
vnf;
trSefwu,fqnfa&ay;Edi
k fonhf{&d,mrSm
20670
{uom
jzpfí
qnfa&ay;Edi
k faomowfrSw{
f &d,m\88%om&Sy
d gonf/qnfajrmif;vkyfief;
rsm;xda&mufaumif;rGefrItwGut
f "duenf;ynmqki
d f&mtcuftcJrSmwl;ajrmif;
wavQmuf&Sa
d &wku
d fpm;rIjyoemjzpfonf/qnfvufaxmuftif*sifeD,m\ajym
Mum;csuft&pdu
k fysdK;{&d,mrsm;wd;k csJUqnfa&ay;Eki
d f&efwl;ajrmif;topfaqmuf
vkyf&ef &nf&G,fxm; aMumif;od&yg onf/
rvJewfawmifqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;(aemufqufwJG 1(C))
þqnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;onfrEÅav;wki
d f;a'oBuD;?jyifOD;vGifc&di
k ftwGif;&Sd
pOfu
h lNrdKUe,f
tkyfcsKyfa&;
{&d,mtwGif;wnf&y
Sd gonf/
þqnf
(EARTH)
tm;2008ckESpfwGifta&SUbuf&Srf;ukef;jyifjrifr
h Sjrpfzsm;cHonfr
h vJewfawmif
acsmif;wGifwnfaqmufxm;NyD;pOfUulNrdKUawmifbuf? {&m0wDjrpf0Srf;vGifjyifokdU
pD;qif;onf/qnf\oufa&mufrI{&d,mrSm
75
pwk&ef;rdi
k fjzpfNyD;tqdkyg
{&d,mtwGif;tpd;k &ESifa
h 'ocHrsm;\owåKwl;azmfa&;vkyfief;tcsdKUaqmif&GuMf u
aMumif;od&S&
d onf/ a&oda
k vSmifpGrf;&nfrSm cefUrSef;ajc 57470 {uayjzpfí
tom;wifqnfa&ay;Eki
d faom
{&d,mrSm
6500
{ujzpfaomfvnf;
¤if;{&d,m\ 89% (5755{u)omvQif trSefwu,fqnfa&ay;Eki
d fygonf/
qnfa&ay;jcif;twGuq
f nf\0JESi,
fh mwGifyifrwl;ajrmif;ESpfck&NSd yD;pkpkaygif;t
vsm;rSmcefUrSef;ajc 15rdi
k fjzpfonf/ qnf,kdpdrr
fh I? wl;ajrmif;wpfavQmufwm&d;k
a&wdu
k fpm;jcif;ESifh oufa&mufrI{&d,mtwGif;&Sd owåKwGif;vkyfief;rsm;aMumifh
a&t&nftaoG;usqif;rIrsm;rSmqnfajrmif;vkyfief;xda&mufaumif;rGefrItwGuf
t"dujyoemrsm;jzpfygonf/¤if;BudKwifa&G;cs,fxm;onfhqnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;
(4)ck\enf;ynmqkdif&mxyfaqmif;tcsuftvufrsm;ESifhowfrSwfcsufabmif
rsm;rSm aemufqufwJG (1) Z,m;(14)wGifyg0ifygonf/
2.4pDrHue
d f;{&d,m?obm0ywf0ef;usifESiv
fh lrIa&;&mtajccHtajctaersm;t
usOf;csKyf
SEMI-ARIDa*[pepfwi
G fwnf&Sdjcif;ESifA
h rm-Ak'¨bmompdu
k fysdK;a&;vlUtzGUJ
tpnf;wnf&Sjd cif;ponfha,bl,swlnDaomtcsufrsm;&Sa
d omfvnf;tvGefao;
i,fonfhtqift
h aejzifr
h ltqdjk yKpDrHue
d f;ae&mrsm;\ZD0&kyfyi
dk f;qki
d f&mESiv
fh lrIpD
yGm;a&;tajctaersm;rSmwpfckESiw
fh pfckuJGjym;ygonf/ZD0&kyfyi
dk f;qkdif&mtajct
aersm;twGufwnfae&mtao;pdwt
f &Htcsuftvufrsm;&&SE
d i
kd frItuefUtowf
&Sa
d omfvnf;þtcef;taejzifh&&SE
d i
kd forQ
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh
ESMF
jyifqifa&;umvtwGif;wku
d f&du
k favhvmrIrsm;tay:tajccHípkpnf;wifjyxm;
ygonf/xdUk aMumifhpDrHue
d f;taumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif;ydr
k w
dk dusonft
h uJ
jzwfrIrsm;aqmif&GuE
f ki
d fyguxyfaqmif;tcsuftvufrsm;udktcsdefESiw
fh ajy;nD
jyifqif&ef vdt
k yfygonf/
&kyfyi
dk f;qki
d f&mywf0ef;usif
qifaoESifq
h GmpDrHue
d f;rsm;twGuftqdjk yKqnfajrmif;tpDtpOfrsm;rSm
ppfawmif;jrpf0Srf;a'owGif;wnf&NSd yD;rvJewfawmifESia
fh jrmuf,rm;pDrHue
d f;rsm;
rSm{&m0wDjrpf0Srf;ESifc
h sif;wGif;jrpf0Srf;a'owGiftoD;oD;&SMd uonf/xdUk aMumift
h
qdjk yKae&mrsm;\&kyfydi
k f;qki
d f&mywf0ef;usifrSmtqdy
k gjrpf0Srf;rsm;\blrdtajct
aeESia
fh jrqDvmT jzpfay:jcif;rsm;\oufa&mufrI&So
d nf/yx0Dqdkif&mwnfae&m
t&qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;rSmt"dujrpfrsm;ESifhtqdy
k gjrpfrsm;\jrpfvufwuf
rsm;jrpfzsm;cHíqnfrsm;wnfaqmufxm;onft
h eD;tem;awmifwef;rsm;\Mum;
&Sa
d wmifukef;awmifwef;ESifa
h jrjyefU{&d,mrsm;wGifwnf&MSd uonf/
qnfa&aomuf{&d,mtwGif;&Sd
ajyjypfonhf
avQm
apmif;rsm;ESihf
awmif
ukef;?urlajryHp
k Hwnf½dSjcif;onfajrmuf,rm;ESihfqifaouJhoYkd aomqnfajrmif;pD
rHue
d f;\qnfajrmif;vkyfief;rsm;tm;tcuftcJjzpfapygonf/
tqdjk yKpDrHudef;ae&mrsm;½Sq
d nfa&aomuf{&d,mrsm;\ajrqDvmT trsdK;t
pm;rSm ae&may:vdu
k fí tenf;i,fajymif;vJrI½dSaomfvnf; a,bl,stm;jzifh
Fluvilsol
ESihf
Gleysol
rvdewfawmif{&d,m½Sd
pl;prf;avhvmrItjzpf
trsdK;tpm;
qnfa&aomufpu
dk fysdK;ajrrsm;rSm
cGjJ cm;Edi
k fygonf/
trsm;tm;jzihf
Sandy
trsdK;tpm;jzpfí a&xdef;odrf;Edi
k frt
I &nftaoG;avsmhenf;ygonf/ qnfa&\
t&nftaoG;udx
k dcdkuE
f di
k fonhfSodicajrtrsdK;tpm;rsdK;txufyi
dk f;oufa&mufrI{&d
,mwGifwnf½Sjd cif;rsdK;
rnfonfhqnfwi
G frQ
rawGU½S&
d aMumif;
od&ygonf/
okYd aomf ajrmuf,rm;ESihf qifaoqnfa&aomuf{&d,majrmufyi
dk f;wGif
Subsoil
rsm;üf
qm;ESihf
alkali
½Sdonha
f e&mtcsdKU½SdaMumif;
taumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif;aemufxyf
od&ygonf/
,if;twGuf
avhvmpl;prf;rIrsm;aqmif&Gu&
f ef
vdt
k yfygonf/
tqkjd yKpDrHudef;ae&mrsm;½Sq
d nfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;rStoH;k jyKaoma&t&if;
tjrpfrsm;rSm
ppfawmif;jrpf
(qifaoESihf
qGmacsmif;pDrHue
d f;)?
csif;wGif;jrpf
(ajrmuf,rm;pDrHue
d f;)? {&m0wDjrpf (rvdewfawmifpDrHudef;)rsm;\ jrpfvuf
wufrsm;rSjzpfygonf/qGmacsmif;rSvJGítqdkygjrpfvufwufrsm;\a&obm0
vu©Pm&yfrsm;rSm &moD tvdu
k fjzpfí pdp
k Gw&
f moDjzpfonhf arvrSatmufwdk
bmvtxd
umvrsm;twGif;wGifom
onf;xefonhfr;dk a&
pD;qif;rI½y
Sd g
onf/qnfajrmif;OD;pD;XmerS&½Sdonhfpm&if;rsm;t&?qnfESiy
hf wfoufonfh
a&t&if;tjrpfqkdif&m tcsuftvufrsm;udk aemufqufwJG (2) (Z,m;2)wGif
azmfjyxm;ygonf/tcsdKUaomESpfrsm;wGifqnfodkYpD;0ifa&twuftustvGefrsm;
jym;yH&
k ygonf/ (yHk-1)/ tu,fí ESpfpOfqnfodkYpD;0ifa&ESihf qnf\trsm;
qH;k okdavSmifEdi
k fonhp
f Grf;&nfEdi
I f;,SOfyguqifaoqnfESir
hf vJewfawmifqnf
rsm;wGifoo
d monhfvdt
k yfrIrsm;rMumcPawGU½S&
d NyD;qnfajrmif;vkyfief;rsm;t
wGuf a&rvHa
k vmufrIudk azmfjyaeygonf/
uGif;qif;avhvmpOftwGif;a&erlemrsm;pkaqmif;ítcsdKUaomowfrSwf
csufabmifrsm;jzpfonhf
Nitrite
ESihf
Zinc
PH, Turbity, Hardness, Arsenic, Aluminum, Potassium, Iron, Chloride,
yg0ifrIjyif;tm;rsm;udkprf;oyfppfaq;cJhygonf/
&v'frsm;t& (aemufqufwJG 5)? qifaoqnfajrmif;{&d,mwGif
"mwfcc
GJ ef;
PH
wefbkd;
odompGmrsm;jym;aeNyD;rvdewfawmifqnfajrmif;{&d,mwGifarsenicyrmPjrihr
f m;yHk
ay:ygonf/qnfa&taejzihfaomufo;Hk &eftwGur
f [kwfaomfvnf;a'ocHrsm;
taejzihw
f cgw&HtdrfokH;a&tjzpf toH;k jyKjcif;rsdK;½SdNyD; vlY usef;rma&;twGuf
a&½SnfwGifqd;k usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;½SE
d dkifygonf/
rd;k av0o
qifao?
ajrmuf,rm;ESihf
&moDOwktajctaerSm
Semi Arit
rvdewfawmifqnfa&aomufae&mrsm;\
tajctae\a,bl,sjzpfaom jrihr
f m;onhf
tylcsdefESihr
f d;k a&twuftusjzpfjcif;rsdK;awGU½Sd&aomfvnf; qGmqnf a&aomuf
{&d,mtwGur
f Smrd;k a&csdefjrihr
f m;onf[o
k wfrSwE
f i
dk fygonf/
tqdjk yK{&d,mrsm;tm;vH;k wGifjrefrmEdi
k fiH\a,bl,sjzpfonhf&moDOwk(3)rsdK;udk
awGU½S&
d ygonf/ ¤if;wkYd rSmaEG&moDtjzpf rwfvrS arvtxd? rd;k &moDtjzpf
ZGefvrS atmufwkdbmvtxd? aqmif;&moDtjzpf Ek0
d ifbmvrS azazmf0g&Dv
txdjzpfMuygonf/qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme\pm&if;rsm;t&ysrf;rQESpfpOfr;dk &GmoGef;
rIrSm
qifaoESihf
ajrmuf,rm;a'orsm;wGif
34vufr?
qGma'owGif
84vufrESihf rvdewfawmifwi
G f44vufrwdYk toD;oD;jzpfMuygonf/ &½So
d nhf
tcsuftvufrsm;t&rd;k &GmoGef;rIyp
Hk HrSmtydi
k f;(2)ydi
k f;½SdNyD;Zlvdi
k fvaESmif;ydi
k f;wGif
rd;k &GmoGef;rIusqif;ícPwmajcmufaoGUumvjzpfNyD;Mo*kwv
f aESmif;ydi
k f;wGifrd;k
&GmoGef;rIjyefvnfrsm;jym;Edi
k fygonf/ pDrHudef;{&d,mrsm;½Sd &moDtvdu
k f rd;k &Gm
oGef;rI?tylcsdef?pdx
k di
k f;qrsm;ESihy
f wfoufonht
f csufrsm;udkaemufqufwGJ
(2)
wGifMunhy
f g/a'o&moDOwktajctaersm;rSm&moDOwkajymif;vJjcif;tay:rl
wnfí
jrefrmwpfEdi
k fiHvkH;taejziho
f ufa&mufrI½y
Sd gonf/
ZvaA'OD;pD;Xme(DMH)rSjyKpkonhf
rd;k av0o
ESihf
trsdK;om;tqihq
f ufoG,a
f &;tpD&ifcHpm\
&moDOwktajctae avhvmprf;ppfcsuft& ysrf;rQtylcsdefonf vmrnht
f ESpf
30twGif;(2010-2040)tqdjk yKpDrHudef;ae&mrsm;tygt0ifEi
dk fiH\tpdwt
f ydi
k f;
trsm;pkwi
G fcefYrSef;ajc1°Cwd;k vmygrnf/rd;k &GmoGef;rIonfvnf;tenf;ESit
hf rsm;
wd;k vmrnf[kcefYrSef;&ygonf/okYd aomfwk;d vmrnhfr;dk &GmoGef;rIrSmwda
k wmif;onhf
rd;k &GmoGef;rIaeY&ufrsm;wGifomjzpfay:ygrnf/tb,fa
h Mumihfqa
dk omfrkwo
f H&
k moD
umvrSm145&ufrS105&ufokdYavsmhusrnfjzpfaomaMumihjf zpfonf/&v'ftjzpf
rd;k &moDumvtwGif;rd;k &GmoGef;rIoy
d fonf;qwd;k jrihv
f mrnfjzpfovdk(rd;k &Gmonhf
&ufavsmhenf;írd;k &GmoGef;rIjyif;xefrsm;jym;)tjcm;&moDrsm;wGifajcmufaoGUyူ
jyif;onhu
f mv½Snfvsm;vmNyD;qnfzUGJ pnf;yHw
k Gifa&aiGYysHrIjrihr
f m;vmapygrnf/
txl;ojzihjf yif;xefonh&
f moDOwkjzpfaomrd;k acgifa&½Sm;jzpfjcif;rsm;rMumcP
jzpfEi
dk fNyD;onf;xefonhf rd;k &GmoGef;rIESihf rd;k oufrkefwi
dk f;rsm;rSmrd;k BudKumvESifh
rd;k aESmif;umvtwGif;½kwfw&ufavxkvmT twGif;ajymif;vJrIrsm;aMumihy
f r
dk jdk zpfa
y:Eki
d fygonf/({NyDvv,frSarvukef txd? rd;k BudK) (pufwifbmaESmif;ydi
k f;rS
atmufwdkbmvukeftxd-rd;k aESmif;)
{&d,mrsm;½Sd
tqdjk yKpDrHudef;a'orsm;\
ysrf;rQESpfpOfrd;k &GmoGef;rIudk
(aemufqufwJG (2))
qnfajrmif;
Z,m;(3)wGifazmfjyxm;ygonf/
ZD0aA'qdi
k f&m obm0ywf0ef;usif
cPwmuGif;qif;avhvmrIt&rwlna
D omopfawmtrsdK;tpm;trsdK;rsdK;udk
qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;\jrpfnm§ oufa&mufrI{&d,mrsm;wGifawGU½S&
d aomfvnf;
(Moist Upper Mix Deciduous Forest, Dried Upper Mix Deciduous Forest and Dry Forest and Scrubland)
qnfa&aomuf{&d,mrsm;wGif rnfonhfopfawm (okYd ) umuG,x
f m; onhf
pdu
k fysdK;cif;wpfpHw
k pf&mrawGU½Sd&yg/tqkdygoufa&mufrI{&d,mrsm;½Sdopfawm
rsm;rSmopfawmOD;pD;Xme?Oya't&w&m;0ifapmiha
f ½Smufxm;onho
f pfawmrsm;
jzpfonf/&½Sx
d m;onhf
Remote Sensing
tcsuf rsm;t& tqdy
k g
oufa&muf
rIae&mrsm;½SdopfawmzH;k vTrf;rItajymif;tvJrsm;uda
k vhvm&efjrefqefonhftuJ
jzwfcsufaqmif&Guc
f Jy
h gonf/opfawmqH;k ½IH;rIrsm;rSmjrihr
f m;aMumif;awGU½S&
d yg
onf/ (qifaowGif 50%? 1990 ESihf 2013tMum;) (ajrmuf,rm;wGif
45%? 2000 ckESpfESihf 2013 ckESpftMum;) (qGmwGif 19%? 2000 ESihf
2013
Mum;)?
rvJewfawmifwi
G f
12%
(2012
ESihf
2013Mum;?
vuf½q
Sd nfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;\oufa&mufrI{&d,mrsm;½SdopfawmjyKef;wD;rI
EIef;rsm;uda
k emufqufwJG(2)(Z,m;4)wGifwifjyxm;NyD;qufpyfajryH(k aemufquf
wG4
J )wGifvnf;wifjyxm;ygonf/tqdkygopfawmjyKef;wD;rIonfqnfajrmif;pDrH
udef;rsm;\a&avSmifuef{&d,mtwGif;EH;k wifjcif;ESihfajrwdu
k fpm;jcif;rsm;udk
jrihr
f m;pGmjzpfapEdi
k fovdk
qnfajrmif;vkyfief;rsm;\
xda&mufaumif;rGefrIudk
odompGmxdcdu
k fEki
d fygonf/xkYd jyifjyif;xefonh&
f moDOwktajctaersm;jzpfonhf
rd;k onf;xefpGm&GmoGef;onht
f ajctaersm;wGiftqdy
k gopfawmjyKef;wD;jcif;onf
jrpfatmufydi
k f;{&d,mrsm;twGuf a&vTrf;rd;k jcif;tEÅ&m,fjzpfapygonf/
tyifESihf wd&pämefrsdK;pdwr
f sm;
½Sm;yg;í
rsdK;wHk;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufaeonhf
rsdK;pdwr
f sm;ESiy
hf wfoufí
uGif;qif;avhvmpOfumvtwGif;awGUqHkar;jref;rIrsm;?trsdK;om;tqihf
ZD0rsdK;
uGr
J sm;qdi
k f&mAsL[majrmufvy
k fief;tpDtpOfrSpkpnf;wifjycJo
h nhfrsdK;pdwr
f sm;\
tcsuftvufrsm;ponfwkdYtay:rlwnfíjrefqefonhftuJjzwfjcif;aqmif&Guf
cJy
h gonf/atmufazmfjyygavhvmawGU½Sr
d Irsm;rSmpDrHue
d f;qnfa&aomuf{&d,m
rsm;ESiq
hf ufEG,y
f gonf/a&aeESiE
hf Ydk wdu
k frsdK;pdwfrsm;yg0ifNyD;tyifrsm;r½Sd[o
k d&
ygonf/&moDtvdu
k fa&TUajymif;usufpm;onhi
f Sur
f sm;tm;awGU½S&
d ygonf/tif;
quf?
ukef;aea&aeESihf
wGm;oGm;wd&pämefrsdK;pdwr
f sm;r½S[
d k
od½&
Sd aomfvnf;
½Sm;yg;rsdK;pdwr
f sm;tjzpfo½
d dSxm;onhMf u,fvdyf?zm;jyKyf?ykwo
f ifrsdK;pdwr
f sm;ESihf
ywfoufítwnfjyK&efvdt
k yfygonf/qnfajrmif;{&d,mrsm;wGifrnfonhfrsdK;
wkef;vkig;rsdK;pdwr
f sm;r½S[
d ko&
d aomfvnf;pD;yGm;jzpfta&;ygonha
f &csdKig;rsdK;pdwf
rsm;tm;ajrmuf,rm;acsmif;wGifawGU½S&
d NyD;ta&twGuo
f dompGmusqif;aeNyD;
jzpfonf/xdYk jyifqmG qnfajrmif;{&d,mrSmpdp
k Gwa
f jr{&d,mjzpfía&csdKig;rsdK;pdwf
rsm;<u,f0onhv
f lodrsm;aomppfawmif;jrpf0Srf;ESiq
hf ufpyfaeygojziht
f qky
d g
rsdK;pdwr
f sm;tm;twwfEdi
k fqkH;xdrf;odrf;apmiha
f ½Smuf&efBudKwifumuG,a
f &;enf;
vrf;rsm;vdt
k yfygonf/aemufqufwJG(6)wGifjrefrmEdi
k fiH½SdurÇmt
h qihr
f sdK;wkef;
vkrsdK;pdwr
f sm;pm&if;udkazmfjyxm;ygonf/
avhvmxm;rIt&tqdjk yKpDrHue
d f;{&d,mwGifa*[ywf0ef;usift&
xdcu
dk f
Eki
d fonh{
f &d,mrsm;r½Sdyg/okYd aomfrvJewfawmifqnfajrmif;{&d,mtwGuf
pOfu
h lNrdKUe,f½Sr
d vdewfawmifacsmif;tqHk;ydi
k f;wGif{&m0wDjrpfESihq
f ufaeonhf
flood plain
Flood
{&d,mwnf½So
d jzihf xdef;odrf;apmiha
f ½SmufrIrsm;uda
k qmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/
Plain
{&d,mrsm;onfa*[pepf0efaqmifrIrsm;twGuf
ta&;ygonhf
pkp
d Gwa
f jrjzpfjcif;aMumihp
f DrHue
d f;taumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif;xyfrHtuJjzwf
ppfaq;&ef vdt
k yfygonf/
qnfajrmif;uGyfur
J I{&d,mrsm;wGifopfawmzH;k vTrf;onh{
f &d,mr½Sa
d om
aMumihp
f DrHue
d f;{&d,mwGifopfawmZD0rsdK;uGJrsm;qH;k ½IH;rI(okYd )BuD;rm;onha
f wm½dkif
;EdYk wdu
k fowå0grsdK;pdwr
f sm;xdef;odrf;apmiha
f ½Smufjcif;ponfrsm;ay:aygufrnfr
[kwy
f g/&½Sx
d m;onht
f uefYtowf½a
Sd omt&eftcsuftvufrsm;t&tqdjk yK
pDrHudef;{&d,mrsm;wGifrnfonhp
f D;yGm;a&;t&ta&;ygaom
(okYd )
urÇmt
h qihf
rsdK;wkef;vk rsdK;pdwi
f Sur
f sm;? wGm;oGm; owå0grsm;? ½SO?fh tif;quf? ig;ESihf
a&aetyifrsm;tm; tckxa
d wGU½S&
d jcif;r½Sdao;yg/ okYd aomf tcsdKUaoma'ocH
jynfor
l sm;azmfjycsuft&pDrHue
d f;taumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif;xyfrH
tuJ
jzwfppfaq;&efvkdtyfonhi
f Sur
f sm;ESihfig;rsdK;pdwr
f sm;wnf½a
Sd Mumif;od&ygonf/
okYd &mwGifajrmuf,rm;a'oonftrsdK;om;tqihO
f D;pm;ay;jzpfonht
f rsdK;om;ZD0
rsdK;uGJrsm;qdi
k f&mAsL[majrmufvy
k fief;tpDtpOf\ZD0aumf&pf'gESie
hf ,ferdwx
f d
pyfaerI½NSd yD;qGma'oonfa*[pepft&ta&;ygonhi
f g;ESihfa&TUajymif;iSufrsdK;
pdw½
f dS&m ppfawmif;jrpf0Srf;a'o\ tpdwt
f ydi
k f;jzpfaeygonf/
vlrIpD;yGm;tajctae
qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme\pm&if;rsm;t&BudKwifowfrSwfxm;onhf
pDrHudef;ae&mrsm;\qnfajrmif;{&d,mwGifaus;&Gmaygif; 276&Gmwnf½y
Sd gonf/
cefYrSef;ajcvlOD;a&5odef;cefYpDrHue
d f;{&d,mwGifaexdi
k frI½NSd yD;qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;
tvdu
k fvlOD;a&tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;udZ
k ,m;(5)(aemufqufw2
GJ )wGif
wifjyxm;ygonf/{&d,mtwGif;½Sd
vltrsm;pkrSm
ArmvlrsdK;rsm;jzpfaomfvnf;
qGmqnfajrmif;uGyfu{
J &d,mwGif u&ifvr
l sdK; tenf;i,faexdi
k fMuygonf/
pDrHudef;{&d,m\t"dupD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rSmv,f,mpdu
k fysdK;a&;jzpfí
tdrfaxmifpkaygif;57159\27784tdrfaxmifpkrsm;rSmv,f,mvkyfief;rdom;pk
rsm;jzpfNyD; ysrf;rQv,fydi
k fqkdifrIrSm qifaowGif 5{ucefY? ajrmuf,rm;wGif
4{ucefY?
qGmwGif
2.5{ucefYESihf
rvJewfawmifwGif
3{ucefY
toD;oD;
jzpfMuygonf/okYd aomfawmifor
l sm;\v,f,mpdu
k fcif;rsm;\ysrf;rQt&G,t
f pm;
rSmpdu
k fcif;wpfckvQif
0.2
(rvJewfawmif
wGif)
{urS1.5{u
(ajrmuf
,rm;)cefY½dSygonf/¤if;rSmao;i,fonf[o
k wfrSwfEi
kd fNyD;awmifor
l sm;taejzihf
qnfajrmif;?a&EIwa
f jrmif;twGuf¤if;wdkY\ v,f,majrrsm;udk pDrHcefYc&
GJ mwGif
tcuftcJrsm;jzpfay:apygonf/2012ckESpfwGifjy|mef;onhv
f ,f,majrOya'
t&jrefrmEdi
k fiH½Sa
d wmifolrsm;tm;vH;k onfajr,mtoH;k jyKcGihfrSwy
f w
Hk ifjcif;t
wGujf yefvnfavQmufxm;&efvkdtyfygonf/Oya'wGifyg0ifonhfvkyfxkH;vkyf
enf;rsm;t&oufqkdif&mtpd;k &XmerSajr,mtoH;k jyKcGihfrSwy
f Hkwifjcif;xkwfay;&ef
tenf;qHk;&ufaygif;
(134)&uf
vufrSwx
f kwa
f y;rItajctaeudk
vdt
k yfygonf/
(SLRD)ajr,mtoH;k jyKcGihf
Z,m;(4)wGifazmfjyxm;NyD;tcsuftvuf
rsm;t&pDrHue
d f;{&d,m½Sa
d wmifol90%ausmfrSmtqdkygvufrSw&
f ½Sdxm;NyD;jzpfyg
onf/¤if;vufrSwf&,l&mwGifawGU&avh½o
Sd nht
f cuftcJwckrSmajr,mtoHjk yK
cGiv
hf ufrSwa
f vQmufxm;jcif;rjyKrSE
D i
kd fiHom;pDppfa&;uwfjym;½Sd&rnfqdo
k nht
f
csufjzpfygonf/
pDrHudef;{&d,m½Sv
d uf½Sq
d nfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;rSa&&½SdrIwkd;jr§iv
hf monh&
f
v'ftjzpf ,cktcg a'ocH awmifor
l sm;rSm
Multiple Cropping
ukd aqmif &Guf
vmMuygonf/ tenf;qHk; Zlvi
dk fvrS 'DZifbmvtxd rd;k pyg; pdu
k fysdK; jcif;
ESihf
Zefe0g&DvrS
{NyD^arvtxd
aEGpyg;pdu
k fysdK;jcif;jzihf
double cropping
udk
ေqmif&Guv
f mMuygonf/ {u xGuE
f Ief;taejzihf rd;k pyg;txGuf wif; 80rS
100cefYESihf
aEGpyg;txGuf
tay:rlwnfí
wif;
tcsdKUae&mrsm;
ESr
H sm; jzpfonhf
green gram
85rS
115cefY½dSMuygonf/
ajrmuf,rm;½Sd
aus;&Gmrsm;wGif
a&&½SdrI
rd;k BudKoD;
(okYd ) ESrf;udk aEGpyg;ESihf rdk;pyg;Mum;umvwGif
pdu
k fysdK;Muygonf/tajctaersm;taejzihw
f ae&mESihfwae&mtrsdK;rsdK;ajymif;vJrI
½Sdaomfvnf;pDrHue
d f;{&d,mwGifawGU&avh½o
Sd nht
f csufrSmqnfa&&½Sr
d IrcufcJyg
updu
k fysdK;xkwfvy
k frIrsm;odompGmwdk;wufvmNyD;rdom;pk0ifaiGESiy
hf pön;f rsm;wd;k
yGm;vmMuygonf/txl;ojziht
f jcm;ae&mrsm;ESihfEi
dI f;,SOfvQifvlrIpD;yGm;tajct
aewd;k wufaumif;rGefrIudkodompGmawGU&ygonf/qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;rSt
usdK;aus;Zl;r&½So
d nht
f eD;tem;&Gmrsm;ESihfEi
dI f;,SOfvQifqnfajrmif;uGyfuJ{&d,m
rsm;\aus;&Gmrsm;wGiftvkyftudi
k ftcGifhtvrf;twGuf&GmrSxGuí
f tjcm;ae&m
rsm;okYd oGm;a&mufrIrsm; odompGmenf;yg;ygonf/
pkpkaygif;tdrfaxmifpkrsm;rSajr,mrJt
h drfaxmifpk&mcdi
k fEIef;jrihr
f m;NyD;qifao
wGif
39%
(8766
tdrfaxmifpk)?
tdrfaxmifpk)?
qGmwGif
35%
(5780
ajrmuf,rm;wGif
tdrfaxmifpk)?
65%
(8100
rvJewfawmifwi
G f
59%(3336 tdrfaxmifpk)cefYtoD;oD;½Sy
d gonf/ysrf;rQtm;jzihf ¤if;rSmpDrHudef;
{&d,mwpfckvkH;taejzihf45%cefY½dSygonf/tcsdKUaom&moDtvdu
k fv,f,mvkyf
ief;rsm;twGuv
f ,f,mtvkyform;iSm;&rf;&efcufcJjcif;ESiy
fh wfoufíawmifol
rsm;rSm
azmfxw
k fajymqdMk uygonf/
tqdy
k gaus;&Gmtrsm;pkwi
G f
tjcm;enf;
vrf;0ifaiGtcGiht
f vrf;rsm;r½Sjd cif;aMumihfa&½SnfumvtwGufpu
dk fysdK;a&;zGHUNzdK;
wd;k wufrItcsufwcsufwnf;jzihfaus;vuftvkyfvufcjJh yóemuda
k jz½Sif;Eki
d f
rnfr[kwy
f Jtjcm;zGUH NzdK;a&;tvm;tvmrsm;ESihfaygif;pyfajz½Sif;aqmif&Gu&
f efvkd
tyfygonf/
aus;&Gmrsm;okdY
uGif;qif;avhvmpOfumvtwGif;
jzpfEi
kd facs½Sd
onh္ajr,maps;EIef;wGuc
f sufcefYrSef;rIrsm;ESiy
hf wfoufítjrifrsm;uda
k zmfjyMuNyD;
tu,fípdu
k fysdK;ajrrsm;rSmoGm;vmEdi
k faomvrf;rsm;wavsmufwi
G fwnf½NSd yD;
qnfajrmif;vkyfief;tm;ydr
k dt
k oH;k jyKEdi
k fyguajr,maps;EIef;ydkrdk jrihr
f m;Edi
k faMumif;
ajymqdMk uygonf/ysHUESUH rI½o
dS nha
f ps;uGua
f ygufaps;t&pdu
k fysdK;ajrrsm;tjcm;ol
rsm;okYd a&mif;cs&efv,f,majrOya'(2012)rSazmfjyonha
f wmifor
l sm;w&m;0if
&ydi
k fcGiE
hf Sihy
f wfoufítqdy
k gtcsufrSm ta&;ygonf/
½kyfyi
dk f;qdkif&m,Ofaus;rI t&if;tjrpfrsm; (PCR)
pDrHudef;{&d,mwGifa½S;a[mif;ESihf,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfqkdif&mae&mrsm;awGU½Sd&
jcif;r½Sdaomfvnf;pDrHudef;aus;&Gmrsm;wGifbkef;BuD;ausmif;rsm;ESia
hf pwDykxkd;rsm;
ponhb
f moma&;taqmuftOD;rsm;½Sdygonf/
oufqkdif&m0efxrf;rsm;rStwnfjyKcsufrsm;t&pDrHue
d f;{&d,m½Sw
d l;ajrmif;w
avQmufwGifrnfonhb
f moma&;qdi
k f&mae&mrsm;?okómefrsm;r½S[
d ko½
d dS&yg
onf/þpDrHue
d f;t&aiGaMu;yHy
h ;dk &efpOf;pm;xm;onhq
f nfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;wckpDt
wGuf
ae&mtvdu
k ftao;pdwf
ESIA
aqmif&Gu&
f mwGif
PCRs
ESiy
hf wfoufí
xyfrHtuJ jzwfcsufrsm;udv
k nf; aqmif&Guy
f grnf/
pDrHue
d f;aemufcHtcsuftvufrsm;ESiy
hf wfoufonhf tjcm;½Iaxmif^
h u@rsm;
vwfwavmwGifqnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;trsm;pkonfyp
Hk Hyi
dk f;ESifhjyKjyifxe
d f;
odrf;rIraumif;rGefjcif;aMumihE
f kef;wifjcif;jyóemESihf&ifqkdifae&ygonf/
wl;ajrmif;trsm;pk\wnfaqmufyHa
k umif;rGefjcif;r½SdyJqnfw;l ajrmif;rsm;rSeD;pyf
&mv,f,majrrsm;okYd ,dp
k drfr
h IaMumihq
f nfajrmif;uGyfu{
J &d,mrsm;wGifa&vQHrIrsm;
udjk zpfay:apygonf/qnfa&aomufv,f,majrrsm;rSobm0a&pD;ajrmif;rsm;
okYd aumif;rGefonfha&Ekwa
f jrmif;rsm;r½Sjd cif;aMumihfajredro
fh nha
f e&m^csdKifc
h Gur
f sm;
wGifa&BuD;^a&vQHjcif;rsm;awGU½S&
d ygonf/ajrmuf,rm;acsmif;(urf;yg;a&wdu
k f
pm;jcif;?a&vrf;aMumif;ajymif;vJjcif;)ESiq
hf Gmacsmif;(oufqkdif&mqnfajrmif;pDrH
udef;\a&t&if;tjrpf)rsm;\a&pD;aMumif;oGifjyifESihfwnfaqmufyHq
k di
k f&mt
ajymif;tvJrsm;onftdrfokH;a&xkw,
f lokH;pGjJ cif;ESihfa&pD;aMumif;atmufyi
dk f;a*[
pepftay: oufa&mufrIrsm;ESihf qufpyfaeaMumif; awGU½Sd&ygonf/
2.5 vuf½Sd Oya'a&;&mESihf tzGUJ tpnf;qdi
k f&mrlabmif
obm0ywf0ef;usifpDrHcefYcGr
J IESiy
hf wfoufonhf Oya'a&;&mrlabmif
rMumao;cifESpfrsm;twGif;tpd;k &taejziho
f bm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&mOy
a'?pnf;rsOf;rsm;aumif;rGefwd;k wufa&;aqmif&Gua
f erIrsm;½Sdaomfvnf;jrefrm
Eki
d fiHwi
G fobm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&mOya'?pnf;rsOf;ESihftaumiftxnfazmfrI
rsm;rSmtm;enf;aeqJjzpfygonf/þtajctaewGiftrsdK;om;tqiho
f bm0ywf
0ef;usifqkdif&mrl0g'onfrnfonhp
f DrHue
d f;twGur
f qdkobm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&
m½Iaxmihr
f sm;tm;pD;yGm;a&;zGUH NzdK;wd;k wufrIESia
fh ygif;pyfaqmif&Gu&
f eftajccH
jzpfapygonf/
2012ckESpfwi
G fjrefrmEdi
k fiHüyxrOD;qHk;tBudrftrsdK;om;obm0ywf0ef;
usifqi
dk f&mOya'udjk y|mef;cJy
h gonf/tqdy
k gOya't&trsdK;om;tqiho
f bm0
ywf0ef;usifxe
d f;odrf;apmiha
f ½Smufa&; n§E
d i
dI f;a&;aumfrwD (NECCC)udk
Stakeholder
rsm;Mum;xda&mufaomyl;aygif;aqmif&Gur
f I½a
Sd p&eftzGJUtpnf;trsdK;rsdK;rStqihf
jriht
f &m½Sdrsm;jzihz
f GUJ pnf;cJNh yD;Eki
d fiHwi
G f;½So
d bm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&mtajctae
rsm;udx
k def;ndu
§ GyfuE
J di
k f&efobm0ywf0ef;usifxe
d f;odrf;apmiha
f ½Smufa&;OD;pD;Xm
eudt
k opfzGUJ pnf;cJy
h gonf/Eki
d fiHt0Srf;½So
d bm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&maqmif&Gur
f I
rsm;ESip
hf DrHcefYcGr
J Irsm;uda
k vhvmppfaq;Edkif&eftpd;k &rSobm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&m
t&nftaoG;pHowfrSwc
f sufrsm;udkcsrSwc
f y
Jh gonf/xdYk aMumihf
&if;ES;D jr§KyfEr
SH IESihf
zGUH NzdK;a&;pDrHue
d f;topfrsm;taejziho
f bm0ywf0ef;usifESihv
f lrIa&;&mouf
a&mufrIrsm;tuJjzwfjcif;(ESIA)rsm;uda
k qmif&Gu&
f efvkdtyfvmygonf/tao;
pdwt
f csufrsm;uda
k emufqufwJGobm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&mpnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;
rsm;wGifowfrSw&
f ef½Sa
d omfvnf;¤if;taejzihfw&m;0ifxw
k fjyef&efusef½a
Sd eyg
ao;onf/xdkYaMumihEf SMFvkyfief;pOfonfxGua
f y:vmrnhfpnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;yg
ñTefMum;csufrsm;ESihf udu
k fnr
D I½&
Sd ygrnf/
obm0awm½di
k f;wd&pämefrsm;ESit
hf yifrsm;umuG,jf cif;ESihfobm0{&d,m
rsm;xdef;odrf;apmiha
f ½Smufa&;Oya'(1994)wGifjrefrmEki
d fiH½Sd½Sm;yg;írsdK;wHk;vkjzpf
aeaomtyifrsm;ESihfwd&pämefrsdK;pdwfrsm;tm;umuG,fapmiha
f ½Smuf&efOya'azmfjy
csufrsm;yg½Sdygonf/okYd jzpfíCITIESrSowfrSwfxm;onhr
f sdK;pdwr
f sm;\pm&if;t
&tjrJwrf;ESih,
f m,DumuG,&
f rnhfrsdK;pdwr
f sm;pm&if;udk
Update
vkyf&efvdk
tyf
ygonf/xdYk tjyifumuG,&
f rnhfig;rsdK;pdwr
f sm;twGua
f zmfjycsufrsm;r½Sdyg/1992
opfawmOya'\vdt
k yfcsuft&jrefrmEki
d fiHtESUH umuG,a
f pmiha
f ½Smuf&rnhfuefY
owftyifrsdK;pdwr
f sm;pm&if;udkopfawmOD;pD;XmerSxw
k fjyefcy
Jh gonf/tqdy
k gt
yifrsm;aygufa&muf(okYd )awGU&onhr
f nfonha
f e&mwGifrqdkopfawmOD;pD;XmeOy
a't&w&m;0ifumuG,a
f pmifha½Smuf&rnfjzpfNyD;¤if;wdYk tm;ckwjf zwfjcif;?
toH;k csjcif;rsm;twGuf
cGifjh yKrdefYvt
dk yfygonf/
Oyrm
–
acacia
uJo
h kYd aom
tyifrsdK;pdwr
f sm;udq
k ifao?မလဲewfawmifESihfajrmuf,rm;a'orsm;wGifawGU½Sd
Edi
k fNyD;tu,fítqky
d gtyifrsm;tm;rvGr
J a½Smifomqnfw;l ajrmif;ESihftaqmuf
tOD;wnfaqmufjcif;?jyefvnfxa
l xmifjcif;rsm;\oufa&mufrI½y
Sd guBudKwif
umuG,a
f &;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Gu&
f efvkdtyfygrnf/
ukvor®*ZD0rsdK;uGJrsm;qdi
k f&m
ckESpfrSpítrsdK;om;tqihf
(NBSAP)tm;
ZD0rsdK;uGJZkH
ZD0rsdK;uGJrsm;qdkif&m
jrefrmEki
d fiHwi
G f
urÇmt
h qih½
f mS ;yg;í
oabmwlnc
D suftzGUJ 0ifjzpfovdk
a'orsm;udk
AsL[majrmufvy
k fief;tpDtpOf
yHp
k HcsrSwa
f qmif&Guc
f y
Jh gonf/
rsdK;wkef;vkrsdK;pdwr
f sm;
2011
jrefrmEdi
k fiH½Sd
aexdi
k fwnf½dS&mta&;ygonhf
umuG,a
f pmiha
f ½Smuf&ef
OD;pm;ay;tpDtpOfESihf
AsL[mrsm;csrSwfaqmif&Gua
f eygonf/ajrmuf,rm;qnf\qnfajrmif;uGyfuJ
{&d,monf
taemufzufwi
G f
OD;pm;ay;owfrSwx
f m;onhf
ZD0-pBuFefESihf
e,ferdwfxp
d yfaejcif;aMumihr
f sdK;wkef;vka&TUajymif;iSufrsdK;pdwr
f sm;ponhO
f D;pm;
ay;umuG,a
f pmiha
f ½Smuf&rnhr
f sdK;pdwr
f sm;twGufBudKwifumuG,a
f &;tpDtrHrsm;
aqmif&Gu&
f efvkdtyfygonf/
xdYk jyifjrefrmEdi
k fiHwi
G f&moDOwkajymif;vJjcif;rsm;ESip
hf yfvsOf;í
aqmif&Guf
&efup
d ö&yfrsm;½Sy
d gonf/jrefrmEdi
k fiHtaejzihfukvor®*&moDOwkajymif;vJjcif;
qki
d f&moabmwlnc
D suf(UNFCCC)wGifoabmwlvufrSwa
f &;xd;k xm;jcif;aMumihf
yxrOD;qHk;trsdK;om;tqihf
qufo,
G fa&;tpD&ifcHpmudk
jyifqifí
UNFCCC
udw
k ifjycJy
h gonf/t&if;tjrpftrsdK;rsdK;rSzefvkHtdrf"mwfaiGUrsm;pGefYxkwr
f Irsm;udk
cefYrSef;wGufcsufjcif;tjyif&moDOwkqi
dk f&mudu
k fna
§d jymif;vJjcif;ESihfavQmhcsjcif;
rsm;twGut
f pDtpOfrsm;aqmif&Gujf cif;ponfvy
k fief;rsm;twGuftpd;k &
rSaqmif&Gur
f Irsm;½Sy
d gonf/avQmhcsjcif;u@taejzihfopfawmjyKef;wD;jcif;?
ajr,mtoH;k jyKrI?
ajr,mzH;k vTrf;rItajymif;tvJrsm;?
t"dut&if;tjrpfrsm;rS
pGefYxkwa
f vQmhcsEdi
k f&ef
avhvmazmfxw
k fcJy
h gonf/
avQmhcsa&;
qnfajrmif;a&avSmifuefrsm;ESihf
pyg;pdu
k fysdK;rIrsm;rSrDokdif;vf"mwfaiGUpGefYxkwfjcif;rsm;onf
jzpfapaomaMumihf
pyg;cif;rsm;ponhf
þpDrHue
d f;\
AsL[m
rsm;udk
wk;d yGm;vmonhf
GHG
obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf
pGefYxkwfjcif;udk
vlrIa&;&m
ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm;twGu¤
f if;tcsuftm;xnho
f Gif;pOf;pm;&efvkdtyf
ygonf/
ZD0ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;oabmwlnc
D suf
(Cartagena?
pdu
k fysdK;a&;pDrHue
d f;OD;pD;Xme(DAP)rS2008ckESpfwi
G f
2000)t&
MOAI
½Sd
ZD0ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;twGuf
trsdK;om;tqihr
f labmifukdrlMurf;a&;qGc
J y
Jh gonf/xdkYaMumiht
f u,fípdu
k fysdK;a&;
zGUH NzdK;wdk;wufrItwGufrsdK;ADZjyKjyifajymif;vJxm;onhr
f sdK;aphrsm;tm;Eki
d fiHtwGif;
okYd wifoi
G f;&ef&nf&G,y
f guZD0ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;rlabmifvy
k fxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;\
vkyfief;pOfESihñ
f TefMum;csufrsm;udkvdu
k femaqmif&Gu&
f efvdktyfygonf/
tu,fípyfrsdK;aphESihf
Quarantine
Oya'
rsdK;aphOya'
tyifypönf;rsm;tm;
(1993
ckESpfESihf
(2011)rsm;\
wifoi
G f;&ef½Sdygu
2011
ckESpfwi
G f
The Plant Pest
jyefvnfjyifqif)ESihf
vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;?
vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;udk
vdu
k femaqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfygonf/
pdu
k fysdK;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrItpdwt
f ydi
k f;tjzpfqnfa&aomuf{&d,mrsm;
wGif
toH;k jyKrnhf
"mwfajrMoZm
rsm;twGuf
yd;k owfaq;Oya'(1990)ESihf
Edi
k fiHwumtaumif;qHk;vkyfxH;k vkyfenf;rsm;t&¤if;wdkYtm;w&m;0if vdi
k fpifjzihf
wifoi
G f;jcif;?o,f,y
l dYk aqmifjcif;?xdef;odrf;oda
k vSmifjcif;rsm;½Sd^r½Sdppfaq;&ef
vdt
k yfygonf/
aus;vufNrdKUe,frsm;wGif
MuHKawGUae&onhv
f uf½jSd yóemrSm
e,fpyfrsm;rSw&m;r0ifjzwfausmfwifoi
G f;vmonhfy;dk owfaq;rsm;ESia
hf tmufajc
tqihw
f Gifyd;k owfaq;Oya'tm;
rnfodkYxda&mufpGmta&;,laqmif&GuE
f i
dk frnf
qdo
k nhftcsufrsm;jzpfygonf/tdrfe;D csif;Edi
k fiHrsm;rSwifoi
G f;onhf"mwfajrMoZm
rsm;rSmvnf; tvm;wludpö&yf rsm;jzpfonf/ jynfyrS wifoi
G f;toH;k jyKonhf
rnfonhf"mwfajrMoZmudr
k qd2
k 002ckESpfwi
G fjy|mef;onh"
f mwfajrMoZmOya'ESihf
udu
k fnr
D I½S&
d ygrnf/
tqdjk yKADP
S pDrHue
d f;\qnfrsm;ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;? obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf
vlrIa&;&mab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;rsm;ESiq
hf ufEG,fonhq
f nfajrmif;ESihfa&Ekwa
f jrmif;
vkyfief;rsm;ESihy
f wfoufívnf; pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf; tcsdKU½Sdygonf/ ¤if;wGif
wl;ajrmif;Oya' (1905? 1998wGif jyifqif)? jrefrmEdi
k fiH wm? wrHOya'
(1909?
1998
wGif
jyifqif)ESihf
jrefrmEdi
k fiHqnfajrmif;vkyfief;vrf;ñTef
(1945? jyefvnfjyifqif? wnf;jzwfNyD;)wdYk yg0ifygonf/
wdi
k f;&if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;qdi
k f&m Oya'rlabmif
jrefrmEdi
k fiHzGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'
(2008)\
tcef;(1)?
tyd'
k f(22)t&
jrefrmEki
d fiHtpd;k &onfjrefrmEki
d fiH½w
Sd di
k f;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;\ynma&;?usef;rma&;
?
bmompum;?
pmay?
tEkynmESihf
,Ofaus;rIrsm;zGUH NzdK;
apa&;ulny
D Hy
h d;k &efuwdu0wfjyKaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/
wd;k wuf
¤if;\azmfjycsufrSm
–
jynfaxmifpk^Edi
k fiHawmf taejzihf –--(u) wdi
k f;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;\bmompum;?pmay? tEkynmESi,
hf Ofaus;rIrsm;
zGUH NzdK;wdk;wufap&ef/
(c)
wdi
k f;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;tMum;pnf;vH;k nDñGwr
f I?
tjyeftvSefcspfMunfrI?
av;pm;rIESihf tjyeftvSef ½dkif;yif;ulnr
D Irsm;udk jr§iw
hf if&ef/
(*)
zGUH NzdK;rIaemufusaeonhw
f di
k f;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;\ynma&;?
usef;rma&;?
pD;yGm;a&;?o,f,y
l kYd aqmifa&;ESihfqufoG,a
f &;rsm;tygt0ifvr
l IpD;yGm;t
ajctaersm;zGUH NzdK;wdk;wufrIrsm;udjk r§iw
hf if&efyy
Hh ;dk ulnD&ygrnf/
wdi
k f;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;tjzpfyg0ifonhf
wdi
k f;&if;om;tpktzGUJ rsm;twGuf
wlno
D nht
f cGift
h a&;rsm;udz
k GUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'rSjznfq
h nf;xm;NyD;¤if;wdkY\
,Ofaus;rIrsm;ESih"
f avhxkH;wrf;rsm;tm;xdef;odrf;apmiha
f ½Smuf&ef&nf&G,o
f nhO
f y
a'?pnf;rsOf;rsm;vnf;½Sdygonf/
¤if;wGif
jynfaxmifpkwkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;
zGUH NzdK;a&; wuúodkvx
f laxmifjcif;udk 1991 ckESpfwi
G f jy|mef;aqmif&Guc
f NJh yD;
jynfaxmifpkwkdif;&if;om;rsm;\,Ofaus;rI?"avhxkH;wrf;ESihf
em;vnf?
tMum;
xdef;odrf;apmiha
f ½Smuf&ef?
jynfaxmifpk
tpOftvmrsm;udk
jynfaxmifpkwkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;
pdwf"mwf½Sifoefci
dk frm&efjzpfovdk
wuúodkvw
f Gif
&if;ES;D azmfa&Gonht
f odi
k f;t0di
k f;wGifaexdkifíynmoifMum;Eki
d fMuap&efjzpfyg
onf/
ajr,modrf;,ljcif;ESihy
f wfoufí Oya'rlabmif
jrefrmEdi
k fiHwi
G f¤if;ESihy
f wfoufonhO
f ya'a&;&mrlabmifrSmxGua
f y:vmNyD
jzpfonf/jrefrmEki
d fiHtaejziho
f D;oefYajrOya'r½Sa
d omfvnf;ajr,mESiy
hf wfouf
onhr
f wlna
D omtrsdK;tpm;rsm;twGuO
f ya'tcsdKU½Sdygonf/vuf½O
Sd ya'pepft
&ajr,mtm;vH;k tm;Eki
d fiHawmfrSyi
dk fqkdifNyD;ajr,mtoH;k jyKolrsm;taejzihfSLRDrS
todrSwjf yKvufrSwr
f sm;udk&,l&ygrnf/ajr,modrf;qnf;jcif;tufOya'1894
onftodrSwjf yKvufrSwr
f sm;udkjznhq
f nf;ay;ygonf/tu,fíyk*¾vu
d ajrtm;
odrf;,ljcif;(okYd )yk*¾vdu ydi
k fypön;f rsm; (tyifrsm;? oD;ESr
H sm; ponfh trsm;
jynfol
(okdY)
yk*¾vu
d
pDrH
udef;
wckckaMumihf
qH;k ½IH;
rIjzpf
ay:yg
uaps;uGua
f ygufaps;ESihn
f DrQonha
f ygufaps;twdi
k f;ay;aqmif&rnf/¤if;Oya'
t&oufa&mufrIcH&onhjf ynfolrsm;onfw&m;pGq
J dE
k i
kd fygonf/v,f,majrOy
a'opftm;rMumao;rDtcsdefujy|mef;usifo
h H;k cJNh yD;¤if;rSjyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm;pGm
udjk y|mef;cJy
h gonf/Oyrmv,f,majrydkif½Sifrsm;taejzih¤
f if;wdkY\v,f,majr
wpdww
f ydi
k f;(okYd )tm;vH;k tm;a&mif;csjcif;?aygifEjSH cif;?iSm;&rf;jcif;?vJv,
S fjcif;?
tarGay;jcif;?vSL'gef;jcif;ponfrsm;udkaqmif&GuE
f i
kd faMumif;todtrSwjf yKazmfjy
Eki
d fygonf/xdYk tjyif epfemaMu;udk ajr,mESiw
hf Gv
J suf½dSonhftaqmuftOD;rsm;
-
ESpfrsdK;pvH;k twGuf
ay;aqmif&efvkdtyfygonf/
aus;vufa'orsm;½Sd
pdu
k fysdK;ajrr[kwa
f omajrrsm;twGuNf rdKUi,fESia
hf us;&GmtufOya'tm;jyefvnf
oHk;oyfjyifqifaeygonf/rMumao;rDujy|mef;usiho
f H;k cJo
h nha
f jrvGwa
f jr½dkif;?
yg;vSyfajr?pDrHcefYcGr
J IOya'rSvnf;toH;k rjyKaomajrrsm;ESiy
hf wfoufíOya'azmf
jyyg½Sy
d gonf/
2012ckESpfwi
G fjy|mef;cJo
h nhfv,f,majrOya'wGifawmifor
l sm;taejzihf
vdt
k yfygutpktzGUJ zGJUpnf;&efcGihfjyKaMumif;Oya'yg½Sdygonf/okdYaomftqdy
k gt
csuftaejzihv
f ufawGUaqmif&GuE
f i
dk fjcif;r½Sdao;yg/tb,fa
h Mumihq
f da
k omf
awmifot
l zGUJ tpnf;zGUJ pnf;&efqE´½o
Sd nha
f wmifor
l sm;onfw&m;0ifrSwy
f w
Hk if
aqmif&Gu&
f eftwGuo
f ufqkdif&m0efBuD;XmerScGijfh yKcsuf&½Sd&eftcuftcJrsm;&if
qdi
k fae&aomaMumihfjzpfonf/
Oya'\vpf[mcsufwpfckrSmtqky
d gtzGUJ rsm;taejzihfyl;wGJpDrHcefYco
GJ nhv
f kyfief;
rsm;
-
qnfajrmif;vkyfief;rsm;
ponfrsm;tm;
yGiv
hf if;jrifompGmESihf
wm0efcHrI½Sp
d GmpDrHcefYcGr
J Iwm0ef0wå&m;rsm;rnfrQaqmif&GuE
f i
dk fonfqkdonhf
tao;pdwf azmfjycsuf ryg0ifjcif;jzpfygonf/
pDrHue
d f;vkyfief;rsm;ESihy
f wfoufí vuf½t
Sd zGUJ tpnf;qdi
k f&mrlabmif
obm0ywf0ef;usifxe
d f;odrf;apmiha
f ½Smufa&;ESihfopfawma&;&m0efBuD;Xm
e (MOECAF)onf jrefrm Edi
k fiH½Sd obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&mvTrf;jcHK
pDrHcefY
cGr
J Irsm;twGuf
wm0efcHjzpfonf/
MOECAF
\
,ciftzGUJ tpnf;
jzpfonhf
opfawma&;&m0efBuD;Xme(MOF)(1992)onfjrefrmEdi
k fiH½Sdobm0ywf0ef;usif
qdi
k f&mumuG,a
f y;jcif;ESihy
f wfoufonhn
f dE
§ i
dI f;aqmif&Gur
f Irsm;tm;wjznf;
jznf;jcif;vkyfief;vTJajymif;&,lco
Jh nf/
2005ckESpfwi
G f
MOFonf
1990
obm0ywf0ef;usifa&;&mrsm;twGuf trsdK;om;aumfr½Sif (NCEA) (xdt
k csdefu
t"duobm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&mtmPmydi
k ftzGUJ tpnf;)tm;0efBuD;XmetrsdK;rsdK;
rS
XmetBuD;tuJ
MOECAF
19OD;jzihz
f UGJ pnf;cJh
onf/
2012ckESpfwi
G f
NECA
onf
vufatmuf½Sd Xme (6)ckteuf wpfckjzpfvmcJhygonf/ (obm0
ywf0ef;usifxe
d f;odrf;apmiha
f ½Smufa&;OD;pD;Xme) ¤if;\t"duOD;wnfcsufrsm;rSm
(1)obm0ywf0ef;usifqdi
k f&mowfrSwc
f sufrsm;tm;trsdK;om;a&½SnfwnfwhH½Sif
oefaomzGUH NzdK;a&;vkyfief;pOfokdYaygif;pyfaqmif&GuE
f i
kd f&eftrsdK;om;obm0ywf
0ef;usifqkdif&mrl0g'?
AsL[m?
rlabmif?
pDrHue
d f;ESihf
vkyfief;pOfrsm;tm;
taumiftxnfazmfjcif;?(2)obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;xdef;odrf;apmiha
f ½Smufjcif;
ESit
hf ½SnfwnfwHhaumif;rGefonhftoH;k csrIrsm;tm;pDrHcefYcjGJ cif;?t½SnfwnfwhH
aumif;rGefaomobm0ywf0ef;usiftwGufa&xk?avxkESiha
f jrxknpfnrf;rIrsm;
xdef;csKyfjcif;?(3)obm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&mpDrHcefYcr
GJ IESiy
hf wfoufítjcm;tpd;k &
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;?
Eki
d fiHwum
tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;?
&yf&GmvlrItzGUJ tpnf;rsm;?
yk*¾vduu@rsm;ESihy
f l;aygif;aqmif&Gujf cif;wdkYjzpfMuygonf/
2004ckESpfwi
G ftrsdK;om;tqihE
f Sia
hf 'oqdi
k f&mtqiho
f bm0ywf0ef;usif
qdi
k f&mxdef;odrf;apmiha
f ½SmufrIvy
k fief;rsm;tm;aygif;pyfaqmif&Gu&
f ef&nf&G,í
f
trsdK;om;obm0ywf0ef;usif xdef;odrf;apmiha
f ½Smufa&; aumfrwD (NECC)udk
GOMrSxa
l xmifcJy
h gonf/opfawma&;&m0efBuD;XmerSOuú|tjzpfaqmif&Guo
f nhf
tm;
NECC
2011
ckESpf
{NyDvwGif
21cktjzpfajymif;vJzGUJ pnf;cJy
h gonf/
NECC
tzGUJ 0if0efBuD;Xme
wGif
pyfaumfrwD
19cktpm;
(4)ck½NSd yD;
¤if;wdkYteufpyfaumfrwDwpfck\OD;wnfcsufrSmjrpfacsmif;rsm;ESip
hf p
dk Gwa
f 'orsm;
½So
d bm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&m
MOECAF
(1)
jyóemrsm;udk
ajz½Sif;aqmif&Gu&
f efjzpfonf/
\ OD;pm;ay;vkyfief;tpD tpOfrsm;wGif atmufygwdYk yg0ifygonf/
obm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&mt&nftaoG;pHowfrSwc
f sufrsm;ESihf
npfnrf;rIxe
d f;csKyfa&;twGufvrf;ñTef rsm;jyKpkjcif;/
(2)
EIAvkyfxkH;vkyfenf;ESihv
f rf;ñTefrsm;?jyefvnfokH;oyfjcif;ESihf
avhvmppfaq;jcif;qdkif&m tzGUJ tpnf; rsm; xlaxmifjcif;
(3)
obm0ywf0ef;usifESihq
f ufEG,o
f nhf a&t&if;tjrpfpDrHcefYcr
GJ I
(4)
&moDOwkajymif;vJjcif;qdi
k f&menf;AsL[mrsm;ESihfab;tEÅ&m,fta&;ay:
Master Plan
tajctaepDrHcefYcGr
J ItpDtpOf a&;qGa
J qmif&Gujf cif;
(5)
umAGefenf;yg;onhf zGUH NzdK;wdk;wufrItwGut
f pdrf;a&mifenf;AsL[mrsm;
(6)
obm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&mavhvmppfaq;a&;tajctaersm;ESip
hf pfaq;
a&;pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;jyKpkjcif; ponfwkdYjzpfygonf/
MOECAF twGuf
t"dutcuftcJrsm;rSm –
(1)
owif;tcsuftvufr½Sdjcif;
(2)
enf;ynmqdi
k f&muRrf;usifrIr½Sdjcif;
(3)
b@ma&;qdi
k f&mt&if;tjrpfrsm;ESihf a&½SnfwnfwhHEi
dk frIr½Sjd cif;
(4)
tpd;k &tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;?trsdK;om;tqihE
f Sihfa'otqiht
f zGUJ tpnf;rsm;Mum;
ndE
§ di
I f;aqmif&Gur
f Ir½Sdjcif;
(5)
trsm;jynfoy
l g0ifaqmif&Gur
f IESiy
hf wfoufonhf pdefac:rIrsm;
(6)
tcsdefuefYowfcsufrsm;wdYk jzpfMuygonf/
MOAIonftqdjk yKpDrHudef;twGut
f rsdK;om;tqihftaumiftxnfazmfa&;
tzGUJ tpnf;jzpfygonf/
rMumao;rDESpfrsm;uobm0ywf0ef;usifqi
dk f&musef;rma&;vkyfief;rsm;
jzpfonhf
tEÅ&m,f½Sa
d om
tqdyfoihy
f pön;f rsm;tm;
avhvmwdi
k f;wmjcif;?
obm0ywf0ef;usifnpfnrf;rIESihfqufEG,o
f nhv
f kyfief;cGifusef;rma&;tajct
aersm;tm;ppfaq;jcif;?oefY½i
S f;aomaomufokH;a&jznhq
f nf;rIESir
hf dvm’ pepfrsm;
wd;k wufaumif;rGefapjcif;ponhv
f kyfief;rsm;tm;
&Gua
f eygonf/
MOH
rS
aygif;pyfaqmif
urÇmb
h PftzGUJ ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;rl0g'rsm;
tqdjk yKpDrHudef;&if;ES;D jr§KyfEo
SH lrsm;taejzihv
f lrIa&;&mESio
hf bm0ywf0ef;
usifqkdif&maumif;rGefonhf
tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;azmfaqmifEi
kd fonhf
yHkpHjzpfap&ef
arQmfrSef;xm;ygonf/þpDrHue
d f;onfurÇmb
h Pf\atmufygab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;rl
0g'rsm;udk
tusHK;0ifapygrnf/
(OP
yk;d rTm; pDrHcefYcGr
J I (OP-4.09)? ½kyfyi
dk f;qdkif&m ,Ofaus;rI t&if;
4.01)?
tjrpfrsm;
(OP-4.11)?
obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m
qnfrsm;\ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;
tuJjzwfcsuf
(OP-4.37)?
qE´
tavsmufr[kwa
f oma&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;jcif;(OP-4.12)?a'ocHwkdif;&if;om;
jynfor
l sm;
(OP-4.10)wdYk jzpfMuygonf/
tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;udk &nfñe
T f;
tqdy
k g
website
rl0g'rsm;ESiy
hf wfoufonhf
wGifavhvmEdi
k fygonf/
avmavmq,fwi
G fjrefrmEki
d fiHüobm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&moufa&m
ufrItuJjzwfcsuf rlabmif twGuf pnf;rsOf;rsm;r½Sa
d o;yg/
GOM
taejzihf
2001ckESpfwi
G fobm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&moufa&mufrItuJjzwfcsufpnf;rsOf;
rsm;udk
rlMurf;jyKpkcJa
h omfvnf;
twnfjyKjy|mef;&efusef½a
Sd eygao;onf/
2012ckESpfxe
d f;odrf;apmiha
f ½Smufa&;Oya'onfvnf;
MOECAF
ESIA
pepfaqmif&GuE
f i
dk fNyD;
tm;a,bl,svkyfyi
dk fcGiv
hf nf;jznhq
f nf;ay;xm;aomfvnf;
ESIA
vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;ESihv
f rf;ñTefcsuftao;pdwr
f sm;tm;twnfjyK&efusef½a
Sd eyg
onf/
aqmif&Gux
f m;aomfvnf;Edi
k fiHwumtzGUJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf
EIAR
tcsdKUaomEki
d fiHjcm;aumfya&;½Sif;rsm;u&efya
Hk iGaxmufyo
Hh nhp
f DrHudef;rsm;twGuf
om
tvsOf;oiho
f vdk
rlabmift&
EIA
aqmif&Gua
f eygonf/
MOECAF
\tzGUJ tpnf;qdi
k f&m
ESiy
hf wfoufonhp
f defac:rIrsm;rSmus,fjyefYvmaeNyD;
vufawGUwGif&if;ES;D jr§KyfESr
H IpDrHue
d f;rsm;\obm0ywf0ef;usifqi
dk f&mESihf
vlrIa&;&maqmif&Gur
f Irsm;tm;oH;k oyf&efESia
hf vhvmppfaq;&efenf;ynmESihf
b@ma&; tenf;i,fom½Sy
d gonf/
xdYk tjyifpDrHudef;&if;ES;D jr§KyfEr
SH Irsm;onfaumif;rGefaomEki
d fiHwumpufrI
vkyfief;tavhtxrsm;(GIIP)\a,bl,sESiv
hf kyfief;tao;pdwe
f rlemrsm;ESit
hf wl
enf;ynmqdi
k f&m&nfñe
T f;pmwrf;rsm;jzpfonhfurÇmb
h PftzGUJ ?obm0ywf0ef;
usif?usef;rma&;ESihfab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;(EHS)vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;udv
k du
k femaqmif&Guf
ygrnf/tqdy
k gEHv
S rf;ñTefcsufrsm;toH;k jyKjcif;ESiy
hf wfoufí&if;ES;D jr§KyfEr
HS Iwpfck
csif;pDtwGujf zpfay:vmonha
f b;tEÅ&m,frsm;tvdu
k fukdun
f da
§ qmif&Gur
f nf
jzpfNyD;wnfae&mtvdu
k ftajymif;tvJrsm;jzpfonha
f 'ocHtajctae?obm0
ywf0ef;usifESiht
f H0ifcGifusjzpfrI?tjcm;pDrHudef;cGq
J di
k f&mtcsuftvuftm;xnhf
oGif;pOf;pm;xm;onho
f bm0ywf0ef;usifqi
dk f&mtuJjzwfcsuf&v'frsm;tay:
tajccHíaqmif&Guy
f grnf/&if;ES;D jr§KyfEr
SH IwpfcktwGu&
f ½SdEi
dk fonfn
h pfnrf;rIwm;
qD;jcif;ESihx
f def;csKyfa&;enf;pepfrsm;tm;tuJjzwfjcif;wGifobm0ywf0ef;usif
qdi
k f&mysufpD;rIyrmPtrsdK;rsdK;ESio
hf bm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&mtH0ifcGifusjzpfrIt
wdi
k f;twm?b@ma&;ESihe
f nf;ynmqdi
k f&mvufawGUaqmif&GuE
f i
kd frIyrmPrsm;p
onfwkdYyg0ifygonf/
2.6
pDrHue
d ftaumiftxnfazmfjcif;tpDtpOfrsm;?pGrf;aqmif&nfESihfavhvmppf
aq;jcif;
MOAI
onfpDrHue
d f;ñTefMum;a&;rSL;\ vTrf;jcHK vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;t&ADSP
pDrHudef;\taumiftxnfazmfa&;tzGUJ tpnf;jzpfonf/pDrHue
d f;ñTefMum;a&;rSL;
onfMOAI\tqihfjrihp
f DrHcefYcGa
J &;tqihr
f sm;rSjzpfygonf/jynfaxmifpktqihf
wGiftrsdK;om;pDrHue
d f;OD;aqmif^uGyfua
J &;aumfrwD(NPSC)rSpDrHue
d f;tm;pDrHcefYcGJ
jcif;jzpfNyD;NrdKUe,ftqihw
f GifNrdKUe,fpu
dk fysdK;a&;ndE
§ i
dI f;aqmif&Gur
f IaumfrwD(ACC)
rSpDrHcefYcy
GJ grnf/NPSC\t"duvkyfief;rsm;rSmpDrHue
d f;vkyfief;tpDtpOfESiw
hf d;k
wufrIrsm;tm;oH;k oyfjcif;?taumiftxnfazmfa&;qdi
k f&tMuyftwnf;rsm;tm;
ajz½Sif;aqmif&Gujf cif;?pDrHue
d f;pDrHcefYcr
GJ IXmepdwf(PMU)rSawmif;cHonht
f jcm;udpö
&yfrsm;twGuv
f rf;ñTefcsufrsm;ay;jcif;ponfwkdYjzpfygonf/xdYk jyifpDrHue
d f;vkyf
ief;aqmif&Gup
f OftwGif;ay:aygufEi
dk fonhfrl0g'a&;&mudpö&yfrsm;ajz½Sif;aqmif
&Gujf cif;ESihp
f DrHue
d f;twGif;pDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfjcif;qdkif&mvrf;ñTefcsuf
rsm;jznhq
f nf;ay;jcif;wkYd vnf;yg0ifygonf/
a&;rSL;½H;k tcef;u@rSyg0ifNyD;
NPSC
PMU
onf
NPSC
\
twGif;
tm; pDrHue
d f;vkyfief;rsm;rpwifrSD
MOAI
\jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;xHrS txl; trdefY pmjzihf zGUJ pnf;ygrnf/
ACCrsm;onfNrdKUe,ftqihfzUGJ pnf;yHq
k di
k f&mndE
§ i
dI f;a&;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;jzpfNyD;
oD;ESp
H u
dk fysdK;rItpDtpOfESihw
f d;k csJUvkyfief;rsm;twGufndE
§ i
dI f;aqmif&Gujf cif;?
qnfa&cGa
J 0jcif;ESihjf zefYjzL;jcif;qki
d f&mqH;k jzwfaqmif&Gujf cif;rsm;tm;wm0ef,l
aqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/xdYk jyif¤if;wdkYtaejzih&
f nf&G,o
f nhfqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;½Sd
pDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm;tm;yl;wGJ(MOAIESia
hf wmifor
l sm;)pDrHue
d f;a&;qGjJ cif;ESia
hf vh
vmppfaq;jcif;rsm;twGut
f cGit
fh vrf;rsm;jznhq
f nf;ay;&ygrnf/NrdKUe,ftqihf
pDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfjcif;vkyfief;rsm;tm;pDrHue
d f;taumiftxnf
azmfa&;aumfrwD(PIC)rSaqmif&Gur
f nfjzpfNyD;¤if;onfACC\qyfaumfrwDwckjzpf
NyD;¤if;wGifMOAI\taumiftxnfazmfa&;OD;pD;Xmersm;rSNrdKUe,ftqih0
f efxrf;
rsm;yg0ifygrnf/ (ID,
DOA, DAR, AMD, SLRD)/
xlaxmifa&;vkyfief;rsm;udr
k l
ID
rS
okYd aomf qnfajrmif; jyef vnf
wdu
k f½u
dk faqmif&Guy
f grnf/
PIC
onf
oabmwlnx
D m;onhp
f DrHue
d f;vkyfief;rsm;twGuftpDtpOfa&;qGjJ cif;?taumif
txnfazmfjcif;ESiha
f vhvmppfaq;jcif;vkyfief;rsm;tm;WUGrsm;ESie
hf D;uyfpGm
aqmif&Guy
f grnf/
pDrHudef;tm;PMUrSpDrHcefYcr
GJ nfjzpfNyD;¤if;tm;ID
aygif;pyfzGUJ pnf;ygrnf/
ygrnf/
PMU
tm;
PMU
onf aejynfawmf½Sd
pDrHcefYc&
GJ ef
\vuf½z
Sd UGJ pnf;yHt
k wGif;
MOAI
½Hk;csKyfwi
G f wnf ½Sd
refae*smwOD;½SdrnfjzpfNyD;
¤if;tm;
tNydKiftqki
d f½Sa
d omjyifyrStvkyftudi
k fac:,lrIvy
k fief;pOfrSwqihc
f efYtyfwm0ef
ay;ygrnf/tjcm;PMU0efxrf;rsm;wGiftrsdK;tom;tqihfb@ma&;pDrHcefYcr
JG Iynm
½Sifrsm;?trsdK;om;tqiha
f xmufyHy
h Ydk aqmifa&;ynm½Sifrsm;?avhvmppfaq;tuJ
jzwfjcif;qdkif&mynm½Sifrsm;? ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;qdkif&mynm½Sifrsm;? vdt
k yfcsuf
t&enf;ynmqdi
k f&myHy
h d;k a&;0efxrf;rsm;yg0ifrnfjzpfonf/
PMU
taejzihf
pDrHudef;aeYpOfpDrHcefYcGr
J IESihn
f dE
§ di
I f;a&;vkyfief;rsm;tm;wm0ef,&
l ygrnf/ pDrHue
d f;
b@ma&;&mpDrHcefYcGJrI (FM)? axmuf^ydYk vkyfief;rsm;tm;
ID
\ b@ma&;ESihf
axmuf^ykYd XmecG(J ,if;rS0efxrf;rsm;tm;PMUokYd ajymif;a&TUwm0efxrf;aqmifap
onf)ESiw
hf Gz
J ufíwm0ef,a
l qmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/
ESpfpOfvy
k fief;tpDtpOfrsm;jyifqifjcif;?tcsdefESihfwajy;nDbwf*sufa&;qGJjcif;ESihf
taumiftxnfazmfjcif;?pDrHudef;&Hya
Hk iGpDrHcefYcr
GJ Irsm;tm;pDrHue
d f;owfrSwfcsuf
ESiu
hf du
k fnr
D Iqkdif&mvrf;ñTefrsm;ESia
hf vQmfnp
D Gmaqmif&Gujf cif;rsm;aocsmrI½a
Sd p&ef
ppfaq;aqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/xdYk jyif
PMU
onf
owfrSwa
f iGpm&if;
(Designated
Account)pDrHcefYcGr
J I?pDrHue
d f;&HyHa
k iGrsm;vTJajymif;jcif;?bPfaiGpm&if;rsm;jznhw
f if;
jcif;ESiha
f iGxw
k favQmufvTmrsm;wifjyjcif;?ESpfpOfvy
k fief;tpDtpOfrsm;?bwf*suf
tpDtpOfrsm;aygif;pnf;jcif;?ESpfpOfpDrHue
d f;aiGpm&if;ppfaq;jcif;twGufpDpOfjcif;
? pDrHue
d f;tpD&ifcHjcif;ESihf
M&E
ponhf vkyfief;rsm;twGuv
f nf;
wm0ef,l
aqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/
pDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm;taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gujf cif;udkenf;ynmqdi
k f&m
Xme (5)ckjzpfonhf (ID,
DOA, AMD, DAR, SRD)ponhf
wdi
k f;a'oBuD;^jynfe,ftqih?f
rSwqifh
c½di
k ftqih?f
aqmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/
pDrHue
d f;tydi
k f;
txnfazmfa&; OD;aqmif tzGUJ tpnf;rSm
ynmqdi
k f&myHy
h d;k rIrsm;jzihf
NrdKUe,f
ID
jzpfNyD;
aqmif&Gufygrnf/
(2)twGuf OD;aqmiftzGUJ tpnf;jzpfNyD;
DAR
ESihf
Xmersm;\ A[dt
k qih?f
tqihf
zGUJ pnf;
(1)twGuf
SLRD
DOA
AMD
ESihf
AMD
onf
yHr
k sm;
taumif
wdYk rS enf;
pDrHudef;tydi
k f;
wdkYrS enf; ynm qdi
k f
&myHy
h ;dk rIrsm;jziha
f qmif&Gufygrnf/tqdy
k gtaumiftxnfazmfa&;OD;pD;Xmersm;
onfpDrHue
d f;taumiftxnfazmfrIvy
k fief;rsm;acsmarGUapa&;twGufvdt
k yfaom
enf;ynmqdi
k f&muRrf;usifor
l sm;(okYd )vdktyfyguuRrf;usifynm½Sifrsm;ac:,l
wm0efay;rIrsm;tm;jznhq
f nf;&ygrnf/¤if;wdYk taejzihfatmufygvkyfief;rsm;udk
vnf; wm0ef,l aqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/
(1)
vkyfief;tpDtpOft&axmuf^ydYk vkyfief;rsm;tpysdK;aqmif&Gujf cif;?
PMUokYd enf;ynmqdi
k f&mowfrSwc
f sufrsm;ESihfTORs
rsm;jznfq
h nf;jcif;?tuJjzwfaumfrwD\tzGUGJ 0iftjzpf aqmif&Gujf cif;/
(2)
¤if;wdkY\oufqkdif&mvkyfief;aiGpm&if;rsm;? c½di
k ftqiha
f iGpm&if;rsm;\
&HyHa
k iGrsm;jznfq
h nf;jcif;?Mum;umvpm&if;ppfrppf&ao;aomb@m
a&;tpD&ifcHpm(IFRs)rsm;pkpnf;Edi
k f&ef
PMU
tm;b@ma&;qdi
k f&m
tcsuftvufrsm;jznhq
f nf;ay;jcif;/
(3)
oufqdi
k f&mvkyfief;tydi
k f;rsm;ESiv
hf kyfief;rsm;\ESpfpOfvy
k fief;tpDtpOf
rsm; jyifqifjcif;? pDrHudef; aygif;pyftpD&ifcHjcif;twGuf
PMU
tm;
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ESihf tñTef;udef;rsm;jznhq
f nf; ay;jcif;/
ponfwkdYjzpfygonf/vufawGUvkyfief;taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gujf cif;rsm;
tm;oufqdkif&mNrdKUe,ftqih0
f efxrf;rsm;rSA[dt
k qih^
f wdkif;a'oBuD;tqih^
f
c½dkiftqihu
f dpö&yftvdu
k f
uRrf;usifynm½SiftzGUJ rsm;
(SMS)\
BuD;MuyfrIESihf
enf;ynmqdi
k f&myHy
h d;k rIrsm;jziha
f qmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/okdYaomfqnfajrmif;jyefvnfxl
axmifa&; vkyfief;rsm;udr
k l ID rS wdku½
f kdua
f qmif&Guy
f grnf/
pDrHudef;tydi
k f;(4)twGuftaumiftxnfazmfa&;tpDtpOfrsm;(ta&;ay:
tajctaeb@ma&;&m)tao;pdwu
f dkoufqi
dk f&mvkyfief;vrf;ñTefwi
G fazmfjy
xm;ygonf/tqdy
k gvkyfief;vrf;ñTefonf þtydi
k f;\ aiG vTa
J jymif;rIqkdif&m
owfrSwc
f sufwckjzpfygonf/
onf
PMU
pDrHue
d f;wdk;wufrItajctaetm;
oabmwlnx
D m;onhp
f Grf;aqmif&nfqkdif&mtñTef;udef;rsm;jziha
f vhvmppfaq;
ygrnf/tñTef;udef;rsm;twGuv
f dt
k yfonhftcsuftvufrsm;tm;
rSpkpnf;
PIU
rnfjzpfNyD; ¤if;onf oufqkdif&mvkyfief;rsm;\ enf;ynmqdi
k f&m wd;k wufrI
tajctaersm;udk avhvmppfaq;&ef wm0ef,laqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/ pDrHue
d f;\
M
&
E
pepfonf
pDrHue
d f;tydi
k f;
txnfazmfrItajctaersm;?
(3)ckvkH;½Sd
xGuu
f kefrsm;?
pDrHue
d f;
&v'frsm;?
taumif
oufa&mufrIrsm;tm;
apmihMf unhp
f pfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;tm;t"duxm;aqmif&Gufrnfjzpfonf/
taumiftxnfazmfpOfumvtwGif;PMUtaejzihfpDrHue
d f;wd;k wufrItajctae
avhvmppfaq;&efESihf
pDrHue
d f;tñTef;udef;rsm;tm;
owfrSw0
f efxrf;rsm;tm;ac:,l?
wd;k wufrItpD&ifcHpm
(QPR)rsm;udk
updates
tñTef;udef;rsm;ESihy
f wfoufonhf
aqmif&Guf
cefYtyfaqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/
(3)vywfNyD;qH;k í
urÇmb
h PfokYd jznfhqnf;wifjy&ygrnf/ ¤if;
txnfazmfrItajctae
update
rsm;?
up-to-date
QPR
&ef
(3)vywf
(45)&uftwGif;
rsm;wGif pDrHue
d f;taumif
ta&;ygonhf
tcsuftvufrsm;?
pGrf;aqmif&nf
b@ma&;ESihf
axmuf^ydYk tcsuftvufrsm;?uefx½du
k favhvmppfaq;rIrsm;ponfwkdYyg0ifyg
onf/
urÇmb
h Pftaejzihf
MOAI
ESiy
hf l;wGJí
vkyfief;pGrf;&nf
rsm;t&pDrHue
d f;tajctaetm;tuJjzwfppfaq;&efumvv,f
tñTef;udef;
oH;k oyfcsuf
(MTR)tm;aqmif&Guy
f grnf/tqdy
k goH;k oyfcsufwi
G fatmufygwdkY ESiy
hf wfoufí
tuJjzwfcsufrsm; yg0ifygonf/
(1)
pDrHudef; taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gujf cif;qdkif&m a,bl,swd;k wufrI
(2)
M &E
(3)
axmuf^ykYd ? aiGvTE
J Sihf b@ma&;pDrHcefYcr
GJ I tajctaersm;
vkyfief;&v'frsm;ESihf tusdK;oufa&mufrItuJjzwfjcif;
(4)
obm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mpDrHcefYcr
GJ Irlabmif
(ESMF)taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&GufrI tajctae
(5)
taumiftxnfazmfa&;tpDtpOfrsm;
(6)
vkyfief;pGrf;&nfwkd;wufaumif;rGefap&efpDrHudef;udkun
f dr
§ IESihf&efya
Hk iG
jyefvnfcGa
J 0csxm;rItwGufvt
dk yfcsufrsm;ponfwkdYjzpfygonf/
tenf;qHk;umvv,ftpD&ifcHrwdi
k frSD(3)vtcsdeftwGif;PMUonf
aemufqkH;tajctae&v'ftñTef;udef;rsm;?pDrHue
d f;ukefusp&dwE
f SihfaiGvJT
ajymif;rIcefYrSef;ajcrsm;?NyD;pD;aqmif&Gur
f ItpDtpOfrsm;yg0ifonhf
pDrHudef;wdk;wufrItpD&ifcHpmudk urÇmb
h PfokYd jznhq
f nf;wifjy&ygrnf/
tqdy
k gtpD&ifcHpmtm;
PMU
tm;
vdt
k yfonhf
urÇmh
bPfESihf
NPSC
wdYk rS
tpDtpOfrsm;aqmif&GuE
f i
dk f&ef
rnf/
yHk (1)
pDrHue
d f;taumiftxnfazmfrI tpDtpOfrsm;
oH;k oyfppfaq;í
yHy
h ;dk ulnDoGm;yg
PMUonfobm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mynm½Sif(2)OD;jziha
f b;uif;vHk
jcHKa&;Xmepdwu
f dz
k GUJ pnf;&ygrnf/¤if;Xmepdwo
f nfatmufygvkyfief;rsm;tm;BuD;
Muyfwm0ef,a
l qmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/vufawGUaqmif&GuE
f i
kd frIavhvmjcif;wGifo
bm0ywf0ef;usifESihf vlrIa&;&mudpö&yfrsm;twGuf yg0if&rnhf
ppfaq;?
pDppf?
jyifqifjcif;/ IDwGif
TORs
a&G;cs,fowfrSwx
f m;onhf
rsm;tm;
pDrHue
d f;
vkyfief;cGr
J sm;tm;tao;pdwfpDppfppfaq;jcif;?ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&; ud&d,mrsm;ESihf
oD;jcm;
(third
party)0efaqmifrI
tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;twGuf
TORs
rsm;jyif
qifjcif;?pDrHue
d f;vkyfief;cGr
J sm;twGua
f b;uif;vHjk cHKa&;ud&d,mrsm;\t&nft
aoG;xdef;odrf;jcif;ESiho
f H;k oyfjcif;?avhvmppfaq;jcif;ESiha
f b;uif;vHkjcHKa&;
taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gur
f IaemufqufwJGaqmif&Gur
f Irsm;ponfwkdYjzpfyg
onf/
3/pDrHudef;t&obm0ywf0ef;usifESifv
h lrIa&;&mudpö&yfrsm;ajz½Sif;
aqmif&Gufjcif;
pDrHue
d f;vkyfief;trsdK;tpm;rsm;
pDrHudef;taejziha
f tmufygwdYk ESip
hf yfvsOf;ípDrHue
d f;&if;ED;S jr§KyfEr
SH Itvm;t
vmrsm;twGuf
EMP
ESiht
f wl
aqmif&GuE
f di
k frIavhvmjcif;?
ESIA
tygt0if
aqmufvy
k fa&;rsm;
tao;pdwf
vufawGU
BuD;Muyfaqmif&Gufjcif;ESihf
yHp
k Hrsm;ponfwkdYtwGuf aiGaMu;yHy
h ;dk ygonf/
-
vuf½Sy
d ifr
Conveyance
jyefvnfxa
l xmifjcif;?
pD;qif;rIxdrf;csKyfjcif;?
Ekef;wifrIpDrHcefYcGjJ cif;pepfrsm;?qnfajrmif;ESihfa&Ekwa
f jrmif;Ekef;wifrIuif;
½Sif;a&;pepfrsm;
-
v,f,majra&pDrHcefYcGr
J ItajccHtaqmufttHr
k sm;zGUH NzdK;wd;k wufa&;ESihf
a&G;cs,fxm;onhp
f epf 2-3ck½Sd prf;oyfajr,mzGUH NzdK;a&;tpDtpOfrsm;
-
qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKrIwd;k wufaumif;rGefa&;tpDtpOfrsm;jy|mef;jcif;?
avhvmppfaq;a&;ud&d,mrsm;ESic
hf sdKU,Gif;csufrsm;jyefvnfaumif;rGefa&;
vkyfief;rsm;
qnfajrmif;pepfrsm;wd;k wufaumif;rGefa&;twGuw
f nfaqmufa&;vkyf
ief;rsm;onfpepfwckcsif;pDtwGuu
f jGJ ym;rI½r
Sd nfjzpfNyD;vufawGUaqmif&GuE
f i
dk frI
avhvmcsufNyD;aemufrSomvQif tao;pdwfazmfjyEki
d fygrnf/ a,bl,stm;jzihf
ESihf
Primary
z,f½Sm;jcif;?
wl;ajrmif;ESiy
hf wfoufonhfvkyfief;rsm;wGif
Secondary
wm?
wrHrsm;cdi
k frmtm;aumif;apjcif;
Ekef;
(ajrwdu
k fpm;jcif;ESihf
avQmapmif;rwnfNidrfjcif;rsm;&efrSumuG,&
f ef)udt
k umtuG,f
lining
qnf;jcif;?
vkyfief;rsm;jzihf
ESihf
Structures
gate
rsm;jyifqifjcif;ponfh
rsm; jznhf
aqmif&Gujf cif;ponfwkdYyg0ifygonf/vkyfief;rsm;tm;vH;k onfvuf½w
Sd l;ajrmif;
pepfrsm;wGifomuefYowfaqmif&GufrnfjzpfNyD;wl;ajrmif;topfrsm;aqmufvy
k f
jcif;yg0ifrnfr[kwy
f g/tcsdKUaomae&mrsm;wGif
a&Ekwa
f jrmif;
wl;ajrmif;rsm;
½Sif;vif;jcif;?a&BuD;a&vQHrIrsm;rjzpfap&efESiq
hf nfajrmif;wl;ajrmif;rsm;okYd Ekef;0if
a&mufrIrsm;r½Sa
d p&efaqmif&Gujf cif;rsm;½Sdygrnf/tertiarypepfrsm;(a&pD;aMumif;yrm
PESiha
f tmufzufawmifop
l DrHcefYcp
GJ epfrsm;)wGifa&pD;aMumif;rsm;oefY½i
S f;a&;vkyf
ief;rsm;yg0ifEdi
k fNyD;tu,fíawmifor
l sm;qE´½y
Sd gutcsdKUaomv,f,majrwl;
ajrmif;wdk;csJUjcif;vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&GuE
f i
dk fygonf/rlt&vkyfief;rsm;tm;awmif
olrsm;ud,
k fwkdifaqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfNyD;IDrSyy
Hh ;dk rIrsm;jznfq
h nf;ay;&ygrnf/ajr
,mzGUH NzdK;a&;prf;oyftpDtpOfESiy
hf wfoufí
awmifor
l sm;^
ajrydi
k f½Sifrsm;ESihf
OD;pGmtao;pdwfoabmwlnc
D suf&½Sd&efvdt
k yfygonf/arQmfrSef;xm;onhfvkyfief;
rsm;wGifw;l ajrmif;rsm;?
csdefn§djcif;ponfwkdY
a&Ekwa
f jrmif;rsm;ESihf
yg0ifygonf/
Structures
v,f,majrtoH;k jyKvrf;rsm;
ydi
k f;taejzihf
ajratmufydu
k fvkdif;rsm;? v,f,majrwHwm;rsm;ESihf
division boxes
ao;i,f
tcsdKUae&mrsm;wGif
onhf
Water
rsm;yg0ifygonf/
tqdjk yKqnfab;uif;vHNk cHKa&;wdk;wufaqmif&Gur
f IESifhjyKjyifa&;vkyfief;
rsm;wGif atmufygwdYk yg0ifygonf/
u/ wmwrHud,
k fxnfydi
k f;
(i)
See page control twGuf upstream blanket wyfqifjcif;
(ii)
Glly wdu
k fpm;jcif;ESifh a&pdra
fh yguf(sinlhole) rsm; jyifqifjcif;/
(iii)
TOE
drainage
rsm;
jyifqifjcif;?Drainage
qifajcavQmrsm;
jyKjyifjcif;? xyfaqmif; relief well rsm; wyfqifjcif;
wmwrHrsufESmjyifumuG,a
f &;
(iv)
wd;k wufaumif;rGefapjcif;
(granular
fills rsm;jzifh crest rsm; tygt0if) wyfqifjcif;
piezometerESifh
(v)
rsufESmjyifwkdif;wmonfh
beacons
rsm;?
weirs
wdi
k f;wmonfh seepage rsm; wyfqifjcif;
c/ spillway
(u) weirESifh line chutesrsm;\ pGrf;&nfwkd;wufaumif;rGefapjcif;/
(c)
*/
spillway chutes rsm;? ab;eH&Hrsm;ESifh baffle blocks rsm; jyifqifjcif;/
a&avSmifuefrsm;twGif;
txl;ojzifh
intake
rsm;ESifh spillway rsm;
teD;tem;&Sd Ekef;wifrI pDrHcefYca
GJ &; vkyfief;rsm;
C/ qnfwnf&S&
d mae&mrsm;odYk oGm;vmonfv
h rf;rsm;jyifqifjcif;/
qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKrIqkdif&mjyKjyifa&;vkyfief;rsm;twGuftNyD;owfqkH;
jzwfcsufonfenf;ynmqdi
k f&mvufawGUaqmif&GuE
f i
dk frIavhvmcsuf&v'frsm;t
ay:wGif rlwnfygonf/
vGwv
f yfrI&Sa
d om qnfab;uif;vHkNcHKa&; tuJjzwfcsuf&Sd qnfrsm;\
cdi
k frmtm;aumif;rItwGut
f jcm;tBuHjyKcsufrsm;wGifatmufygwdYk yg0ifygonf/
-
trSefwu,fEkef;wifrIEIef;tm;tuJjzwfEdi
k f&efbathymetricavhvmrIaqmif
&Gujf cif;
-
tenf^Ekef; wl;azmfjcif;
-
(1)
ESihf
(2)wdYk rS&½Sdvmonhf
&v'frsm;udk
tajccHí
qnf\
oufwrf;Mum½Snc
f HEdi
k f&ef oufa&muf {&d,m Ekef;wifrI pDrHcefYcjGJ cif;
rsm;taumiftxnfazmfjcif;
-
,dp
k drfr
h IESifsh eepagewdi
k f;wmrIrsm;twGufud&d,mydi
k f;qdi
k f&mrsm;jyifqif
jcif;ESihf ppfaq;a&;ypön;f ud&d,mrsm;wyfqifjcif; (benchmarks,
ESihf
-
Piezometers
“V” notches)
vkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f IESifh
jyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;a&;
(O & M)
ta&;ay: tajctae jyifqifxm;&Sr
d ItpDtpOf(EPP)
tpDtpOfESifh
-
tjcm; (qnf\
toe
{&d,mESihf tuefYtowfrsm;?a&pD;aMumif; atmuf
zufavQmapmif;rsm;½Sd tyifrsm; ESihf csHKrsm;tm; ½Sif;vif;jcif;)
3.4
pDrHue
d f;\obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf
vlrIa&;&m
oufa&muf
rItvm;
tvmrsm;
þae&mwGifpDrHue
d f;\oufa&mufrIavhvmqef;ppfjcif;taejzihfpDrHudef;
{&d,mrsm;½So
d bm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mtajctaersm;\a,bl,stcsuf
tvufrsm;tm;&½St
d okkH;jyKEdi
k frIrSmtuefYtowf½NSd yD;tqdkjyKpDrHue
d f;vkyfief;rsm;
\a,bl,sod½SNd yD;oufa&mufrIrsm;\tcsuftvufrsm;om&½SdtoH;k jyKEdi
k fyg
onf/ okYd aomf
ESMF
jyifqifa&;umvtwGif;
Consultant
rsm;rS trsm; yg0if
Edi
k frI½a
Sd omtuJjzwfcsufyHp
k HukdtoH;k jyKcJhNyD;(Oyrm–aus;&Gmtqiht
f uJjzwfcsuf၊
vlrIa&;&mtuJjzwfcsuf?t&eftcsuftvuf&½Sr
d Irsm;)þtqihw
f Giftqdjk yKpDrH
udef;vkyfief;rsm;\obm0ywf0ef;usifESihv
f lrIa&;&mt&tvm;tvm½So
d nha
f ,
bl,soufa&mufrIrsm;ude
k m;vnfEi
dk f&efaqmif&Guc
f y
Jh gonf/ae&mtvdu
k fouf
a&mufrIrsm;(wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;rp
wifr^
SD
aqmif&GufaepOfESihf
vkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f ItawmtwGif;)tm;qef;ppfavhvmjcif;udkvufawGUaqmif
&GuE
f i
dk frIavhvmjcif;ESiht
f ao;pdwfyHp
k HjyKjcif;tqiht
f awmtwGif;aqmif&Gufrnf
jzpfNyD;oufqkdif&m
ESIAs,
ECoPs
ESiht
f jcm;ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;
ud&d,m
rsm;wGifvkdtyfovdkyg0ifygrnf/tMuHjyKxm;onhf pDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm; twGuf
obm0ywf0ef;usifESihv
f lrIa&;&ma,bl,soufa&mufrIrsm;udkatmufwi
G fazmfjy
xm;ygonf/
3.3
tjyKoabm (tusdK;)oufa&mufrIrsm;
tqkjd yKpDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm;taejziha
f umif;rGefaomyHp
k HESiu
hf wdu0wf
aqmif&Gur
f Irsm;½Sy
d gutpm;tpmzlvr
Hk Iwd;k wufaumif;rGefjcif;?tdrfaxmifpk0ifaiG
rsm;wd;k wufjcif;?aumif;rGefonhfaomufo;Hk a&ESihfrdvm’ pepfrsm;toH;k jyKEdi
k fjcif;
aMumihu
f sef;rma&;tajctaewd;k wufaumif;rGefvmjcif;?aus;vuftvkyftudkif
tcGit
hf vrf;rsm;zefw;D Eki
d fjcif;?a&vTrf;rdk;rIxe
d f;csKyfjcif;rsm;ydkra
dk umif;rGefvmjcif;
?a'owGif;
pD;yGm;a&;zGUH NzdK;wdk;wufrIwi
G f
qwd;k tusdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;ESihf
a&pDrHcefYcGr
J Iydr
k da
k umif;rGefjcif;ponha
f umif;usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;udjk zpfapyg
onf/jrefrmEki
d fiH\pkpkaygif;vlOD;a&rSmcefYrSef;ajc52oef;cefY½dSíESpftvdu
k fvO
l D;
a&BuD;xGm;EIef;rSm1%cefY½Sy
d gonf/jrefrmEdi
k fiH½Sdwd;k yGm;vmonfh vlOD;a&twGuf
tpm;tpmavmufiSrI½Sa
d p&efv,f,mpdu
k fysdK;a&;ukefxw
k fvy
k frItm;wdk;jr§iE
hf i
dk f
&eftxl;vdt
k yfaeygonf/tem*gwfwkd;yGm;vmrIrsm;twGufv,f,majryrmP
rSmtuefYtowf½Sa
d ernfjzpfaomaMumihfpu
dk fysdK;a&;ukefxw
k v
f kyfrIwd;k jr§i&
hf efrSm
t½Sdefjrihp
f du
k fysdK;a&;(intensification)aqmif&Gu&
f efta&;BuD;ygonf/pDrHue
d f;aus;&Gm
rsm;wGifvuf½Sq
d nfajrmif;pDrHudef;aMumihfpu
dk fysdK;a&;ukefxkwv
f kyfrIoo
d mpGmwdk;
jr§iv
hf maMumif;avhvmod½S&
d ygonf/tu,fítqdkjyKpDrHue
d f;tm;jzihfqnfwl;
ajrmif;wavQmufo,f,lykYd aqmifonha
f &xda&mufaumif;rGefvmygupyg;pdu
k f
ysdK;onh{
f &d,mrsm;omrupyg;{uxGuE
f Ief;rsm;vnf;wd;k yGm;vmygrnf/pDrHue
d f;
{&d,mrsm;rSmjrefrmEki
d fi\txufyi
dk f;ESiht
f v,fyi
dk f;a'orsm;wGifwnf½jSd cif;
aMumihq
f efpyg;xkwv
f kyfrIwkd;jr§ihjf cif;onfa'owGif;tpm;tpmyHy
h ;dk rItwGufrsm;
pGmtaxmuftuljzpfaprnht
f jyifpyg;pdu
k fysdK;Edi
k frItuefYtowf½NSd yD;jrefrmEdi
k fiH
atmufydi
k f;a'orsm;rSpyg;ud0
k ,f,í
l o,f,y
l Ykd aqmifp&dwjf rihr
f m;onhftxuf
ydi
k f;a'orsm;twGuf rsm;pGmtaxmuftuljzpfapygonf/
vuf½Sq
d nfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;\&v'ftjzpfpDrHue
d f;aus;&Gmrsm;½Sdawmif
oltdrfaxmifpkrsm;\ESpfpOf0ifaiGrSmwkd;yGm;vmaMumif;od½&
Sd ygonf/¤if;wdk;yGm;
vmrIonfqnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;jyefvnfxa
l xmifa&;vkyfief;rsm;aMumihx
f d
a&mufaumif;rGefrIrsm;wd;k wufvmjcif;ESiht
f wlyr
dk dkaumif;rGefvm&eftvm;tvm
½Sdaeygonf/0ifaiGwkd;yGm;vmrIonfqefpyg;aps;EIef;twuftusjzpfjcif;uJhokYd pdk
ufysdK;xkwfvy
k fonhfo;D ES\
H aps;uGut
f ajctaetay:rlwnfaomfvnf;awmif
olrsm;taejzihfaps;uGut
f vm;tvmtay:rlwnfíoD;ESw
H rsdK;rStjcm;wrsdK;odkY
ajymif;vJpdu
k fysdK;Edi
k fygrnf/Oyrm
–
yJtrsdK;rsdK;oD;ESr
H sm;twGuf
jrefrmEdi
k fiH
wGiftcuftcJrsm;pGmr½Sb
d JjynfywefyYdk aps;uGur
f Smaumif;pGmtajccdi
k faeNyD;jzpfyg
onf/tu,fíawmifor
l sm;taejzihv
f Gwv
f yfpGmoD;ESr
H sm;a&G;cs,fpu
dk fysdK;cGi½
fh dS
vmygua'ocHawmifor
l sm;taejzihfoihfawmfonfo
h D;ESHpu
dk fysdK;rIyp
Hk Hrsm;udt
k
vdu
k foiha
f jymif;vJaqmif&GuE
f di
k fvmygrnf/þtqdjk yKpDrHue
d f;jzihfpu
dk fysdK;a&;wd;k
csJUvkyfief;rsm;cdi
k frmtm;aumif;vmyguqufEG,o
f nha
f b;tEÅ&m,fqkdif&mpDrHc
efYcjGJ cif;ESihy
f wfoufíawmifor
l sm;\vkyfief;pGrf;&nfwkd;jr§ihfaumif;rGefvmapyg
onf/
tylydi
k f;a'orsm;(jrefrmEdi
k fiHtv,fyi
dk f;a'orsm;)½Sda&vHa
k vmufrIr½Sdjcif;
rsm;aMumiha
f umif;rGefonhr
f dvm’ pepftoH;k jyK&eftcuftcJrsm;½Sy
d gonf/
tusdK;quftjzpfa&aMumihjf zpfonha
f &m*gyd;k rTm;rsm;\'PfaMumihjf ynfoYl usef;
rma&;tajctaeqd;k 0g;rIrsm;½Sc
d NJh yD; touf (5)ESpfatmuf uav;rsm;tMum;
aoaysmufEIe;f jrihr
f m;onhf a&m*g (5)rsdK;teuf wrsdK;tygt0ifjzpfcy
Jh gonf/
tqdjk yKpDrHudef;taejzih&
f yf&Gmrsm;okYd aomufo;Hk a&jznhq
f nf;ay;a&;&nf&G,f
aqmif&Gujf cif;r[kwa
f omfvnf;ajrjyifa&yrmPjr§iw
hf ufvmjcif;aMumiht
f &if
uxuf
a&wGif;?
a&uefrsm;rS
a&ydr
k t
dk oH;k jyKEdi
k fvmjcif;aMumihf
vuf½Sd
qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;r½Sdaomaus;&Gmrsm;rStdrfaxmifpkrsm;twGu(f tenf;qHk;?tdrf
oH;k a&tjzpf) a&toH;k jyKEki
d frI wkd;yGm;vmaMumif;awGU½S&
d ygonf/
pDrHudef;aus;&Gmrsm;wGif vuf½q
Sd nfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;wGif tMuHK;r0ifonhf
aus;&Gmrsm;xufjyifya'orsm;okYd tvkyftudi
k f½SmazG&efa&TUajymif;oGm;vmrIenf;
yg;aMumif;awGU½S&
d ygonf/pDrHue
d f;aus;&Gmtrsm;pk½Sdtenf;qH;k oD;ES(H 2)oD;pdu
k f
ysdK;a&;vkyfaqmifrIrsm;aMumihw
f ESpfwmumvwavQmufv,f,mvkyfief;rsm;t
wGuv
f ,f,mvkyfom;rsm;ydr
k dv
k dt
k yfavh½y
Sd gonf/¤if;rSmtcsdefjynhftvkyfrsdK;r
[kwfaomfvnf;tcsdKUaus;&Gmrsm;½Sa
d jr,mrJjh ynfot
l rsm;pktwGufodomonhf
tvkyftudi
k ftcGiht
f vrf;zefw;D ay;rIrsdK;jzpfapygonf/xdkYaMumihp
f DrHue
d f;{&d,m
rsm;wGiftqkjd yKpDrHue
d f;tm;jzihft½Sdefjr§ip
hf u
dk fysdK;a&;aqmif&GuE
f i
dk fonfESit
hf rQ
vuf½t
Sd ajctaexufaus;vuftvkyftudi
k ftcGit
hf vrf;rsm;zefw;D Edi
k frIonf
qufvufaumif;rGefwkd;yGm;vmrnf[k ,lqEki
d f ygonf/
qGmqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rSvJGívuf½dSqnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;twGuftoH;k
jyKonhjf rpf^acsmif;rsm;rSmobm0tm;jzihf&moDtvku
d fjzpfípdkpGw&
f moDrsm;t
wGif;rd;k onf;xefpGm&GmoGef;ygurd;k a&aMumiha
f &BuD;^a&vQHrIvu©Pm&yfrsm;½SMd u
ygonf/¤if;tcsufonfa&pD;aMumif;atmufzuf½Sdpu
dk fysdK;ajrrsm;?vlaexdi
k frIESihf
tajccHtaqmufttHr
k sm;udjk yif;xefonhfysufpD;rIjzpfapygonf/tqdy
k gacsmif;
rsm;wGifqnfrsm;wnfaqmufNyD;pD;onfESihw
f NydKifeufonf;xefonhfr;dk a&pD;
qif;rItm;qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;a&avSmifuefjziho
f drf;,lEdi
k fNyD;a&pD;aMumif;
atmufydi
k f;okdYpD;qif;rIukdxe
d f;csKyfEi
dk fygonf/odkYjzihfqnfvkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f I
rsm;aumif;pGmpDrHcefYcGE
J di
k foa&GUa&pD;aMumif;atmufyi
dk f;a'orsm;½SdysufpD;rIrsm;udk
oufomaprSmjzpfonf/
qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;\teD;tem;½SdNrdKUrsm;wGifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wd;k
yGm;vmaMumif;awGU½S&
d ygonf/pdu
k fysdK;a&;ukefxw
k fvkyfief;rsm;wk;d yGm;vmjcif;
ESit
hf wlvy
k fief;aqmif&Gur
f Irsm;?aps;uGuw
f ifyYdk jcif;ESihp
f u
dk fysdK;a&; xGuu
f kefrsm;
o,f,y
l Ykd aqmifjcif;vkyfief;rsm;ydr
k ½
dk i
S foeftouf0ifvmNyD;tqdy
k ga'owGif
aumif;pGmvkyfief;vnfywfrI½Sa
d pygonf/awmifor
l sm;\0,f,E
l i
dk frIpGrf;&nfwkd;
jr§iv
hf mjcif;onfvnf;aus;&GmtwGif;ESit
hf eD;teD;NrdKUrsm;½St
d jcm;ukefypön;f ESihf
0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm;wd;k wufzUGH NzdK;vmap&efyy
hH ;dk rIjzpfapygonf/,if;odkYwd;k
wufrIrsm;onftqdjk yKpDrHue
d f;vkyfief;rsm;atmifjrifpGmt၏aumiftxnfazmf
Edi
k fyguqufvufíydr
k dz
k GUH NzdK; wd;k wufvmaprnfjzpfygonf/
qnfajrmif;vkyfief;rsm;pDrHcefYcr
GJ IESiy
hf wfoufítwdwfumvwGif
vlrIEi
dk fiHa&;tcuftcJrsm;aMumihjf ynfor
l sm;\aqmif&GufrIrSmtcGit
hf vrf;rom
cJy
h g/okYd jzpfíawmifor
l sm;yg0ifaqmif&Gur
f ItuefYtowf½dScNJh yD;qnfa&aomuf
{&d,mESihq
f nfa&ay;Edi
k frI{&d,mtcsdK;tpm;t&qnfajrmif;vkyfief;rsm;\xd
a&mufaumif;rGefrIusqif;cJy
h gonf/tqdjk yKpDrHue
d f;onftrsm;yg0ifaqmif&Guf
Edi
k fonhq
f nfajrmif;vkyfief;pDrHcefYcr
GJ Irsm;udkjr§iw
hf ifrnfjzpfaomaMumihy
f r
dk dx
k d
a&mufaumif;rGefonhfa&t&if;tjrpfpDrHcefYcr
GJ Irsm;twGut
f csuftvufjynhp
f o
Hk d
½Sdonhq
f H;k jzwfaqmif&GufrIvy
k fief;pOfrsm;rSmyGiv
hf if;jrifompGmESiw
hf m0efcHrI½p
Sd Gm
aqmif&GuE
f ki
d fvmygonf/
Stakeholder
rsm;tm;vHk;\
yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;
rsm;\ydr
k da
k umif;rGefaoma&t&if;tjrpfpDrHcefYcjGJ cif;rsm;twGuft½Sdefjr§ia
hf qmif
&Gujf cif;ESiht
f awGUtMuHKoifcef;pmrsm;rStwk,a
l qmif&Gujf cif;tm;jzihftrsm;yg
0ifaqmif&Guo
f nhfqnfajrmif;pDrHcefYcGJrIrsm;\atmifjrifrIonfvufawGUjzpf
xGef;Edi
k f&ef tvm;tvm½Sdonf/
3.4
qd;k usdK;oufa&mufrt
I vm;tvmrsm;
jyefvnfxa
l xmifjcif; (okYd ) tao;pm;wnfaqmufjcif;
vuf½Sq
d nfajrmif;pepfrsm;jyefvnfxa
l xmifa&;twGufaqmufvkyfa&;
vkyfief;rsm;\twdkif;twmtcsdefumvESit
hf xl;ojzihq
f nfrsm;?qufEG,t
f ajccH
taqmufttHr
k sm;ESiht
f axmuftyHt
h *Fg&yfrsm;rSmavmavmq,fwi
G frod½E
Sd i
dk f
ao;yg/
qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;\
tao;pm;
(okYd )
tv,ftvwftqihf
wdu
k f½u
dk f½y
k fyfkdif;qdkif&moufa&mufrIrsm;taejziha
f usmufusif;rsm;ESia
hf jrusif;
rsm;toH;k jyKjcif;ESihfzGihv
f Spfjcif;?
batch
plants
rsm;twGufae&mrsm;?
vkyfief;
cGifwJrsm;?ypön;f ud&d,mxm;½Sdonhf{&d,mrsm;yg0ifEi
dk fNyD;toH;k jyKvrf;rsm;vnf;
vdt
k yfvmygonf/(tqkjd yKqnfwpfck½Sdvkyfief;rsm;uJo
h kYd )qnfrsm;ESiha
f &avSmif
uefrsm;twGut
f qdkjyKvkyfief;tcsdKUtwGufwl;azmfjcif;rsm;vnf;vdt
k yfvmyg
onf/
tqdy
k gvkyfief;trsm;pktaejzih,
f m,DESihfae&mtvdu
k fo½
d dSNyD;aqmufvkyf
a&;qdi
k f&moufa&mufrIrsm;½SE
d di
k fNyD;txl;ojzihq
f ufpyfrIrsm;wGifavxknpfnrf;
jcif;?zkef?qlno
H Hrsm;? wkefcgrIrsm;? oGm;vmtoH;k jyKrI
tuefYtowfjzpfjcif;?
aqmufvy
k fa&;vkyfief;cGiftnpftaMu;rsm;?rqDavsmfonfp
h GefYypfrI?aqmufvy
k f
a&;vkyfief;rsm;rSrawmfwqavmifpmqDzdwp
f ifrIrsm;aMumihfajrESia
hf &rsufESmjyif
npfnrf;jcif;?ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tEÅ&m,frsm;jzpfonhftvkyform;rsm;ab;uif;
vHjk cHKa&;?obm0pm;usufajrrsm;?a&aewd&pämefrsm;?vuf½Sdpu
dk fcif;rsm;ysufpD;
jcif;ESih½
f y
k fydi
k f;qdkif&m,Ofaus;rIt&if;tjrpfrsm;tay:oufa&mufrIrsm;ponfwkdY
yg0ifygonf/
tqdy
k goufa&mufrItrsm;pkrSm
aqmufvy
k fa&;vkyfief;rsm;ESihf
qufEG,a
f eygonf/okYd aomfaumif;rGefonhE
f i
dk fiHwumaqmufvy
k fa&;vkyfxkH;
vkyfenf;rsm;?
tpDtpOfrsm;jzihf
tqdy
k goufa&mufrIrsm;tm;
wm;qD;&ef
(odYk ) vufcHEdi
k faomyrmPokYd avsmhcs&ef aqmif&GuE
f i
dk fygonf/ a&Ekyfajrmif;?
wl;ajrmif;rsm;jyefvnfxa
l xmifjcif;ESifhywfoufíIDEtkyfcsKyfrIatmufwi
G f½Sd
onhv
f uf½Sw
d l;ajrmif;rsm;wavQmufwi
G f
aqmif&Gu&
f efarQmfrSef;xm;yg
¤if;oufa&mufrIrsm;udkvnf;aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;umvtwGif;
onf/
(cantractor)
uefx½du
k fwmrSvnf;aumif;?PMUESiht
f if*sifeD,mrsm;\teD;uyfBuD;MuyfrIjzifh
vnf;aumif;aumif;pGmpDrHcefYcGE
J i
dk fygonf/jyifya'orsm;rStvkyform;rsm;tae
jzihBf uD;rm;onhv
f kyfief;cGifpcef;rsm;wGiftvkyfrsm;pkjyHK0ifa&mufjcif;ESihf
wdi
k f;&if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;jzpfEdi
k fonha
f 'ocHjynfolrsm;ESihftcGit
hf vrf;½SmazGol
rsm;Mum;y#dyu©jzpfEdi
k fygonf/jyifyrS0ifa&mufvmolrsm;aMumihful;pufa&m*gydk;
rsm;ysHUESUH onhf
tEÅ&m,f
(HIV/STD)
okYd r[kwf
a'oukef
ypön;f aps;EIef;ESihf
a'oaps;uGut
f a&mif;t0,frsmtay: oufa&mufrI½E
Sd i
dk fygonf/
a,bl,soufa&mufrIrsm;ESi¤
hf if;wkdYtm;avsmhcsa&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk
atmufygZ,m;wGif wifjyxm;yg onf/
enf;ynmqdi
k f&mtultnDaqmif&Guc
f sufrsm; tygt0if pDrHudef; enf;
ynmqdi
k f&mavhvmrIrsm;ESiv
fh kyfief;pGrf;&nfjr§iw
fh ifa&;&if;ES;D jr§KyfEr
SH Irsm;ajr,mwd;k wufaumif;rGefa&;ESit
fh yifrsm;umuG,a
f &;?acwfrDpu
dk fysdK;
a&;enf;pepfrsm;wd;k csJUaqmif&Gujf cif;ponfwkdYESiq
fh ufEG,o
f nfh&if;ES;D jr§KyfESH
rIrsm;tm;aygif;pyfyd;k rTm;pDrHcefYcr
GJ ItpDtpOftaumiftxnfazmfjcif;enf;vrf;
rsm;rSwqifa
h &&Snw
f nfwhH aumif;rGefaom yd;k rTm; pDrHcefYcr
GJ Ienf;vrf;rsm;
owfrSwE
f di
k f&efyHp
k HcsrSw&
f ygrnf/
qnfrsm;ypön;f ud&d,mrsm;
ESi^
fh odkY
qnfajrmif;enf;ynmprf;oyftpDtpOfrsm;ESifh
"gwfcGc
J ef;oH;k ypön;f ud&d,mrsm;
(DAR)
tm;
aiGaMu;axmufyHo
h nfh
tjcm;vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;&Sd 0,f,jl cif;? wyfqifjcif;rsm;udk urÇmb
h PfrS
twnfjyKonfh enf;ynmqdi
k f&mowfrSwc
f sufrsm;ESit
fh nD aqmif&Gu&
f rnf
jzpfNyD;¤if;wGif obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m tumtuG,fowfrSwc
f sufrsm;?
pDrHudef;umvtawmtwGif;ESifhaemufydkif;ab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;vkyfief;aqmif
&Gur
f IESifa
h &&Snw
f nfwhHaumif;rGefaomjyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;a&;vkyfief;rsm;ESifhywf
oufonfhoifwef;rsm;tjyifavsmhenf;a&;tpDtpOfrsm;vnf; yg0ifygonf/
Z,m;(1) pDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm;\qd;k usdK;oufa&mufrItvm;tvmrsm;ESifh
jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;^tao;pm;wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;tawm
twGif; toH;k jyKEdi
k fonfh avsmhenf;a&;tpDtpOfrsm;
Z,m;3.5
obm0ywf0ef;usifqdi
k f&ma&½SnfESihfoG,f0dkuf
oufa&mufrr
I sm;
vwfwavmwGifjzpfEki
d fonhfa&½Snfoufa&mufrIrsm;twGuftuJjzwfcsuf
rsm;aqmif&Gujf cif;rjyKao;yg/atmufygqef;ppfavhvmrIrsm;onfpmawGUoH;k
oyfcsufrsm;ESihq
f nfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;½SdtpD&ifcHpmwifjyxm;onho
f ufa&muf
rIrsm;tm;tajccHxm;ygonf/tqky
d goufa&mufrIrsm;uda
k jz½Sif;Edi
k f&efvdu
k favsm
nDaxGpGmaqmif&GuE
f di
k frnhf
pDrHcefYcr
GJ Ienf;AsL[mrsm;udk
vmrnht
f cef;wGif
tMuHjyKwifjyxm;ygonf/
qnfajrmif;vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Gujf cif;rS½v
Sd mEdi
k frnha
f &½Snfa,bl,souf
a&mufrIrsm;wGifavsmhenf;onhp
f D;qif;rItkyfcsKyfa&;pepfESiq
hf ufEG,o
f nhu
f dpö
&yfrsm;? jyif;xefonhf &moDOwktajctae½Sd a&vTrf;rd;k rI ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;?
GHGpGefYxkwfrIrsm;?ajrqDvm
T twGif;qm;"mwf0ufa&mufjcif;ESihfajrqDvmT ajrMo
Zmusqif;jcif;?ajrqDvmT wdu
k fpm;jcif;ESia
hf &0yfjcif;?jrpf^acsmif;oGifjyif^vu©P
m&yfrsm;ajymif;vJjcif;?Ekef;wifjcif;?
ydk;rTm;^aygufyifrsm;wd;k yGm;jcif;ponfwdYk
yg0ifEi
dk fygonf/xdkYtjyifqnfajrmif;{&d,mrsm;wGifo½
d dSNyD;tcsufwpfckjzpfonhf
awmifor
l sm;onfoD;ESr
H pdu
k fysdK;onh&
f moDrsm;wGif uRJ? EGm;rsm;twGuf ¤if;wdYk
\v,f,majrtm;pm;usufajrtjzpftoH;k jyKonfqkdonhftcsufjzpfonf
tqdjk yKpDrHudef;aMumihq
f nfajrmif;vkyfief;pepfrsm;wd;k jr§iv
hf mrnfjzpfonhft
wGuf
pm;usufajrqH;k ½IH;rIrsdK;jzpfay:Edi
k fojzifh
uRJ^EGm;tpmrsm;
xkwfvy
k f&ef
qnfa&aomufajrrsm;tm;toH;k jyKrIwkd;jr§iha
f p&efpDrHue
d f;rSaqmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf
/ ¤if;wkYd tm; arG;jrLa&;wd&pämefrsm;\ (pen-fed
feeling)twGuf
toH;k jyK Eki
d f
ygonf/ xdYk jyifawmifolrsm;\ "mwfajrMoZmESihf yd;k owfaq;tvGef tuRH
toH;k jyKrIrsm;onf
v,f,majrrsm;rS
eD;pyf&mobm0a&pD;aMumif;
(okdY)
ajrjyifa&rsm;okYd pD;0ifonha
f &Ekwa
f jrmif;?a&t&nftaoG;tay:oufa&mufrI½Sd
Eki
d fNyD;pDrHudef;ae&mrsm;wnf½S&
d ma'orsm;½Sdaomufo;Hk a&t&if;tjrpfrsm;tay:
a&½Snfoufa&mufrIrsm;½SdEdi
k fygonf/
obm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&mtvm;tvm½Sdaoma&½Snfoufa&mufrIwckrSm
ajrjyfa&yrmPjrihw
f ufvmEdi
k fjcif;jzpfonf/¤if;tcsufonfjyefvnfxa
l xmif
a&;ESihp
f epftoH;k jyKrIwkd;jr§ihjf cif;rsm;rSw;dk jr§iv
hf monhfqnfajrmif;vkyfief;ouf
a&mufrIwckjzpfygonf/xdYk jyif jyefvnfxlaxmifNyD;pDrHue
d f;\ jzpfvmEdi
k fonhf
oG,0
f u
dk f
oufa&mufrIrSm
qnfajrmif;ae&mrsm;teD;tem;½Sd
a&wGif;rsm;udk
toH;k jyKonha
f us;&Gmrsm;\aomufokH;a&t&nftaoG;tay:oufa&mufrIjzpfyg
onf/onhftjyiftjcm;a&t&if;tjrpftoH;k jyKolrsm;ESihfy#dyu©ay:aygufEi
dk fjcif;
jzpfovdk(qnf^a&avSmifuefrsm;ESiy
hf wfoufonhv
f kyfief;aqmif&Gur
f Irsm;^Oy
rma&tm;vQyfppf"mwftm;ay;½H)k jrpf^acsmif;ponfa&t&if;tjrpfrsm;rSxkw,
f l
onfc
h Gijhf yKa&yrmPtoH;k jyKjcif;ESihfqufpyfonhfab;tEÅ&m,fponfwkdYjzpfyg
onf/
tqdjk yKpDrHudef;tm;jzihfqnfajrmif;vkyfief;rsm;\xda&mufaumif;rGefrIwkd;
wufvmjcif;aMumiht
f em*wfwGift½Sdefjr§io
hf D;ESp
H u
dk fysdK;rIrsm;wd;k yGm;vmrnho
f
abm½SdEi
dk fygonf/
tu,fíawmifor
l sm;onf
qnfajrmif;
vkyfief;rsm;
wd;k wufaumif;rGefrIaMumih¤
f if;wdkY\v,fajrrsm;wGif"mwfajrMoZmjziha
f jrqDvmT
t[m&xyfrHjznhw
f if;jcif;rsdK;rjyKvkyfbp
J yg;oD;ESo
H mvQifxyfwvJvp
J u
dk fysdK;yg
uajrqDvmT twGif;½S½
d y
k fydi
k f;qkdif&mESihf "mwkaA'qdi
k f&mtajymif;tvJrsm;aMumihf
ajrMoZmwjznf;jznf;usqif;rIrsdK;
½SdEi
dk fygonf/
xdYk jyif
qnfwl;ajrmif;
rsm;\½kyfydi
k f;qdi
k f&muGef,ufrsm;onf aus;&Gmjynfor
kl sm;\ oGm;vmrItwGuf
tcuftcJjzpfjcif;?txl;ojziht
f rsdK;orD;rsm;ESiu
hf av;rsm;taejzihfaus;&Gmt
wGif;½SdaetdrfrSv,f,majrrsm;okYd oGm;vm&mwGifaumif;rGefonhv
f rf;^wHwm;
wnfaqmuf^xdrf;odrf;xm;jcif;rsdK;r½SdygutcuftcJjzpfay:Eki
d fygonf/
xdYk jyifaus;&Gmjynfor
l sm;rSuefYowfxm;onhw
f l;ajrmif;{&d,mrsm;wGifowdrrl
oGm;vmjcif;rsm;aMumihw
f l;ajrmif;rsm;xdcdkuf^ ysufpD;jcif;rsdK;jzpfEi
dk fygonf/
a,bl,stm;jzihftqdjk yKpDrHue
d f;onftqdy
k goufa&mufrItcsdKUtm;
½Sif;Eki
d fap&ef
a&G;cs,fxm;onfh
ajz
tajccHtaqmufttka
H qmif&Gur
f Irsm;\
cdi
k frmaumif;rGefaomyHp
k H?pdu
k fysdK;a&;wd;k csJUpepfrsm;\xda&mufrItm;&nf&G,f
onht
f aumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif;ae&mtvdu
k ftao;pdwt
f uJjzwfcsuf
rsm;?aygif;pyfatmf*Jepf"mwfajrMoZmrsm;tm;wm0efop
d Gm*½kwpdu
k ftoH;k jyKrIrsm;
?ajrqDvmT vu©Pm&yfrsm;ESihu
f ku
d fno
D nho
f D;ESHa&G;cs,frIrsm;?ponfenf;vrf;
rsm;tm;toH;k jyKí oufa&mufrIrsm;tm;avQmhcsEdi
k fap&efaqmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/
pku
d fysdK;a&;wd;k csJUtpDtpOfESihc
f sdwfqufívnf;pDrHue
d f;taejziho
f bm0ywf0ef;
usifESio
hf [Zmwjzpfonfp
h du
k fysdK;a&;enf;ynmrsm;?aygif;pyfy;dk rTm;pDrHcefYcGrIrsm;
tm;us,fus,fjyefYjyefYjzefYa0Eki
d fap&eftqiht
f rsdK;rsdK;½Sd
stake holders
rsm;twGuf
vkyfief;pGrf;&nfjznhfqnf;onht
f pDtpOfrsm;udv
k nf;b@ma&;yHy
h ;dk oGm;ygrnf/
pDrHudef;ae&mrsm;wGif½Sv
d mEdi
k fonhfwjznf;jznf;csif;pkpnf;ay:aygufvm
onho
f bm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&moufa&mufrIrsm;wGiftxufydi
k f;a&a0a&vJa'
orsm;½Sd
pnf;urf;owfrSwc
f sufESihf
xdef;csKyfrIr½Sdonhf
ow¬KwGif;
ESihf
a&Tusifvy
k fief;rsm;aMumihjf yefvnfxa
l xmifa&;aqmif&Guo
f nhq
f nfajrmif;pDrH
udef;rsm;ESihc
f sdwfqufaeonhfa&avSmifuefrsm;rS
a&pD;aMumif;atmufydi
k f;wGif
a&xknpfnrf;rIjzpfay:jcif;rsm;yg0ifygonf/rvJewfawmifqnfwi
G f
arsenic
yrmPjrihr
f m;aerIukdawGU½S&
d NyD;qifaoqnfw;l ajrmif;rSxw
k f,o
l nhfa&erlem
wGif
nitrate
yrmPtjrihq
f Hk;owfrSwc
f sufxuf
ausmfvGefaeygonf/
tqdy
k gt&if;tjrpfrsm;½Sn
d pfnrf;rItm;ajz½Sif;aqmif&Gufjcif;rjyKyguqufEG,f
onhq
f nfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;jyefvnfxa
l xmifa&;aqmif&Gua
f omf vnf; a&pD;
aMumif;atmufydi
k f;½Sr
d sufESmjyifESia
hf jrjyifa&xkt&nftaoG;xdcdu
k frI½E
Sd i
kd fygonf
/onht
f jyifqnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;taejziha
f &pD;aMumif;atmufydi
k f;½Sa
d &vTrf;rd;k
rIxe
d f;csKyfa&;twGuyHp
k HjyKaqmif&Gux
f m;aomfvnf;a'owGif&moDOwkjyif;xef
jcif;rsdK;jzpfay:ygua&vTrf;rd;k rItEÅ&m,ftvm;tvm½Sdaeygonf/
aemufqufwGt
J aejzihfpDrHue
d f;taumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif;&if;ES;D jr§KyfEr
SH It
wGuo
f ufa&mufcH&Edi
k frItvm;tvm½Sdonf[kowfrSwo
f nha
f e&mrsm;tm;
tao;pdwt
f uJjzwfjcif;rsm;aqmif&Gu&
f efvdt
k yfovdq
k DavQmfonhf a&vTrf;rd;k rI
umuG,a
f &;tpDtpOfrsm;tqdjk yKwifjy&efvkdtyfygonf/(Oyrm၊a&vTrf;rd;k rIum
uG,o
f nhe
f H&Hrsm;? a&umwm rsm;? ta&;ay:oJtdrfrsm;)
qnfae&mrsm;teD;wGifaexdi
k fonhfjynfor
l sm;onfqnfrsm;\ab;uif;
vHjk cHKa&;udk¤if;?{&d,mtwGif;rd;k onf;xefpGm&GmoGef;íqnfNydKvJ^ysufpD;rIrsm;ESihf
ywfoufívnf;aumif;ylyefrIrsm;½SMd uygonf/ txl;ojzihf rvJewfawmifESihf
qGma&pD;aMumif;atmufydi
k f;{&d,mrsm;wGifjzpfonf/
&moDOwkajymif;vJjcif;ESihy
f wfoufítrsdK;om;qufo,
G fa&;tpD&ifcHpm\avh
vmqef;ppfcsuft&tem*wfwGifjyif;xefonh&
f moDOwktajctaejzpfEi
kd fjcif;
rsdK;udkarQmfrSef;xm;MuaomaMumihq
f nfrsm;NydKvJ^ysufpD;rI?rcefYrSef;Edi
k fonhjf zpf
yGm;rIrsdK;aMumiha
f &pD;aMumif;atmufydi
k f;a'orsm;½St
d usdK;qufrsm;ponfwkdYESihf
ywfoufonhf ylyefrIrsm;udk vdt
k yfonhf tpDtpOf rsm;twGuf xnho
f Gif;
pOf;pm;&ygrnf/
3.6
qnfESiha
f &avSmifuefrsm;tygt0ifrlvqnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;
wnfaqmuf jcif;ESihq
f ufpyfonhf ajr,mtarGtESpfqkdif&m udpö&yfrsm;
pDrHudef;wGifyg0if&eftvm;tvm&So
d nfp
h DrHudef;rS&nf&G,o
f nfhNrdKUe,frsm;
&Sq
d nfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;trsm;pktm;vGefca
Jh om10^20ESpfrsm;uwnfaqmufcJy
h g
onf/pDrHue
d f;jyifqifa&;umvtwGif;vlrIa&;&mtuJjzwfcsuft&tcsdKUaom
udpö&yfrsm;wGifqnfrsm;ESify
h ifrwl;ajrmif;rsm;wnfaqmufcJp
h OfuvHa
k vmuf
aomepfemaMu;rsm;r&&Sb
d Ja&GUajymif;&onfjh ynfor
l sm;&Sy
d gonf/jyifqifa&;
umvtwGif;
aqmif&Guc
f o
Jh nfh SA
tvm;tvm&So
d nf[k
owfrSwo
f nfh
wGif
pDrHue
d f;t&
aiGaMu;yHhy;dk &ef
qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;
(4)ckwi
G fom
aqmif&Guc
f Jjh cif;jzpfojzifjh ynfp
h a
Hk umif;rGefrIr&Sy
d g/xdYk aMumift
h aumiftxnf
azmfa&;umvtwGif;vsmxm;onfp
h DrHue
d f;rsm;tm;vH;k yg0ifonfhjynfp
h Hk
aumif;rGefaom SA qufvufaqmif&Guy
f grnf/
vuf&Sq
d nfrsm;?a&avSmifuefrsm;ESifh qufEG,o
f nfh ajr,mudpörsm;wGif
pDrHudef;
twdi
k f;twm\
jyifywGif&o
Sd nf[k
owfrSwNf yD;
pDrHue
d f;t&
wdu
k f½du
k fajz&Sif;aqmif&Gur
f nfr[kwy
f g/tqdkyg½IyfaxG;onfhajr,mtarGt
ESpfqi
dk f&mudpö&yfrsm;tm;Edi
k fiHtqifhtrsdK;om;ajr,mt&if;tjrpfpDrHcefYcr
GJ I
aumfrwDESifh
vTwa
f wmf
ajr,mqH;k ½IH;rI
pHp
k rf;a&;
aumfr&Siftm;jzifh
ajz&Sif;aqmif&Gua
f eygonf/ urÇmb
h Pftaejzifh Edi
k fiHrdwz
f ufaqmif&Gur
f I
rlabmift& Edi
k fiHtESUH ajrm,mqdi
k f&m avhvmtuJjzwfcsufrsm;tygt0if
ajr,mESifh
ywfoufí
oD;jcm;yHy
h ;dk oGm;ygrnf/
odYk aomf
pDrHue
d f;t&
vsmxm;onfq
h nfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;ESifhwdu
k f½u
dk fqufEG,o
f nfa
h jr,mtarG
tESpfudpö&yfrsm;tm;pDrHudef;wGifyg0ifonf[kowfrSwE
f i
dk fNyD;
SA
ydr
k jdk ynfp
h o
Hk nfh
wpdwfwydi
k f;tjzpftuJjzwfppfaq;oGm;ygrnf/tqdkygudpö&yftwGuf
SAtaejzifv
h smxm;onfq
h nfajrmif;pDrHudef;rlvwnfaqmufpOfoufa&muf
cH&onfh jynfor
l sm;?¤if;wdYk \wdi
k f;&if;om;rsdK;EG,p
f ktygt0if rnfor
l nf0g
jzpfjcif;?¤if;wdYk \toufarG;0rf;ausmif;qufvufaqmif&GuE
f i
dk f&efrnfonfh
epfemaMu;ESift
h ultnDrsm;vufcH&&Sa
d Mumif;ESi¤
fh if;wdkY\vuf&St
d oufarG;
0rf;ausmif; tajctae tuJjzwfjcif;rsm;udk aqmif&Guy
f grnf/ tu,fí
odomonfr
h ajz&Sif;&ao;aomudpö&yfrsm;?pDrHue
d f;OD;wnfcsuftwdi
k f;twm
twGif;
ajz&Sif;&efvkdtyfonfh
tjiif;yGm;rI
udpö&yfrsm;
ponfwkdYonf
pDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfjcif;vkyfief;rsm;tm; aESmifa
h ES;apEdi
k fygonf/ SA
\ ueOD;awGY&Sc
d sufrsm;udk ajr,mudpö&yfrsm; r&Sjd cif; (odYk ) enf;yg;onfh
vsmxm;aompDrHue
d f;rsm;\ae&ma&G;cs,fjcif;twGuftcsuftvufrsm;tjzpf
toH;k jyKygrnf/
xda&mufpGm
(¤if;wdYk
ajz&Sif;Edi
k frnf)
tpDtpOfrsm;twGuf
xdYk tjyif
taejzifh
pDrHue
d f;\
pDrHue
d f;wGif
ajr,mjyóemrsm;udk
qufEG,y
f gu LAPP
csrSwa
f qmif&GufrnfjzpfNyD;
udv
k nf;
urÇmb
h Pf\
twdi
k f;twmt&
yg0if&ef
udu
k fno
D nfh
jzifh
ajz&Sif;ygrnf/
LAPP
taumiftxnfazmfpOftwGif;
rl0g'
OD;wnfcsufrsm;ESit
fh nD
xdcdu
k frI&So
d nfjh ynfor
l sm;\toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rsm;jyefvnfxe
d f;odrf;
xm;Edi
k f&ef tpDtpOf rsm;vnf; yg0ifygonf/
tpDtpOft& toH;k jyKonfh third party 0efaqmifrItzGYJ tpnf;rsm;onf
ajr,m
tarGtESpfjyóemrsm;
tuJjzwfjcif;twGuf
tqifajy
acsmarGY
ap&ef aqmif&Gu&
f rnf/ pDrHue
d f;taumiftxnfazmfa&; yHy
h ;dk rIrsm;rSwqifh
urÇmb
h Pf\vkyfief;tzGYJ onf SA
oH;k oyfcsufESifh
wnfae&mtvdu
k f
\
TOR
rsm;?
ESMP?
SA
LAAP
tpD&if
cHpm
ESi^
fh odYk
IPP
toH;k jyKjcif;rsm;ponfwkdYESiy
fh wfoufívrf;nTefcsufrsm;jznfq
h nf;ay;yg
rnf/
4/
pDru
H def;\obm0ywf0ef;usifEi
S hf
vlrIa&;&mudpö&yfrsm;tm;
ajz½Si;f &efvkyfxH;k vkyfenf;rsm;
4.1 vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;
a,bl,stm;jzihf
ADSP
pDrHue
d f;ESiy
hf wfoufí
EA
ud&d,mrsm; csrSwf
&eftwGufvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;wGif atmufygt,ltqrsm;tusHK;0ifapygrnf/
(1)
obm0ywf0ef;usifESihv
f lrIa&;&mOD;wnfcsufrsm;tm;vufawGU
aqmif&GuE
f di
k frIavhvmjcif;vkyfief;pOfoYkd aqmif&Gujf cif;-tqdy
k gavhvmrI
rsm;onfobm0ywf0ef;usifESihv
f lrIa&;&mOD;wnfcsufrsm;tm;tpDtpOf
a&;qGa
J &;vkyfief;pOf\wpdww
f ydi
k f;tjzpfaygif;pyfEi
dk f&eftcGit
hf vrf;rsm;
jznhq
f nf;ay;ygonf/tqdy
k gobm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mOD;wnf
csufrsm;tm;avhvmrIrsm;wGifaygif;pyf&ef
TOR
ESihf ywfoufí vkyfief;
twki
d f;twmtwGif;tpDtpOfrsm;ESir
hf l0g'a&;qGjJ cif;rsm;yg0ifoihy
f gonf/
(2)
Stake holder
rsm;yg0ifaqmif&Gujf cif;ESihf
tvufxw
k fjyefjcif;rsm;rSwqihf
avhvmaqmif&Gur
f Itrsm;pkonf
jr§ihw
f ifEdi
k faomaMumihf
trsm;jynfol
owif;
tcsuf
yGiv
fh if;jrifomrIjr§iw
hf ifjcif;
-
aumif;rGefaomtpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;udk
us,fjyefYonfh
stakeholder
yg0ifaqmif&Gur
f Irsm;
jr§ihw
f ifay;Edi
k f&ef aumif;rGef aomtcGit
fh vrf;rsm;jzpfapygonf/
(3)
tjcm;enf;vrf;rsm;qdi
k f&m prf;oyfavhvmjcif;tm; jr§iw
hf ifjcif;
(4)
obm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mpGrf;&nfwnfaqmufjcif;ESihft
zGUJ tpnf;qdkif&m cdi
k frmtm;aumif;rIukd jr§iw
hf ifjcif;
pDrHudef;taejzihv
f kyfief;aqmif&Gur
f Irsm;wGifobm0ywf0ef;usifESihv
f lrI
a&;&mudpö&yfrsm;tm;aygif;pyfaqmif&GufEi
dk f&ef
counterpart
pGrf;&nfwnf
aqmufjcif;twGut
f cGiht
f vrf;rsm;jznhq
f nf;oGm;ygrnf/vkyfief;pGrf;&nfwnf
aqmufjcif;twGuy
f Hy
h d;k rIrsm;wGifoifwef;rsm;?avhvmppfaq;jcif;ESihftpD&ifcH
jcif;rsm; yg0ifygonf/
4.2 tajccHenf;vrf;
oGifjyifvu©Pm&yfrsm;tay:rlwnfíADSPpDrHue
d f;&if;ES;D jr§KyfEr
SH Iwpfckcsif;pDwGif
vlrIa&;ESiho
f bm0ywf0ef;usifa&;&moufa&mufEi
dk frItvm;tvmrsm;tuJjzwf
jcif;ESiu
hf rÇmb
h PftzGUJ \owfrSwc
f sufrsm;?jrefrmEdi
k fiHOya'owfrSwc
f sufrsm;ESihf
udkun
f Donho
f bm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&mtao;pdwftuJjzwfcsuf(EA)?ab;uif;
vHjk cHKa&;ud&d,mrsm;ponfwkdYyg0ifygonf/urÇmb
h PftaejzihfTORrsm;tygt
0iftaumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif;ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ud&d,mrsm;tm;vH;k ESihf
ywfoufí ½Sif;vif;oH;k oyfjcif;rsm;aqmif&Guy
f grnf/
pDrHudef;onfobm0ywf0ef;usifESiv
hf lrIa&;&mudpö&yfrsm;tm;ajz½Sif;&ef
atmufygtqdjk yKenf;vrf;rsm;ESihfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ud&d,mrsm;yg0iftoH;k jyKyg
onf/

pDrHue
d f;twnfjyKcsufESihf
ADSP
oH;k oyfcsufrsm;rwdi
k frD
þ
ESMF
udjk yifqifaqmif&GuNf yD; pDrHue
d f;\ obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf vlrIa&;&m
a,bl,saqmif&Guc
f sufrsm;udk today;wifjyygrnf/
 vufawGUaqmif&GuE
f di
k frIavhvmjcif;ESihfpDrHudef;vkyfief;cGr
J sm;tMum;jyef
vSefaqmif&Gur
f Ienf;vrf;rsm; udk taumiftxnfazmfygrnf/
 a&G;cs,fxm;onhp
f DrHue
d f;vkyfief;cGr
J sm;tm;ueOD;avhvmpDppfjcif;tae
jzihf
FS
\
\
TOR
TOR
wGifyg0ifrnhf udpö&yfrsm;udk a&G;cs,fowfrSwy
f grnf/ FS
wGifa&½Snfoufa&mufrIrsm;tygt0if obm0 ywf0ef;usifESihf
vlrIa&;&mab;uif;vHkjcHKrIrsm;twGuf
jznhfqnf;rIrsm;yg0ifrnfjzpfNyD;
obm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&moufa&mufEi
dk frIrsm;tm;
FS
yHp
k Hrsm;jyifqif&m
wGif xnho
f Gif;pOf;pm;aqmif&Guo
f Gm; ygrnf/

FSaqmif&Gup
f OfESihfNyD;pD;onha
f emufydi
k f;wGif
tqdjk yKpDrHue
d f;vkyfief;cGr
J sm;
pDppfjcif;udkxyfaqmif;aqmif&Gur
f nfjzpfNyD;(1)pDrHue
d f;vkyfief;cGr
J sm;tae
jziho
f bm0ywf0ef;usifqi
dk f&mvkyfxkH;vkyfenf;pnf;urf;rsm;toH;k jyKpDrH
cefYcGjJ cif;½Sr
d ½Sd?
 ae&mtvdu
k fobm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mpDrHcefYcr
GJ Ipnf;rsOf;rsm;?
ajr,modrf;qnf;rIvy
k fief;tpDtpOf?a'ocHwkdif;&if;om;jynfor
l sm;tpD
tpOfponfwkdYtwGufxyfaqmif;ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ud&d,mrsm;vdt
k yfjcif;
½Sdr½Sd qHkjzwfaqmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/
 vdt
k yfonhx
f yfaqmif;ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm;twGuf
FS
udk
aqmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/
 vufawGYaqmif&Gur
f Iavhvmcsufrsm;taejzifhxyfaqmif;ab;uif;vHNk cHK
a&; tpDtpOfrsm;vdt
k yfovdk aqmif&Guy
f grnf/ txl;ojzifh pDrHue
d f;
wpfckpDtwGuf
FS
\ wpdww
f ydi
k f;tjzpf PMU rsm;rS a&G;cs,fonfh
ynm&Sifrsm;jzifh SA udk aqmif&Gur
f nfjzpf onf/ ¤if;wGif vGwv
f yf
íBudKwiftoday;rI&So
d nft
h BuHjyKaqG;aEG;yGr
J sm;udkoufa&mufrI
cH&onfh
jynfor
l sm;?pDrHue
d f;tusdK;cHpm;&olrsm;jzifa
h qmif&Gujf cif;rsm;yg0ifygonf
/ SAtaejzifp
h pfaq;pDppfonfhvy
k fief;pOfrsm;twGuf tcsuftvufrsm;
yHy
h ;dk rnfjzpfNyD; LAPP ESifh IPP rsm;\ vdt
k yfcsufESifh twdi
k f;twmudk
cGjJ cm;owfrSwy
f grnf/
(yl;wGJ-3wGif
Munf&
h ef?
a&GUajymif;ae&mcsxm;jcif;rl0g'rlabmif?
ajr,modrf;,ljcif;ESifh
yl;wG(J 4)a'ocHwdkif;&if;om;
tpDtpOfrlabmif)
 obm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&moufa&mufrItuJjzwfcsufrsm;
(ESIA)
ESih^
f okdYr[kwo
f bm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mpDrHcefYcr
GJ ItpDtpOfrsm;
(ESMP)?
tjcm;vdt
k yfonha
f b;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ud&d,m
rsm;
(Oyrm
–
obm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&mppfaq;pm&if;?obm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&m
vkyfief;pnf;rsOf;rsm;?ajr,modrf;,ljcif;vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;?a'ocHwdi
k f;
&if;om;jynfot
l pDtpOfrsm;?aygif;pyfy;dk rTm;pDrHcefYcr
GJ ItpDtpOf)rsm;tm;
&if;ES;D jr§KyfESr
H Itm;vHk;twGufþ
ygvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;csrSwfNyD;
ESMF
aemufydi
k f;pDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif;&½Sdvmonhfenf;ynm
qdi
k f&mtao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm; ESihf
FS
aqmif&GuNf yD; pD; NyD;aemuf
jyifqifaqmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/
 aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;ESiq
hf ufpyfonhf oufa&mufrIrsm;tm;vH;k tm;
pDrHcefYcG&
J eftajccHu&
d d,mrSmobm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&mvkyfief;pnf;rsOf;
owfrSwc
f sufrsm;(ECOP)jzpfonf/xyfaqmif;ud&d,mrsm;vdt
k yfjcif;½Sr
d ½Sd
ESiy
fh wfoufípDrHue
d f;qdi
k f&mxyfaqmifpDppfjcif;rsm;jzihfqH;k jzwfaqmif&Guf
oGm;ygrnf/
yHk (2)
obm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&m/vlrIa&;&mESihf
ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;
pDrHcefYcGr
J Iu&
d d,mrsm;qdi
k f&m tqdjk yKvkyfief;pOf tESpfcsKyfyHkpH
4U1
ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;tao;pdwfvkyfief;pOf
tqihf (1) – tao;pdwfavhvmpDppfjcif;
pDrHudef;ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;pDrHcefYcr
GJ Iu&
d d,mrsm;twGut
f a&;tBuD;qH;k t
qihr
f SmavhvmpDppfjcif;jzpfygonf/pDrHue
d f;tpdwt
f ydi
k f;rsm;ESihfae&mobm0rsm;
qdi
k f&mtuJjzwfcsufrsm;ay:wGifrlwnfíavhvmpDppfjcif;uda
k qmif&Guy
f grnf/
ueOD;avhvmpDppfrIrsm;jzihf
FS
wGifajz½Sif;aqmif&Guf&rnhjf zpfay:Edi
k faom
ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;udpö&yfrsm;tm;cGjJ cm;owfrSwy
f grnf/
pDrHudef;vkyfief;cGr
J sm;owfrSwNf yD;onfESiw
hf NydKifeuf¤if;wdkY\oGifjyifvu©Pm
rsm;tao;pdwfo½
d dSNyD;ygutao;pdwa
f vhvmpDppfjcif;rsm;uda
k qmif&Guy
f grnf/pD
rHue
d f;vkyfief;
cGr
J sm;pDppfjcif;tm;
PMU
rS
wm0ef,l
aqmif&Guf
&rnf
jzpfNyD;txufwi
G ftqdjk yKxm;onht
f wkdif; jyefve
S fvy
k fief; pOfjzpfygonf/
tqihf (2) TOR rsm;jyifqifaqmif&Gujf cif;
ueOD;pDppfjcif;tay:tajccHíobm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mab;uif;
vHjk cHKrI
TOR
rsm;udjk yifqifí vufawGUaqmif&GuE
f i
dk frIavhvmcsuftwGuf
TOR
wGifxnfo
h Gif;aqmif&Guy
f grnf/
a&G;cs,fowfrSwfxm;onhfpDrHue
d f;vkyfief;cGr
J sm;\tao;pdwp
f dppfjcif;
rsm;jzihf
vdt
k yfonhfab;uif;
vHjk cHKa&;ud&d,mrsm;twGuf
TOR
&½Sdygrnf/
ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;ud&d,mrsm;wGif –
 jynhp
f Ho
k nfo
h bm0ywf0ef;usifoufa&mufrItuJjzwfcsuf
 obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf vlrIa&;&mpDrHcefYcr
GJ ItpDtpOfrsm;
 obm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&m vkyfief;owfrSwc
f sufrsm;
 ajr,modrf;,ljcif;vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;
 a'ocHwkdif;&if;om;jynfor
l sm;tpDtpOf
 ½kyfydi
k f;qdkif&m,Ofaus;rIt&if;tjrpfrsm; tpDtpOf
ponfwkdYyg0ifygonf/
ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;ud&d,mrsm;twGuf
TOR
rsm;udo
k D;jcm;vGwv
f yf
pGm
aqmif&Gujf cif; (okYd ) vufawGU aqmif&GufEi
dk frIavhvmcsufESihf ^ okYd r[kwf
yHp
k Hrsm;twGuf
a,bl,s
TOR
rsm;wGif
xnho
f Gif;aqmif&Gujf cif;
ponfh
enf;vrf;rsm;jzihf aqmif&Guy
f grnf/
tqihf (3) – wnfae&moabmobm0
vdt
k yfonha
f b;uif;vHkjcHKa&;qdi
k f&menf;vrf;rsm;udk
jzpfay:Eki
d fonhf
obm0ywf0ef;usifESihv
f lrIa&;&moufa&mufrIrsm;jzihftusdK;nDpGmaqmif&Gufyg
rnf/
pDrHue
d f;ESihfpDrHue
d f;wnfae&mrsm;pDppfavhvmjcif;jzihf
wnfae&mrsm;\
oabmobm0udq
k Hk;jzwfEdi
k fygrnf/atmufygZ,m;udkjzpfay:Edi
k fonfu
h dpörsm;
tm; cGjJ cm; owfrSwE
f di
k fonf/
Z,m; (2) wnfae&moabmobm0ESihf ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;rl0g'rsm;
SITE SENSITIVITY
Safeguard Policy
or Site
Characteristic
Natural Habitats
Low Sensitivity
Medium Sensitivity
No
natural
habitats
present of any kind
(OP 4.04)
No critical natural habitats;
other natural habitats occur
High Sensitivity
Critical natural habitats present
Project site has tenant
renters. Yet to be acquired.
Project site will entail
resettlement of vulnerable
(OP 4.12)
No new sites are required.
Project site is already
acquired and is free of
squatter; legal tenure is
well- defined.
Indigenous Peoples
No indigenous population
Dispersed
and
mixed
indigenous
populations;
mainstream
(highly
acculturated)
indigenous
populations
Indigenous territories and
reserves;
vulnerable
indigenous populations
Natural
hazards Flat terrain; no potential
vulnerability; floods, stability/erosion problems;
known
soil stability/erosion no
volcanic/seismic/flood
risks
Medium
slopes;
some
erosion potential. Medium
risksto
Mountainous terrain; steep
slopes; unstable soils; high
erosion potential; volcanic,
seismic or flood risks
Resettlement
(OP 4.10)
volcanic/seismic/flood/
hurricanes
Physical
Cultural
Resources (OP 4.11)
No known or suspected
cultural heritage sites
Suspected cultural heritage
sites; known heritage sites
in broader area of influence
Known heritage
project area
sites
in
tqihf (4) pDrHue
d f;vkyfief;cGiftrsdK;tpm;owfrSwc
f sufrsm;
urÇmb
h Pfrl0g'rsm;t& pDrHue
d f;tm; tkyfpk (u) (okYd ) (c)tjzpf
owfrSwE
f di
k fygonf/
tqky
d gpDrHudef;
tkyfpkc&
GJ mwGif
pDrHudef;tydi
k f;rsm;ESihf
wnfae&mrsm;\oabmobm0tay:tajccHíqH;k jzwfjcif;jzpfygonf/
þrlabmifjyifqifa&;tqihw
f Gif
aqmif&GufonhftuJjzwfcsuftay:tajccHí
pDrHudef;taejziht
f kyfpk(u)trsdK;tpm;&if;ES;D jr§KyfEr
SH Itm;aiGaMu;yHhy;dk rnfr[kwy
f g
/pDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfpOftawmtwGif;pDrHue
d f;vkyfief;pOfrsm; taejzifh
trsdK;tpm; A tqifw
h Gif pDrHue
d f;vkyfief;cJr
G sm;&SNd yD; vTrf;NcHKpDrHue
d f;taejzifh
trsdK;tpm; pDrHue
d f; A jzpfrnft
h jyiftqdy
k gawGY&c
Sd sufrsm;tm; xif[yfap&ef
jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;rsm;vdt
k yfygrnf[k aumufcsufcsEdi
k fygonf/
Type of Project
Rehabilitation of existing
main conveyance, flow
control
and
sediment
management systems and
de-siltation of irrigation
and drainage systems, and
necessary dam safety
remedial works.
Development of on-farm
water
management
infrastructure and pilot
land improvement in 2-3
selected systems; and
Site Sensitivity
Medium Sensitivity
B
High Sensitivity
A
B
Low Sensitivity
B
B
B
tqih(f 5) vdt
k yfonhfobm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;vkyf
ief;rsm;twGuf owfrSwf csufrsm;
pDrHudef;trsdK;tpm;ESihf
tao;pdwa
f vhvmpDppfjcif;avhusihfcef;rsm;tay:
tajccHívdt
k yfonhfobm0ywf0ef;usifESihv
f lrIa&;&mvkyfief;rsm;xJrSjyifqif
&efvkdtyfonfhvy
k fief;rsm;udk
udu
k fnp
D Gmjzihf
tkyfpk
qH;k jzwfowfrSw&
f ygrnf/
(u)ESihf
OP
4.12
ESihf
(c)trsdK;tpm;pDrHue
d f;vkyfief;cGr
J sm;twGuf
vdt
k yfonha
f b;uif;vHkjcHKa&;pm&Gup
f mwrf;rsm;pm&if;uda
k tmufwi
G fazmfjyxm;
ygonf/
Z,m;(3)pDrHudef;vkyfief;cGr
J sm;\vdt
k yfaomab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;qdkif&mpm&Gup
f m
wrf;vkyfief;rsm;\ owfrSwfcsufrsm;ESihf &if;ES;D jr§KyfEr
SH ItrsdK;tpm;cGjJ cm;jcif;/
Type of Project
Category B1
Required Safeguard Instruments
Use site screening criteria to prepare specific assessments and prepare ECOPs for
construction;
Prepare EIAs and/or EMPs where applicable including measures for natural
habitats and physical cultural resources;
Confirm the need for land acquisition and/or resettlement;
If projects are to be built in areas with indigenous peoples social assessmentpart
of the EIA will ensure compliance with OP 4.10and consultation process and
prepare an IPP.
Develop LAAP if involuntary land acquisition occurs;
IPMP
O&M Plan and EPP in the case of large dams
4Y 4 ESMF wGifyg0ifonhu
f d&d,mrsm;
þESMF wGif atmufygwdYk yg0ifygonf –
 tuJjzwfppfaq;onh&
f if;ES;D jr§KyfEr
SH Irsm;wckpDtwGuftao;pdwa
f vhvmpDp
pfa&;pHowfrSwc
f sufrsm; (ppfaq;pm&if;rsm;udk yl;wG(J 1)wGifMunh&
f ef)
aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;twGufwnfae&mpDppfavhvmjcif;pHowf
rSwc
f sufrsm;ESihf
tuJjzwfcsufrsm;ESihf
rsm;udt
k oH;k jyKí
checklists
ESMP
xlaxmifrnhw
f l;ajrmif;ESihf
tao;pdwf
rsm;udjk yifqif&ef (Oyrm – jyefvnf
a&EIwa
f jrmif;pepfrsm;twGuf
Checklist
ESihp
f du
k fysdK;wdk;csJUjcif;ESihf rsdK;aphokdavSmifjcif;qdkif&myHy
h dk;rIt*Fg&yfrsm;
wnfaqmufjcif;twGuf
checklists
rsm;udk yl;wGJ pmrsuf ESm rsm;
wGifMunh&
f ef)
ajr,modrf;,ljcif;ESih^
f (okYd )
jyefvnfae&mcsxm;jcif;rsm;twGuf
vdt
k yfcsufrsm;udk twnf jyKjcif;
tu,fípDrHue
d f;vkyfief;rsm;taejzifw
h di
k f;&if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;½Sd
onha
f e&mrsm;wGifwnfaqmuf&ef½y
Sd guvlrIa&;&mtuJjzwfppf
aq;jcif;?tMuHjyKaqG;aEG;jcif;vkyfief;pOfrsm;ESia
hf 'ocHwdi
k f;&if;om;
jynfor
l sm;tpDtpOfjyifqifjcif;ponfwkdYtm; aqmif&Gujf cif;/
1
Should a Category A subproject be implemented, a project restructuring will be done prior to approving the said
category A subproject.
(tu,fíaqmif&Gu&
f ef½y
Sd gu)½kyfyi
dk f;qdkif&m,Ofaus;rIt&if;tjrpf
rsm;tpDtpOf?wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;\obm0ywf0ef;usifqdk
if&mpDrHcefYcGr
J Iwi
G ftcGit
hf vrf;rsm;½SmazGjcif;qdkif&mvkyfxkH;vkyfenf;
rsm; xnho
f Gif;jcif;/
 aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;ESiq
hf ufpyfonhftusdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;pDrHcefY
cGjJ cif;twGuo
f bm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&mvkyfief;owfrSwc
f sufpnf;rsOf;
rsm; (ECoPs) (yl;wGJ 2)
 ajr,modrf;,ljcif;ESihfjyefvnfae&mcsxm;jcif;rsm;twGufjyefvnfae&mcs
xm;jcif;qdkif&m rl0g'rlabmif (yl;wGJ (3))
 wdi
k f;&if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;ESiy
hf wfoufonhfa'ocHwkdif;&if;om;jynfor
l sm
;tpDtpOfa&;qGjJ cif;rlabmif (yl;wGJ (4))
 pDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm;wGif
oufqkdif^udkun
f Donhf
awmifor
l sm;tm;vH;k
yg0ifaqmif&GuE
f di
k fapa&; vrf;ñTefcsufrsm; (yl;wGJ (6))
 yd;k rTm;pDrHcefYcGr
J ItpDtpOftygt0ify;dk rTm;pDrHcefYcr
GJ Irl0g'qdi
k f&mjznhq
f nf;
jcif;rsm;udt
k aumiftxnfazmfjcif;ESihy
f wfoufívrf;ñTefcsufrsm;?
aygif;pyfyd;k rTm;pDrHcefYcGr
J ItpDtpOftm;qnfajrmif;{&d,mrsm;
tm;vH;k wGif
taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guy
f grnf/ (yl;wGJ (6))/
4h.h 5
a&½Snfo,
G f0du
k foufa&mufrIrsm;udk ajz½Sif;aqmif&Gujf cif;
a&½Sno
f ufa&mufrIrsm;uda
k jz½Sif;&eftvdu
k foiha
f jymif;vJaqmif&Gua
f om
pDrHcefYcr
GJ Ienf;vrf;udk tqdjk yK wifjyygonf/ tcsdKUaomoufa&mufrIrsm;udk
avQmhcs&eftqdy
k gonhfa,bl,savQmhcsa&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk atmufygZ,m;wGif
wifjyxm;ygonf/ta&;ygonfhowfrSwc
f sufabmifrsm;uda
k vhvmppfaqjcif;
jziha
f y:aygufvmonht
f a&;udpörsm;tm;aumif;rGefpGmcGjJ cm;owfrSw&
f efESio
hf uf
qdi
k f&mtzGUJ tpnf;rsm;rStxl;tav;xm;aqmif&Gujf cif;aocsmap&efjzpfygonf
/
pDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfpOfumvtwGif;tajccHtaqmufttHq
k di
k f&m
&if;ES;D jr§KyfESr
H Irsm;twGufenf;ynmqdi
k f&mowfrSwc
f sufabmifrsm;ESihfvufawGU
aqmif&GuE
f di
k frIavhvmcsufrsm;jyifqifNyD;onfESiw
fh NydKifeuf wnfae&mtvdu
k f
tao;pdwfoufa&mufrIavQmhcsa&;rsm;udk aqmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/
Z,m;(4) a&½Snfoufa&mufrIrsm; pDrHcefYcr
GJ I
Issue
Proposed Mitigation Measures
Water
contamination
Law enforcement in Catchment area
Agriculture extension for integrated
management
Law enforcement for illegal pesticide
Soil salinity
Canal lining for those canal sections affected by
saline/akali soil and properly maintain
Application of gypsum wherever available &
feasible
Agriculture extension for suitable cropping
pattern and soil fertility management
Proper maintenance after good rehabilitation of
canal and drainage system with people
participation
Proper maintenance
after good canal
rehabilitation with appropriate sedimentation
trap or extractor
Flushing the canal as frequently as possible
Develop and implement participatory operation
and maintenance of canal an drainage system
Effective agriculture extension for integrated
pest management and cropping system
management
Integrate accessibility pattern of local
community into design and construction of canal
rehabilitation
Due diligent to maintain the accessibility
options/route/bridge by both ID and community
Water logging
Sedimentation
Increase of
and Weed
Accessibility
constraint
5/
Pest
pest
Implementation
Schedule
After
catchment
conservation action
plan is developed &
agriculture extension
network & system are
strengthened
Since
project
construction phase
Since
phase
construction
Since
phase
construction
When
agriculture
extension system is in
place
Annually
Source
of
Funding
Agriculture
extension cost
Bill in quantity
for
canal
rehabilitation
Agriculture
extension cost
Annual
maintenance
Annual
maintenance
extension cost
annual
maintenance
trsdK;om;tqihE
f Sihfa'otqiht
f zGUJ tpnf;qdi
k f&mtpDtpOfESihftaumif
txnfazmfaqmif&Gujf cif;ESiha
f vhvmppfaq;jcif;twGufvkyfief;pGrf;&nf
jr§ihw
f if jcif;
ESMPtm;atmufygtzGUJ tpnf;rsm;jzihftaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guy
f g
rnf/(tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;twGuu
f efYowfcsufrsm;ESiv
hf kyfief;pGrf;&nfjr§iw
hf if&efvdk
tyfcsufrsm;udk twdkcsKyfwifjyygrnf/)
qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme
qnfajrmif;OD;pD;XmeonfEi
dk fiHt0Srf;½Sq
d nfajrmif;vkyfief;qdkif&mqnfrsm;
ESip
hf DrHudef;rsm;wnfaqmufjcif;?pDrHcefYcjGJ cif;rsm;twGuw
f m0ef,a
l qmif&Gu&
f yg
onf/qnfajrmif;pepfrsm;\xda&mufaomvkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f IESijhf yKjyifxe
d f;
odrf;jcif;rsm;twGut
f "dutcuftcJrsm;rSmvuf½Sdqnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;½Sdt
uefYtowf½Sa
d ombwf*sufyrmPESihf0efxrf;rvHa
k vmufjcif;ponhfjyóem
rsm;jzpfonf/(vlrIa&;&mtuJjzwftzGUJ \tpD&ifcHpmt&)/
vuf½E
Sd dkifiHa&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm;\A[dx
k def;csKyfrIavQmhcsa&;tpDtpOfwpdwf
wydi
k f;t&qnfa&aomuf{&d,m5000{uxufenf;onhq
f nfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;
rsm;\pDrHcefYcGr
J Iwm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udw
k di
k f;a'oBuD;^jynfe,ftpd;k &rsm;okYd
wm0efvTa
J jymif;ay;tyfcJy
h gonf/okdYaomftqdjk yKpDrHue
d f;\qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;
rsm;onfqnfa&aomuf{&d,m5000{uxufausmfvGefjcif;aMumihftqdjk yKqnf
ajrmif;pDrHudef;wGif oufa&mufrI½r
Sd nfr[kwy
f g/
obm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&m
pDrHcefYcr
GJ IESihf
trsm;yg0ifaqmif&GufEi
dk faom
zGUH NzdK;wdk;wufrItwGuv
f lrIa&;&mpnf;½kH;aqmif&Gur
f Irsm;ESiy
hf wfoufonfhoif
wef;rsm;tm; vkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f IESihf pDrHcefYcr
GJ Itqihr
f sm;½Sd
ID
0efxrf;rsm;\
vkyfief;pGrf;&nfjr§ihw
f if&efvdt
k yfygonf/xdYk jyifxda&mufaomqnfajrmif;pDrHcefY
cGr
J I(qnfrsm;ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;?a&ESir
hf ;dk av0oqdi
k f&mwdi
k f;wmrIESit
hf uJjzwfrI
rsm;)twGuf tcsdKUaomu@rsm;wGif enf;ynmqdi
k f&m uRrf;usifrIrsm;twGuf
oifwef;rsm;vnf; vdt
k yfEdi
k fygonf/
pdu
k fysdK;a&;OD;pD;Xme (DOA)
DOA\t"duwm0efrSmpdu
k fysdK;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrItwGufawmifor
l sm;tm;
pdu
k fysdK;a&;wd;k csJU0efaqmifrIrsm; jznhq
f nf;ay&efjzpfygonf/ a'otqihw
f Gif
¤if;wdkYtaejzihf rsdK;aphOya'?yd;k owfaq;Oya'ESihf"mwfajr MoZmOya'rsm;tm;
av;pm;vdu
k femrI½Sa
d &;ESiha
f wmifor
l sm;okYd yy
Hh ;dk onht
f csufrsm;rSmpnf;rsOf;pnf;
urf;rsm;?Xmeqdi
k f&mñTefMum;csufrsm;ESiu
hf du
k fnr
D I½^
Sd r½Sdppfaq;aqmif&Gujf cif;
rsm;jzpfygonf/ obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m oufa&mufrIrsm;tm; avQmhcs&ef
pdu
k fysdK;a&;wd;k csJUpepfrsm;taejzihf awmifolrsm;tMum; enf;ynmqdi
k f&mysHUESUH rI
rsm;twGux
f da&mufaumif;rGefrI½&
Sd efvkdtyfygonf/vufawGUatmufajctqihf½Sd
pdu
k fysdK;a&;jyóemrsm;uda
k jz½Sif;&efawmifor
l sm;\vdt
k yfcsuftay:pdu
k fysdK;a&;y
nm½Sifrsm;\awG;ac:pOf;pm;xm;onhftajzrsm;xufawmifor
l sm;\OD;pm;ay;
pdu
k fysdK;a&;jyóemrsm;ESihfvdt
k yfcsufrsm;tay:tajccHíawmifor
l sm;udu
k d,
k f
wdi
k faqmif&GuE
f di
k fonhfenf;ynmqef;opfrIrsm;?tvku
d foiha
f jymif;vJaqmif&Guf
rIrsm;?enf;ynmjzefYa0rIrsm;ESihy
f wfoufícsifc
h sdefpOf;pm;rI½a
Sd omtrsm;yg0ifEi
dk f
onhv
f kyfief;pOfrsm;twGufpdu
k fysdK;a&;wd;k csJUvkyfief;rsm;wGifpHerlemtajymif;t
vJrsm;vdt
k yfaeygonf/tcsdKUaomoD;ESr
H sm;twGufawmifow
l OD;rSwOD;okdYw;dk csJU
jcif;vkyfief;rSmtwdi
k f;twmwcktxd
DOA
wGifjy|mef;aqmif&GufNyD;jzpfygonf/
okYd aomfawmifor
l sm;rSOD;aqmifonhfpu
dk fysdK;a&;enf;ynmqef;opfrIrsm;ESihfysHUESHU
rIrsm;tm;t½Se
d fjriha
f qmif&GuE
f di
k f&efci
dk frmonht
f awG;tac:t,ltqqdi
k f&mrl
abmifESiv
hf kyfxkH;vkyfenf;vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;vdt
k yfaeygao;onf/vlom;t&if;
tjrpf?½kyfydi
k f;qdkif&mt&if;tjrpfESihb
f @ma&;qdi
k f&mt&if;tjrpfrsm;r½Sjd cif;onf
tao;pm;awmifor
l sm;&ifqkdifae&onfjh yóemrsm;twGue
f nf;ynmqdkif&majz
½Sif;rIrsm;aqmif&Gu&
f eftrsm;yg0ifEdi
k faomvkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f Iqkdif&mavhvm
qef;ppfrIrsm;twGu&
f if;ES;D jr§KyfE&
SH eft"dutcuftcJrsm;jzpfaeygonf/
NrdKUe,fpu
dk fysdK;a&;nd§Edi
I f;rIaumfrwD
vuf½St
d ajctaewGifwnf½NSd yD;qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;½So
d nhfNrdKUe,fwkdif;
wGif
NrdKUe,fpdu
k fysdK;a&;ndE
§ di
I f;rI
aumfrwD
(TACC)rsm;
zGUJ pnf;xm;ygonf/
TACC\t"du&nf&G,c
f sufrSmoufqkdif&mNrdKUe,frsm;½Sp
d u
dk fysdK;a&;xkwv
f kyfrIrsm;
tm;jr§iw
hf ifEdi
k f&eftpd;k &Xmersm;tMum;ndE
§ i
dI f;aqmif&Gur
f Irsm;jr§iw
hf ifEi
dk f&efjzpf
ygonf/
wGif
TACC
taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;Xme
NrdKUe,ftqiht
f &m½SdrS
Ouú|tjzpfaqmif&Guí
f
tjcm;tzGUJ 0ifrsm;rSm (DOA) NrdKUe,fOD;pD;rSL;?
SLRD, NPD
ESihf
v,f,m
AMD
ajrtqihf
wdYk rS
NrdKUe,fOD;pD;rSL;rsm;yg0ifygonf/
pdu
k fysdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm;tm;
t"duwm0efrSm
BuD;Muyf&efESihf
awmifolrsm;tm;
tkyfcsKyfa&;&mESihf
enf;ynmqdi
k f&mtultnDrsm;
yHy
h ;dk ay;&efwkdYjzpfygonf/
xdYk aMumihf
vkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f Irsm;twGuf
ta&;BuD;onhf
EMP
tqihn
f dE
§ di
I f; aqmif&GufrIrsm;ESiy
hf wfoufí
onhf
ndE
§ di
I f;a&;tzGUJ tpnf;tjzpf
TACC
NrdKUe,f
onf qDavsmf aumif;rGef
od½&
Sd ygonf/
okYd aomf
TACC
taejzihf
trsm;yg0ifaqmif&GuE
f di
k faomtcsuftvufjynhp
f o
kH d½o
Sd nhfqH;k jzwfaqmif&Gur
f I
vkyfief;pOfESihf
obm0ywf0ef;usifpDrHcefYcr
GJ Irsm;wGif
tawGUtMuHKr½Sdao;yg/
trsm;yg0ifaqmif&GuE
f di
k faomzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI?yGiv
fh if;jrifomrI?aumif;rGefaompD
rHcefYcr
GJ ItwGuw
f m0efcHrI?qnfajrmif;vkyfief;rsm;\ydr
k x
dk da&mufaumif;rGefrIESihf
qufpyfonho
f bm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&mpDrHcefYcr
GJ Irsm;ESiy
hf wfoufíod½e
Sd m;vnf
rIrsm;udjk r§ihw
f ifEdi
k f&efXmetrsdK;rsdK;rSt&mxrf;rsm;twGuo
f ifwef;tvkyf½a
Hk qG;
aEG;yGr
J sm;vdt
k yfygrnf/
n§E
d i
dI f;a&;aumfrwDrsm;
ESMPudt
k aumiftxnfazmf&efaumif;rGefaomndE
§ i
dI f;aqmif&GufrIvkdtyfyg
onf/
TACConf
NrdKUe,f
tqihn
f dE
§ i
dI f;a&;tzGUJ tpnf;taejzihf½Sdaomfvnf;
trsdK;om;tqihE
f Sihfjynfe,fwkdif;a'oBuD;tqihfndE
§ i
dI f;aqmif&Gur
f Itm;aumif;
&efvdktyfygonf/trsdK;om;tqihw
f GifpDrHue
d f;enf;AsL[mrsm;? enf;vrf;rsm;ESihf
wd;k wufrIrsm;tm;BuD;Muyfppfaq;&efomruEMPtaumiftxnfazmfjcif;t
wGut
f pd;k &0efBuD;Xmersm;tMum;ndE
§ i
dI f;aqmif&Gur
f Irsm;twGuy
f gpDrHue
d f;OD;
aqmifaumfrwDwpf&yfzGUJ pnf;&ef vdt
k yfygonf/ pdu
k fysdK;a&;ESihf qnfajrmif;
0efBuD;Xmeud,
k fpm;vS,w
f pfOD;rSOD;aqmifukd,p
f m;vS,t
f jzpfaqmif&GuE
f kdi
f fygo
nf/ jynfe,fwkdif;a'oBuD;
Stake holder
rsm;\ od½e
Sd m;vnfrIukdjr§iw
hf ifEi
dk f&ef
pDrHudef;taejzihfoufqdi
k f&mwki
d f;a'oBuD;jynfe,frsm;wGifpDrHudef;tvkyf½a
Hk qG;
aEG;yGr
J sm;aqmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/
a&toH;k jyKolrsm;tzGUJ (WUG)
pdu
k fysdK;a&;t½Sdefjrihfaqmif&Gur
f ItwGufaumif;rGefonhq
f nfajrmif;pepf
rsm;rStusdK;jzpfxe
G f;rnhp
f DrHue
d f;aus;&Gmrsm;rSawmifor
l sm;jziha
f &toH;k jyKolrsm;
tzGUJ zGJUpnf;&efvkdtyfygonf/a,bl,stm;jzihfWUG\t"du&nf&G,fခsufrSmxd
a&mufaumif;rGefaomqnfajrmif;pDrHcefYcr
GJ Ivy
k fief;rsm;pkaygif;vkyftm;jzihf
aqmif&GuE
f di
k f&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;?uRrf;usifrIrsm;?todynmrsm;pkpnf;Eki
d f&ef
jzpfonf/
ESMF taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;
ESMF
aumif;rGefxda&mufpGmtaumiftxnfazmfEi
dk f&ef
qdi
k f&mvkyfief;rsm;ESihf
axmuf^ydYk
tzGUJ tpnf;
qdi
k f&myHy
h d;k rIt*Fg&yfrsm;twGuf
vlom;
t&if;tjrpfu@ enf;ynmqdi
k f&m pGrf;&nfjr§iw
hf ifrIrsm;vdt
k yfygonf/
taumiftxnfazmfjcif;twGuv
f kyfief;pOfESiy
hf wfoufí
rIrsm;
taumiftxnf
azmfaeonhf
stake holders
ADSP
trsdK;rsdK;tm;
aomod½e
Sd m;vnfrIrsm; jznhq
f nf;ay;&ef vdktyfygonf/
ESMF
&if;ES;D jr§KyfESH
vHa
k vmuf
¤if;onfBuD;Muyfppfaq;jcif;?avhvmtuJjzwfjcif;?pDrHue
d f;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf
tpD&ifcHwifjyjcif;rsm;ESihf
ywfoufí
TACC
ESihf
a'otqihf
stake
holders
rsm;tm;¤if;wdkY\tcef;u@rsm;twGufyy
Hh ;dk ay;Edkif&ef tvGefta&;BuD;ygonf/
þ
ESMF
\pGrf;aqmif&nfESiy
hf wfoufí
taumiftxnfazmfjcif;ESihf
avhvmppfaq;jcif;qdkif&mvHa
k vmufaomvkyfief;pGrf;&nf½&
Sd efta&;BuD;ygonf/
okYd jzpfí
\wpdww
f ydi
k f;tjzpfobm0ywf0ef;usifESihf
PMU
ynm½Sifrsm;cefYtyfwm0efay;&efvkdtyfygonf/
tqdy
k g
vlrIa&;&m
ynm½Sifrsm;taejzihf
tao;pdwfvy
k fief; rsm; aqmif&Gu&
f ef½y
Sd gonf/
(1)
taumiftxnfazmfa&;tzGUJ rsm;ESiy
hf l;wGJí ESpfpOfvy
k fief;tpDtpOfrsm;ESihf
ESihq
f ufEG,o
f nhf bwf*sufrsm;jyifqifjcif;
EMP
(2)
ESMFygvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;ESiu
hf du
k fnp
D GmpDrHudef;wd;k wufrItajctae
rsm;tm;avhvmppfaq;jcif;?taumiftxnfazmfa&;qdkif&mtMuyftwnf;
rsm;tm;ajr½Sifaqmif&Gufjcif;ESip
hf DrHue
d f;vkyfief;rsm;acsmarGUpGmtaumif
txnfazmfEdi
k f&ef pDpOfyy
Hh ;dk ay;jcif;
(3)
pDrHudef;?
aiGpm&if;ESihy
f wfoufonhf
owif;tcsufrsm;pkaqmif;jcif;ESihf
pDrHcefYcGjJ cif; (obm0 ywf0ef;usifESihf vlrIa&;&mavhvmppfaq;jcif;ESihf
pm&if;ppfaq;jcif;tpD&ifcHpmrsm;)
(4)
obm0ywf0ef;usifavhvmppfaq;jcif;ESihfpDrHcefYcjGJ cif;rsm;twGuf
oifwef;tpDtpOf? yg0ifrn္ Modules rsm;ESihf oifwef;rsm;pnf;½H;k usif;y?
jznfq
h nf;ay;jcif;/tvm;wlyif NrdKUe,fBuD;Muyfa&;0efxrf; rsm;twGuf
ajr,modrf;,ljcif;^qE´tavsmufr[kwa
f oma&TUajymif;&jcif;rsm;ESiy
hf wf
oufíoifwef;rsm;vdt
k yfovdk
awmifou
l d,
k fpm;vS,frsm;twGuv
f nf;
ESMFwGifowfrSwx
f m;onhp
f nf;rsOf;rsm;?vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;ESiy
hf wfouf
í tuRrf;w0if od½Se
d m;vnfap&ef oifwef;rsm;vdt
k yfygonf/
pDrHudef;vkyfief;cGJ ESIA rsm;wGif pDrHue
d f;taumiftxnfazmfpOftwGif;
PMU rS
toH;k jyK
onfh
Edi
k fiHwumESi^
fh
odYk
Edi
k fiHtqifh
ynm&Sifrsm;jzifh
vufawGYaqmif&u
G frI avhvmcsuftqifh ESMP jyifqifjcif; (odYk ) tao;
pdwy
f p
Hk Hrsm;
yg0ifygrnf/
pDrHue
d f;vkyfief;cGJ
ESMP
wGif
rD;armif;
xd;k jyxm;onfh tao;pdwfavsmhenf;a&; tpDtpOfrsm;rS contractor
rsm;rS
(odYk r[kwf
jzpfEdi
k fygu
awmifor
l sm;)
vkyfief;pOftawmtwGif;
taumiftxnfazmfrnfjzpfí EMP owfrSwc
f sufrsm; BuD;Muyf aqmif&Guf
jcif;udk
PMU
wpdww
f a'otjzpf
obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh
vlrIa&;&m
ynm&Sifrsm;\ tultnDjzifh PMU rS aqmif&Guy
f grnf/
vkyfief;pGrf;&nfjr§ihfwifjcif;ESihf oifwef;tpDtpOf
taumiftxnfazmfa&;tzGUJ rsm;onfurÇmb
h Pfab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;rl0g'
rsm;ESiy
hf wfoufítawGUtMuHKenf;yg;MuNyD;¤if;tcsufrsm;tm;taumiftxnf
azmfjcif;ESiha
f vhvmppfaq;jcif;rsm;ESiy
hf wfoufívnf;vkyfief;pGrf;&nfjr§iw
hf if
&efvkdtyfaeygonf/obm0ywf0ef;usifESiv
hf lrIa&;&mynm½Sifrsm;(trsdK;om;t
qiha
f &G;cs,fEdi
k fygu)taejzihv
f nf;urÇmb
h PfrStoH;k jyKonhfobm0ywf0ef;
usifqi
dk f&mtuJjzwfppfaq;jcif;rl0g'ydi
k f;ESiy
hf wfoufítao;pdwfoifwef;rsm;
vdt
k yfEi
dk fygonf/urÇmb
h Pftaejziht
f qdy
k gobm0ywf0ef;usifESiv
hf lrIa&;&my
nm½Sifrsm;twGuq
f DavQmfonhjf yifyoifwef;tpDtrHrsm;udka&G;cs,fowfrSw&
f m
wGifvnf; yHy
h d;k ulnD ygonf/
ESMFtaumiftxnfazmfjcif;twGufoifwef;tvkyf½a
Hk qG;aEG;yJr
G sm;tpOf
rsm;tm;pDrHue
d f;pwifjcif;qdkif&mtvkyf½a
Hk qG;aEG;yGr
J sm;\ wpdww
f ydi
k f;taejzihf
ueOD;taumiftxnfazmfa&;umvrsm;twGif;aqmif&GufomG ;ygrnf/
¤if;oifwef;rsm;wGif
ADSP
vkyfief;rsm;\obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf
½Iaxmih^
f u@rsm;tm;pDrHcefYcG?J
ppfaq;jcif;udk
vlrIa&;&m
t"duynm½Sifrsm;rS
aumif;
pGmaqmif&GuE
f di
k fap&efaocsmjznhq
f nf;ay;&ygrnf/jrefrmEdi
k fiHtwGufobm0
ywf0ef;usifqkdif&m
pDrHcefYcGr
J Ivkdtyfcsufrsm;
(urÇmb
h PfESihf
IFC
wdYk \
ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;rl0g'rsm;ESiho
f wfrSwc
f sufrsm;ESiy
hf wfoufíaumif;rGefpGmod½Sd
em;vnfrItygt0if)ESihy
f wfoufíaumif;pGmod½dSem;vnfonhfjyifyynm½Sifrsm;
jzihf
tvkyf½Ha
k qG;aEG;yGr
J sm;usif;yoify
h gonf/(Oyrm
–
OHS
owfrSwf
csufrsm;)þoifwef;rsm;twGuv
f Ha
k vmufonhb
f wf*sufyrmPtm;pDrHue
d f;b
@ma&;&mrsm;wGif xnho
f Gif;yg0ifap&ygrnf/
xdYk jyifþpDrHue
d f;rSpDrHue
d f;yxrESpf taumiftxnfazmfpOfumvtwGif;
enf;ynmqdi
k f&mtultnD
rsm;jzihf
PMU
tm;yHy
h ;dk ulny
D grnf/
tqdy
k g
tultnDtaejziho
f bm0ywf0ef;usifESiv
hf lrIa&;&m0efxrf;rsm;twGufvuf
qihu
f rf;oifwef;rsm;jznhq
f nf;ay;rnfjzpfNyD;avhvmpDppfjcif;vkyfief;pOf?
yHp
k Hrsm;ESihy
f wfoufí
tMuHjyKcsufrsm;aqmif&Gujf cif;?
ud&d,mrsm;wd;k wufaumif;rGefapjcif;?
TOR
ECOPs
uJo
h kYd aom
rsm; jyifqifjcif; ESihf tpD&ifcHpm
rsm;tm;oH;k oyfjcif;rsm;tm;ulnDay;jcif;ponfvkyfief;rsm;twGufyy
Hh ;dk aqmif
&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/
yxrESpftwGuf
Edi
k fiHwumynm½Sif(3)OD;
(3
man-
months)cefYrSef;xm;NyD;tqdy
k gumvtwGif;Edi
k fiHodkY(3)Budrfvma&mufaqG;aEG;jcif;
yHp
k HtajccHjzihf aqmif&Gufygrnf/
a,bl,syd;k rTm;rsm;
rSefuefpGm
owfrSwc
f jGJ cm;jcif;?
yd;k owfaq;rsm;
a&G;cs,ftoH;k jyKjcif;ESifh ab;uif;vHkNcHKrIqkdif&m od&e
Sd m;vnfrIrsm;jr§iw
fh ifjcif;?
toH;k jyKolrsm;\ab;uif;vHNk cHKrIESit
fh a<u;usefrsm;twGufpHowfrSwc
f sufrsm;?
tjcm;enf;vrf;rsm;
em;vnfo&
d jSd cif;
(yd;k owfaq;
toH;k jyKrI)ESifh
¤if;wdYk
tm;tuJjzwf^toHk;jyKenf;vrf;rsm;ponfwkdYtwGufawmifor
l sm;\vkyfief;
pGrf;&nfci
dk frmtm;aumif;ap&eftaumiftxnfaz:pOftawmtwGif;a'ocHwkd;
csJUtvkyform;rsm;ESifa
h wmifolrsm;twGu&
f moDtBudKoifwef;rsm;udk pDrHudef;rS
zGYJ pnf; aiGaMu; axmufyHy
h grnf/
taumiftxnfazmfjcif;twGub
f wf*suf
pDrHudef;&if;ES;D jr§KyfESHrIrsm;ESiy
hf wfoufíenf;ynmqdi
k f&mtao;pdwftcsuf
tvufrsm; tNyD;owf aqmif&GuNf yD;pD;jcif;r½Sa
d o;aomaMumihf
ESMF
½Sd&rnhf
twGuf
ESMPs
avhvmppfaq;a&;owfrSwc
f sufrsm;enf;wl
rsm;tm;
owfrSwx
f m;ygonf/
ajz½Sif;aqmif&Gu&
f ef
¤if;onf
update
rsm;ESihf
jyifqif
xm;
cefYrSef;yrmPw&yfukdom
cefYrSef;yrmPomjzpfí
12)pDrHue
d f;taumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif;
rsm;tNyD;owfNyD;pD;onfESihw
f NydKifeuf
EIAS
pDrHue
d f;&if;ES;D jr§KyfEr
SH Iyp
Hk H
(Z,m;
^
aqmif&Gu&
f ef vdt
k yfygon
FS
ESMF taumiftxnfazmfjcif;twGuf
tqdkjyKbwf*suf
Activity
Dam safety monitoring implementation2
Preparation of EIA/ESMP at FS/design stage
Budget for implementation of each ESMP, monitoring and
reporting
Training on IPM implementation
Other related workshops (soil conservation; nutrient mgmt.)
1-day training for highlighting potential environmental impacts
and mitigation measures (project launching workshop)
Environmental and social safeguard specialists (2 salary expert in
PMU)
Technical assistance (3 man-months international consultant)
Budget
$20,000/year/dam
$100,000/scheme
$25,000/year
$10,000/year/scheme
$150,000
$4,000/training
$84,000/year
$60,000 for first year.
(6) obm0ywf0ef;usifavhvmppfaq;a&;
obm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&moufa&mufrItuJjzwfcsufrsm;t&
owfrSwf
xm;onhq
f d;k usdK;oufa&mufrIt"dutñTef;udef;rsm;ESiy
hf wfoufíavhvmppf
aq;a&;tpDpOfrSt"dutav;xm;aqmif&Gur
f nfjzpfNyD;txl;ojziha
f jrjyifa&xk
t&nftaoG;ESihfa&BuD;a&vQHjyóemtEÅ&m,fowday;Ed;I aqmfonhy
f rmP^t
qihe
f nf;vrf;rsm;?a&Ekwa
f jrmif;pepfa&qd;k ta&taoG;oufa&mufonhfa&pD;
aMumif;atmufydi
k f;{&d,mrsm;?aomufokH;a&twGut
f oH;k jyKonhftrsm;jynfol
qdi
k f&ma&wGif;rsm;½Sa
d &t&nftaoG;?t"dua&Ekwa
f jrmif;rsm;tygt0ifqnf
ajrmif;a&t&nftaoG;?(avhvmppfaq;jcif;ESiv
hf dt
k yfovdkerlem,lppfaq;jcif;
tajccHt&)ajrqDvTmrsm;\½kyfyi
dk f;qdi
k f&mESihf"mwkaA'qdi
k f&vu©Pm&yfrsm;ppf
aq;jcif;ponfwkdYyg0ifygonf/tqdy
k gavhvmppfaq;jcif;tpDtpOfESiy
hf wf
oufítao;pm;pDrHue
d f;rsm;twGuE
f SpfpOfcefYrSef;ukefusp&dwr
f SmpDrHue
d f;t
vdu
k f tar&duefa':vm 25ç000^
scheme cefYukefusEdi
k fygonf/
ESIAjyifqifNyD;onfESihw
f NydKifeufpDrHue
d f;taumiftxnfazmfumvt
wGif;obm0ywf0ef;usifqdi
k f&mtñTef;ude
d f;rsm;yrmPESihftrsdK;tpm;owfrSwf
jcif;rsm;udk
aqmif&Guy
f grnf/
vHa
k vmufonhf
avhvmppfaq;a&;tpDtpOf
tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;?
taejzihv
f nf;
wnfae&mrsm;owfrSwjf cif;?
wki
d f;wmrItBudrfta&twGu?f wdi
k f;wmppfaq;onho
f wfrSwc
f sufabmifrsm;
ponfjzihjf yifqifaqmif&Guy
f grnf/urÇmb
h PfrSynm½Sifrsm;?
Eki
d fiHwumynm½Sifrsm;rSaeí
avhvmppfaq;jcif;twGuf
EMP
vdt
k yfonhf
oifwef;rsm;ESihv
f kyfief;pGrf;jr§ihw
f ifjcif;rsm;udkyy
Hh ;dk aqmif&GufomG ;ygrnf/
PMUtaejziho
f bm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&mpDrHcefYcr
GJ ItpDtpOftaumift
xnfazmfjcif;tm;BuD;Muyf^
pDrHrnfjzpfNyD;
qef;ppfavhvmjcif;ESihf
tpD&if
cHjcif;rsm;tygt0ifavhvmppfaq;a&;twGut
f &nftaoG;½Sdonhf"mwfcc
GJ ef;
rsm;ESihc
f sdwfqufaqmif&Guy
f grnf/
PMU
taejzihf
a'otqihf
obm0
ywf0ef;usifqkdif&mtmPmydi
k ftzGUJ tpnf;rsm;yl;aygif;ípDrHue
d f;taejzihf
owfrSwx
f m;onhf
ESMF,
ESISs,
ESMP
ESihf
tjcm;
qufEG,f
onha
f b;uif;vHjk cHKa&;owfrSwfcsufrsm;ESiu
hf du
k fnp
D Gmtaumiftxnfazmfjcif;½Sd
^r½St
d m; ppfaq; aqmif&Guy
f grnf/ tqdy
k gtpDtpOfrsm;tm; trsm; yg0if
aqmif&Guc
f Gif&
h Sa
d om
&Gur
f nfjzpfNyD;
M
¤if;t&
&
E
vkyfief;pOfrsm;jzifh
pDrHue
d f;oufa&mufrIcH&onfh
jznfp
h Guf
aqmif
jynfor
l sm;ESifh
wdu
k f
½dkuf tusdK; cHpm;cGif&
h So
d lrsm;rS ¤if;wdkYawGYBuHK&onfh udpö&yfrsm;udk pDrHue
d f;
odYk wdu
k f½du
k ftpD&ifcHEdi
k frnf/ (tao;pdwt
f csufrsm;twGuf (ESMF tcef;
(7)ESifh yl;wG(J 3) ajr,modrf;,ljcif;ESifh a&GUajymif; ae&mcsxm;jcif; rl0g'rl
abmif? yl;wG(J 4) a'ocHwkdif;&if;om; jynfor
l sm; tpDtpOfrlabmif)
pDrHudef;vkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f ItqihE
f Sihfvkyfief;rsm;aqmif&GufaepOftwGif;
¤if;wdkYtaejzihp
f DrHue
d f;ae&mrsm;okYd BuD;Muyfavhvma&;c&D;rsm;oGm;a&mufrnf
jzpfNyD;
ESMP
ESihf
tjcm;qufEG,o
f nha
f b;uif;
vkjH cHKa&;
owfrSwf
csufrsm;taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;½S^
d r½SdtwnfjyKppfaq;oGm;ygrnf/
obm0ywf0
f ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mpDrHcefYcJGrIup
d ö&yfrsm;yg0ifonhfBuD;Muyfppfaq;
a&;tpD&ifcHpmudv
k nf;pDrHue
d f;ae&mrsm;vTrf;jcHKuGif;qif;ppfaq;a&;tpD&ifcHpm
wGifxnho
f Gif;azmfjyoGm;ygrnf/ MuHKawGU&onhf obm0ywf0ef;usif qdi
k f&m
udpö&yfrsm;tusOf;csKyfukdvnf;urÇmb
h PfodkYwifjyonhftaumiftxnfazmf
aqmif&Gujf cif;ESpf0uftpD&ifcHpmwGifxnho
f Gif;tpD&ifcHwifjy&ygrnf/
urÇmb
h Pf\tcsdefZ,m;tvdu
k faqmif&Guo
f nhBf uD;Muyfppfaq;a&;c&D;pOfrsm;
tawmtwGif; ¤if;tpD&ifcHpmrsm;udk oHk;oyfppfaq;oGm;ygrnf/
7/ epfemrIrsm;ajz½Sif;aqmif&Gufjcif;vkyfief;pOf
þ
ESMF
taumiftxnfazmfjcif;ESihq
f ufpyfonhf
wdi
k fMum;rIrsm;ESihf
epfemrIrsm;tm;pDrHue
d f;epfemrIrsm;ajz½Sif;aqmif&Gujf cif;vkyfief;pOft&ajz½Sif;
aqmif&Guy
f grnf/pDrHue
d f;epfemrIrsm;ajz½Sif;aqmif&Gujf cif;vkyfief;pOftESpfcsKyf
tm;t*Fvy
d fbmomESihjf refrmbmom(2)rsdK;tjyifoufqi
dk f&mwdi
k f;&if;om;bm
ompum;rsm;jzihy
f gazmfjyrnfjzpfNyD;pmjziha
f &;om;xm;onhfpmtkyf^pmwrf;
rsm;?tifwmeufponfrsm;tygt0ifrD'D,menf;vrf;trsdK;rsdK;jzihjf ynfor
l sm;od½Sd
Edi
k fap&ef azmfjyygrnf/ xdYk jyif ¤if;wdYk tm;a'ocHjynfor
l sm; oGm;vm&tqif
ajyonha
f e&mrsm;wGifvnf;azmfjyaMumfjimrnfjzpfovdktrsm;jynfot
l MuHjyK
aqG;aEG;yGr
J sm;?
WUGs
tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGifvnf;½Sif;vif; today;oGm;ygrnf/
pDrHudef;\oufa&mufrIcHpm;&olrsm;taejzih¤
f if;wkdY\epfemrIrsm;tm;aqmif&Guf
ajz½Sif;ay;Edi
k fonhftpDtpOf½Sa
d Mumif; od½e
Sd m;vnfEi
dk fap&ef &nf&G,y
f gonf/
þpDrHue
d f;t&
WUG
rsm;taejzihf wdkifMum;csufrsm;ESihf epfemrIrsm;udk
ajz½Sif;aqmif&Gu&
f efyxrqH;k tqiht
f zGUJ tpnf;tjzpf½y
Sd gonf/
oufqkdif&mqnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;ESihfajr,mzGUH NzdK;a&;tpDtpOfrsm;twGuf
pDrHudef;yHp
k HESiht
f aumiftxnfazmfjcif;rsm;t&yHy
h ;dk rnha
f qmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;
rsm;rpwifrSD pDrHue
d f;\ ueOD; taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gujf cif;tqihw
f G if
WUG
rsm;tm;zGUJ pnf;&ygrnf/
WUG
tzGUJ rsm;wGif
epfemrIqi
dk f
&mwm0efcH
yk*K¾d vfrsm;cefYtyfítqdy
k g wdi
k fMum;csufrsm;^tMuHjyKcsufrsm;tm; vufcHjcif;?
ajz½Sif;jcif;i
S hr
f Sww
f rf;wifjcif;rsm;uda
k qmif&Guy
f grnf/epfemrIqkdif&mwm0efcH
onf
OD;pGmwifjyvmonhf
epfemrIup
d ö&yfrsm;udk
ppfaq;
oH;k oyf&ygrnf/
tu,fíepfemrIrsm;onfawmifor
l sm;tMum;v,f,majre,fowfrsOf;qdi
k f&m
udpö&yfrsm;jzpfyguawmifop
l DrHcefYco
GJ nhp
f epfESiy
hf wfoufíoufa&mufrIrsm;
avQmhcsEdi
k f&efESpfOD;ESpfzufun
l Daqmif&Gua
f y;&rnfjzpfNyD;awmifor
l sm;tMum;t
jcm;tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;jzpfyguoufqkdif&mawmifor
l sm;tm;ac:,lawGUqHkí
ESMF
ygazmfjycsufrsm;ESihfudu
k fnp
D Gm ½Sif;vif;tajz½Smaqmif&Gu&
f rnfjzpfNyD; oD;jcm;
(third
party)tzGUJ
tpnf;\ yHy
h ;dk rIjzihf aqmif&Guy
f grnf/ (oD;jcm;
third party
0efaqmifrItzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\tcef;u@tao;pdwftm;LRPFwGifMunhE
f i
dk fyg
onf/)ေwmifor
l sm;tMum;ay:aygufonhfwdkifMum;csufrsm;ESihf tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;
twGua
f qmif&Gu&
f rnfv
h kyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;tao;pdwfukdLRPFwGifazmfjyxm;yg
onf/
tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;rSepfemonhy
f k*K¾d vf^tpktzGUJ rsm;taejzihfpDrHue
d f;ab;uif;
vHjk cHKa&;enf;vrf;rsm;tm;
aumif;pGmod½dSem;vnfNyD;
rMumcPuGif;qif;aqmif&Gua
f eonhfoD;jcm;
(third
pDrHudef;ae&mrsm;okdY
party)tzGJU
rsm;xHodkYar;cGef;rsm;?tqdjk yKcsufrsm;wdu
k f½u
kd fwifjyEdi
k fygonf/
tpnf;
oD;jcm;
(third
party)tzGUJ tpnf;taejziha
f 'o{&d,mrsm;wGifqufoG,f&rnht
f csuftvufrsm;
ud½
k i
S f;vif;pGmqdi
k f;bkwr
f sm;jziha
f zmjfytoday;&rnfjzpfNyD;epfemrI½o
Sd nhjf ynfol
rsm;taejzih¤
f if;wkdYtm;today;aqmif&GuE
f i
kd faMumif;zdwa
f c:&ygrnf/trsm;
jynfot
l MuHjyKaqG;aEG;yGr
J sm;udv
k nf;aqmufvy
k fa&;vkyfief;rsm;rpwifrSDa&t
oH;k jyKolrsm;^awmifor
l sm;tygt0ifa'ocHjynfolrsm;twGuf
tcsdef^ae&mrsm;wGifusif;y&ygrnf/
tpOfajyrnhf
ESihq
f ufoG,a
f qmif&Gua
f eonhf
PMU
obm0ywf0ef;usifESihfvlrIa&;&mynm½Sifrsm;onftqdy
k gtMuHjyKaqG;aEG;yGr
J sm;
wGifyg0ifrnfjzpfNyD;aqmif&Gu&
f ef½a
Sd omaqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;\oabmo
bm0?½Sv
d mEdi
k fonhfobm0ywf0ef;usifESihv
f lrIa&;&moufa&mufrIrsm;?&ydi
k fcGihf
qdi
k f&mowfrSwc
f sufrsm;ESihfepfemrIajz½Sif;a&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;tm;a'ocHjynfol
rsm;udt
k oday;½Sif;jy&ygrnf/bmomjyefqkdxm;onhf
yGw
J ufa&mufor
l sm;toH;k
pDpOfxm;½Sr
d nfjzpfonf/
jyKEdi
k fap&efESihf
oD;jcm;
(third
PIC
party)
ESMFudt
k MuHjyKaqG;aEG;
a'ocH½;kH wGifavhvmEdi
k fap&ef
tzGUJ tpnf;
onf
pDrHue
d f;
ae&mrsm;okYd yHr
k SefuGif;qif;oGm;a&mufrnfjzpfNyD;a'ocHjynfor
l sm;xHrSepfemrIESihf
ywfoufonhf
oD;jcm;
(third
tcsuftvufrsm;udk
party)tzGUJ tpnf;onf
aqmif&Gur
f nfjzpfaomamumihf
rsm;rS
¤if;oD;jcm;
(third
party)
PMU
wdu
k f½u
dk fvufcH&,lrnfjzpfonf/
vlrIa&;&mudpö&yfrsm;
wGiftav;xm;
ESihf qufoG,a
f qmif&Guo
f nfh ynm½Sif
tzGUJ tpnf;tm;yHy
h ;dk rIESihf
vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;
ulnjD znhq
f nf;ay;&efobm0ywf0ef;usifESihq
f ufpyfonhfepfemrIqkdif&mudpö&yf
rsm;aumif;rGefpGmajz½Sif;aqmif&Gur
f I½a
Sd &;aocsmap&efaqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/
pDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfumvwavQmuf
vdt
k yfonhf
(third
oifwef;rsm;ESihf
party)tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;rS
vkyfief;
WUG
tzGUJ rsm;twGuf
pGrf;&nfjr§iw
fh ifjcif;rsm;udk
oD;jcm;
jznhq
f nf;ay;&ygrnf/ pDrHue
d f;\ qufo,
G fa&;
owif;tcsuftvufjzefYa0a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGifepfemrIajz½Sif;jcif;vkyfief;pOfESihf
ywfoufívnf;tcsuftvuf rsm;yg0ifygonf/
trsm;yg0ifaqmif&GuE
f di
k faomavhvmppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;(M&E)udv
k nf;
oD;jcm;
(third
party)tzGUJ
tpnf;\
yHy
h ;dk rIrsm;jzihfaqmif&Gur
f nfjzpfNyD;
oufa&mufrIcH&onhjf ynfor
l sm;ud,
k fwdi
k foufqkdif&mpDrHue
d f;vkyfief;rsm;t
aumiftxnfazmfjcif;tm; tuJjzwfjcif;? pDrHue
d f;t&obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh
vlrIa&;&mudpö&yf
rsm;ajz½Sif;jcif;?
odomonhfudpö&yfrsm;ESihf
pDrHue
d f;
7
ay:aygufEdi
k fonhfavxkESiht
f jcm;epfemrIup
d ö&yfrsm;tpD&ifcHwifjyjcif;ponfwdkY
tm;aqmif&GuE
f di
k fygrnf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif NrdKUe,f
PIC
tzGUJ 0ifrsm;? aus;&Gm
tmPmydi
k ftzGUJ tpnf;rsm;wufa&mufíyg0ifor
l sm;tm;¤if;wkYd wifyvmonhe
f pf
emrIrsm;ESihy
f wfoufí½Sif;vif;tajz½Sm&mwGifulna
D qmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/
(third
party)tzGUJ tpnf;onf
tpnf;ta0;wGifwifjyonhu
f dpö
oD;jcm;
&yfrsm;ESihf
¤if;wkdYtm;aemufqufwJGESpftvku
d fpDrHue
d f;umvwGif rnfodkYajz½Sif;aqmif&Guf
ponfwkdYESihy
f wfoufírSww
f rf;wifxm;onf/tpnf;ta0;rSww
f rf;udjk yifqif
jyKpk&ygrnf/ tqdy
k grSww
f rf;rsm;udk
u/
PIC
rSwqifh
PMU okYd wifjy&ygrnf/
aemufcHtcsuftvufrsm;
pdu
k fysKd;a&;zGUH NzdK;rI taxmuftuljyKpDrHue
d f; ADSPtwGuf urÇmb
h PfrS
&efya
Hk iGtm;
vufcH&ef
v,f,mpdu
k fysKd;a&;ESifh
txnf
jrefrmEdi
k fiH
tpd;k &rS
qnfajrmif;0efBuD;Xme
azmfa&;tzGUJ tpnf;jzpfygonf/
vkyfief;rl0g'jzpfonfh
oabmwlnND yD;jzpfygonf/
4.12
(MOAI)
onf
pDrHue
d f;taejzifh
]]qE´tavsmuf
r[kwa
f om
taumif
urÇmb
h Pf\
ajr,m
odrf;
qnf;jcif;}}ESifh tjynft
h 0udu
k fnr
D I&a
Sd p&ef ajr,mESifh ypön;f rsm; odrf;,ljcif;
ESifh
ywfoufí
pDrHue
d f;t&
aqmif&Gu&
f rnfh
rl0g'rsm;ESifh
vkyfxkH;
vkyfenf;rsm;udk þpmwrf;wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/
pDrHudef;taejzifh
aejynfawmf?
rEÅav;ESifh
wdkif;a'oBuD;(4)ckjzpfonfh
ppfukdif;awmif
tqifa
h jrjyifqnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;?
yJcl;ta&SUydi
k f;?
a'oBuD;rsm;&Sd
tv,ftvwf
jyefvnfxa
l xmifa&;
vkyfief;rsm;udk
t"duxm;aqmif&Gu&
f rnfjzpfonf/þpDrHue
d f;taejzifhtaumiftxnfazmf
aqmif&Gur
f nf(h 7)ESpfwmumvwGiftqdy
k gqnfajrmif;pDrH udef; (8)cktxdtm;
yHy
h ;dk oGm;rnfjzpfonf/þpDrHue
d f;t&jyefvnfxa
l xmifa&;aqmif&Gur
f nhq
f nf
ajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;udþ
k pDrHue
d f;rsm;udka&G;cs,fowfrSwf&mwGifpDrHue
d f;xda&muf
rIaemufydi
k f;aqmif&Gur
f nfhvufawGUaqmif&GuE
f i
dk frIavhvmcsuf(FS)tay:tajc
cHíavhvmaqmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/jyefvnfae&mcsxm;jcif;vkyfief;tpDtpOft
pm;ajr,modrf;qnf;jcif;ESifhjyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;qdi
k f&mrl0g'rlabmif(LRPF)
udBk udKwifjyifqifjcif;umvtwGif;jyifqifaqmif&Gufcy
Jh gonf/
,ljcif;vkyfief;tpDtpOf
(LAAP)
tm;
LRPF
ESifh
ajr,modrf;
urÇmb
h Pf\
OP
4.12
rsm;ESifukdun
f DpGmtaumiftxnfazmfpOfumvtwGif;aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpf
onf/
pDrHudef;\yHp
k Hydi
k f;ESify
h wfoufítoday;Edi
k f&efpDrHue
d f;BudKwifjyifqif
aqmif&Gua
f epOfumvtwGif;
(SA)tay:
aqmif&Gufonfh
vlrIa&;&mtuJjzwfjcif;
tajccHí LRPF tm; aqmif&GufrnfjzpfNyD; ¤if;onf pDrHue
d f;rS
&nf&G,o
f nfh
a'oBuD;(4)cktwGif;&Sd
qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;
(4)cktm;
BudKwifa&G;cs,fowfrSwx
f m;onfh
ppfaq;tuJjzwfomG ;rnfjzpfonf/
tqdkyg
qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;(4)ckrSm&nf&G,fonfha'o(4)cktwGif;&Sdqnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;
rsm;\a,bl,svu©Pm&yfrsm;uda
k zmfjyEdi
k fjcif;aMumifha&G;cs,fcjJh cif;jzpfygonf
/taumiftxnfazmfpOfumvtwGif;
qufEG,o
f nfh
pD;yGm;a&;?
enf;ynm?
obm0ywf0ef;usifESifhvlrla&;&mudpö&yfrsm;tm;tao;pdwp
f pfaq;tuJjzwf
csufrsm;tay:tajccHíaqmif&Gur
f nf(h FS)t&vufawGUaqmif&GufEi
dk frI&o
Sd nf[k
owfrSwE
f di
k fonft
h csuftay:rlwnfí¤if;pDrHue
d f;(4)ckteufrSrnfonfp
h DrHue
d f
;wpfckckudr
k qdþ
k pDrHue
d f;rSjyefvnfxlaxmifa&;aqmif&GuE
f dkifygrnf/
jynfp
h o
Hk nfv
h lrIa&;&mppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;(SA)tm;vufawGUaqmif&GuE
f i
dk frlavh
vmjcif;(FS)\wpdww
f ydi
k f;tjzpftaumiftxnfazmfpOfumvtwGif;aqmif
&Gur
f nfjzpfovdkþpDrHudef;t&yHy
h ;dk ay;rnfhqnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;vTrf;jcHKa'orsm;
twGif;wdi
k f;&if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;wnf&jSd cif;(odYk )pkaygif;aexdi
k fjcif;rsKd;&Sa
d Mumif;
FSt&wdi
k f;&if;om; pDppfaqmif&Gujf cif;tm;jzifh awGU&S&
d yguurÇmb
h Pf\ OP
4.10 (a'ocH wdi
k f;&ifom;jynfor
l sm;) ESiv
fh nf; udu
k fnDrI&a
Sd p &efaqmif
&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/
þpDrHue
d f;onfurÇmb
h Pf\obm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&mtkyfpktrsKd;tpm;
(c)twGif;usa&mufygonf/tdrfaxmifpkrsm;½kyfyi
dk f;qdi
k f&ma&TUajymif;&jcif;(odYk )
ajr,m^ypön;f BuD;BuD;rm;rm;odrf;qnf;&jcif;rsKd;jzpfEdkifzG,r
f &Sy
d g/
þpDrHue
d f;\ oufa&mufrIcHpm;&olrsm;
(PAP)rSm
trsm;tm;jzifh pDrHue
d f;rS
wdu
k f½u
dk ftusKd;cHpm;cGif&
h rnfo
h lrsm;jzpfygonf/odkY&mwGiftcsKdUaomawmifor
l
[kwo
f lrsm;ESifw
h du
k f½kduftusKd;cHpm;&olrsm;r[kwfonfhawmifol tcsKdUtaejzifh
yifrESifh
Secondarywl;l ajrmif;rsm;jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;?
prf;oyfajr,m
zGUH NzdK;
a&;tpDtpOfponfrsm;rS oufa&mufrI cHpm;&Edi
k fygonf/
c/
pDrHudef;
pDrHudef;zGUH NzdK;a&;OD;wnfcsuf
þADSP \pDrHue
d f;zGUH NzdK;a&;OD;wnfcsufrSm yJcl;ta&SUydi
k f;? aejynfawmf?
rEÅav;ESifh
ppfukdif;wdkif;
qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;
a'oBuD;rsm;&Sd
pepfrsm;&S&
d m
a'orsm;\
a&G;cs,fxm;onfh
vuf&Sd
oD;ESHxGuE
f Ief;ESifh
Cropping
Intensityrsm;wd;k wufjrifr
h m;vmap&efjzpfonf/
¤if;OD;wnfcsufa&muf&Sa
d tmifjrifap&efqnfajrmif;ESifh a&Ekwf ajrmif;pepfrsm;
ydr
k a
dk umif;rGefap&ef?udu
k fnr
D I&So
d nfv
h ,f,mpdu
k fysKd;a&;qdkif&mtMuHÓPfrsm;ESifh
enf;ynmtultnDrsm;ay;jcif;ponfhenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh aqmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/
pDrHudef;tpdwt
f ydi
k f;rsm;
tqdjk yKonfþ
h pDrHue
d f;wGiftpdwt
f ydi
k f;(4)ckyg0ifygonf/(1)qnfajrmif;
ESia
hf &EIwa
f jrmif;pDrHcefYcGr
J I(2)pdu
k fysKd;a&;qdkif&mtMuHÓPfEi
S e
fh nf;ynmtultnD
rsm;(3)pDrHue
d f;ndE
§ di
I f;aqmif&Gufjcif;ESip
fh DrHcefYcjGJ cif;(4)ta&;ay:tajctaeajz
&Sif;aqmif&Gujf cif;ponfwkdYjzpfygonf/tpdwt
f ydi
k f;wpfckcsif;pD\tESpfcsKyfazmf
jycsuf rsm;rSm atmufygtwdi
k f;jzpfygonf/
tpdwt
f ydi
k f;(1) qnfajrmif;ESifh a&Ekwa
f jrmif;pDrHcefYcr
GJ I
þtydi
k f;taejzifq
h nfa&aomuf{&d,myrmPESifhv,f,mukefxw
k fvkyfrI
yrmPrsm;wd;k jr§ifv
h map&efpDrHue
d f;{&d,mtwGif;&Sq
d nfajrmif;ESifha&Ekwa
f jrmif;
0efaqmifrIrsm;\
vdu
k favsmnDaxG&Sr
d IESifh
tm;xm;EdkifrI
wd;k jr§iv
fh map&ef
&nf&G,y
f gonf/
qnfajrmif;ESifh
a&Ekwa
f jrmif;pDrHcefYcr
GJ Irsm;ESifh
pyfvsOf;í
(1)awmifor
l sm;vdt
k yfcsuftvdu
k fqnfajrmif;0efaqmifrIrsm;jznfq
h nf;ay;Edi
k f
a&;twGuv
f dt
k yfonfhtzGUJ tpnf;qdi
k f&mtajymif;tvJrsm;tay:tm½Hkpu
dk f
aqmif&Gujf cif;?(2)owfrSww
f di
k f;a'oBuD;rsm;&Sa
d &G;cs,fxm;onfq
h nfajrmif;pDrH
udef;
(8)
ck
twGif;
40ç000
ha
yrmPtusHK;0ifonfh
qnfajrmif;
ESifa
h &Ekwa
f jrmif;tajccHtaqmufttHkrsm;jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;ESihw
f d;k wuf
aumif;rGefa&;twGub
f @ma&;&mrsm;tp½SdonfwdYk udkaqmif&Gur
f nf jzpfonf/
tzGUJ tpnf;qdkif&mzGUH NzdK;wdk;wufrItwGufpDrHudef;\taxmuftyHr
h sm;wGif
qnfajrmif;ESiha
f &Ekyfajrmif;pDrHcefYcr
GJ ItzGUJ tpnf;rsm;?¤if;wdYk \vlom;t&if;t
jrpfrsm;?tcsuftvufaumuf,jl cif;?pDrHcefYca
GJ &;owif;tcsuftvufpepfrsm;
ESiht
f ajccHtaqmufttHr
k sm;zGUH NzdK;wdk;wufa&;?awmifor
l sm;ESihf0efaqmifrIjzefYa0
onht
f zGUJ tpnf;rsm;twGufqnfajrmif;pDrHcefYcr
GJ Iqkdif&mqH;k jzwfcsufrsm;csrSwf
aqmif&GuE
f di
k fonhftzGUJ tpnf;tjzpfvuf½dSpu
dk fysdK;a&;ndE
§ i
dI f;rIaumfrwD(ACC)
tm;ydr
k t
dk m;aumif;cdkifrma&;?a&toH;k jyKolrsm;tzGUJ (WUG)rsm;wnfaxmifjcif;ESihf
tm;aumif;cdi
k frmapjcif;tp½SdonfwYdk yg0ifygonf/tqdy
k gWUGrsm;wnfaxmif
jcif;ESit
hf m;aumif;cdkifrmrIrsm;½Sa
d p&efawmifor
l sm;tm;yHy
h ;dk ay;Edi
k frnht
f &nft
aoG;jynh0
f NyD;vHa
k vmufaomenf;ynmqdi
k f&muRrf;usifrIrsm;½So
d nht
f zGUJ tpnf;
rsm;udi
k Sm;&rf;toH;k jyKygrnf/yg0ifEi
dk frI½o
Sd nhfenf;vrf;ESih&
f yf&Gmyg0ifaqmif&Guf
rIrsm;ESiy
hf wfoufícdi
k frmonft
h awGUtMuHK½SdaomtrsdK;om;tqih(f okYd )Edi
k fiHw
umtqihN
f GOrsm;udi
k Sm;&rf;ípDrHue
d f;taumiftxnfazmfrIavhvmppfaq;jcif;
ESihf
yg0ifaqmif&Guc
f Gih½
f Sdaom
avhvmtuJjzwfjcif;
(M&E)rsm;
aqmif&Guf
Edi
k f&ef toH;k jyKoGm;ygrnf/
pDrHudef;taejzihfa&G;cs,fxm;onhp
f epfrsm;2ck?3ckwi
G f½o
Sd nhf
v,f,majr
a&pDrHcefYcGr
J ItajccHtaqmufttHE
k Sihfprf;oyfajr,mzGUH NzdK;a&;tpDtpOfrsm;wd;k
wufaumif;rGefap&efvnf;yHy
h kd;oGm;ygrnf/tqdy
k gajr,mzGUH NzdK;a&;prf;oyftpD
tpOfrsm;wGifvuf½dSrnDnmonhy
f p
Hk H½a
Sd ompdu
k fuGur
f sm;tm;wlnDonhft&G,f
tpm;?nDnmonhy
f Hp
k Hjzpfap&efcsdefnd§jcif;ESit
hf wlajr,mjyefYjyL;nDnmapjcif;rsm;?
v,f,majr?qnfajrmif;ESiha
f &Ekyfajrmif;?wl;ajrmif;rsm;?toH;k jyKvrf;rsm;wnf
aqmufjcif;tp½SdonfwdYk yg0ifygonf/
t&nftaoG;jynh0
f onhf
oD;jcm;
(third
party)
(Oyrm
NGO)taejzihf
pDrHudef;\
wdu
k f½dkuftusdK;cH
pm;cGihf
½Sdor
l sm;tjzpfuefYowfrIr½Sdyg0ifonha
f 'ocHjynfolrsm;tm;vH;k pDrHue
d f;t
aumiftxnfazmfjcif;wGifwuf<upGmyg0ifEi
dk fa&;ESih¤
f if;wdkYtay:usa&mufEdi
k f
onhq
f d;k usdK;rsm;tenf;qH;k jzpfapa&;(okYd )tjcm;enf;jzihfavsmhcsEdi
k fa&;ponf
rsm;twGua
f qmif&Guf&ygrnf/yg0ifEi
dk fcGi½
hf dSaomavhvmppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;
(M&E)rsm;udv
k nf;aqmif&Gur
f nfjzpfojziha
f 'ocHjynfor
l sm;taejzih¤
f if;wdkY\
epfemrIrsm;twGu(f okYd )pDrHue
d f;ESihy
f wfoufíwdu
k f½u
dk fpHp
k rf;rIrsm;twGuo
f D;jcm;
(thirdparty)0efaqmifrItzGUJ tpnf;\yHy
h ;dk rIESit
hf wla'oqdi
k f&mtpd;k &t&mxrf;rsm;
a½SUarSmufwGif
ajymqda
k qmif&GuE
f i
dk fMurnfjzpfonf/
oD;jcm;
(third
party)
0efaqmifrItzGUJ tpnf;rsm;onfajr,mzGUH NzdK;a&;prf;oyftpDtpOfrsm;ESiy
hf wf
oufonhfvkyfief;rsm;tm;vH;k twGuf
NrdKUenfqnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme
(ID)?
(SLRD)ESip
hf DrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfa&;aumfrwDrsm;ESihe
f D;uyfpGmvkyfief;
aqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/
tpdwt
f ydi
k f;(2) v,f,majrqdi
k f&m tMuHÓPfESihf enf;ynm0efaqmifrIrsm;
þtydi
k f;taejzihf&nf&G,fonhq
f nfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;½Sdpu
dk fysdK;a&;enf;
ynmzGHUG NzdK;wdk;wufrIESihfenf;vrf;rsm;tm;yHy
h ;dk ay;jcif;jzihfv,f,mukefxw
k fvy
k frI
wd;k jr§ia
fh pa&;ESihf ukefxw
k fvy
k frIp&dwa
f vsmhcsa&;wdYk udk aqmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/
xdYk tjyif
&nf&G,o
f nhf
qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;½Sd
ajrqDvmT trsdK;rsdK;twGuf
ydr
k a
dk umif;rGefonha
f jrMoZmtoH;k jyKrIrsm;jr§iw
hf ifjcif;?rsdK;aphaxmufya
Hh &;pyf
aMumif;rsm;cdi
k frmapjcif;?awmifot
l ajccH
Seed Multiplication
tajccH taqmuf
ttHE
k Siht
f *Fg&yfrsm;zGUH NzdK;apjcif;tm;jziht
f &nftaoG;½SdonhfrsdK;aphxw
k fvy
k fjcif;
(t"dutm;jzihy
f k*¾vu
d u@rSrxkwfvy
k faompyfrsdK;r[kwo
f nhp
f yg;(yJtrsdK;rsdK;
ESihq
f Dxu
G foD;ESr
H sm;)ponhfrsm;udy
k y
Hh ;dk oGm;rSmjzpfovdkaygif;pyfy;dk rTm;pDrHcefYca
GJ &;
enf;pepfrsm;usiho
f Hk;jcif;jzift
h yifrsm;umuG,a
f &;twGup
f Grf;&nfyr
dk dkaumif;rGef
ap&efMOAIESifhawmifolrsm;tm;yHy
h ;dk ulnDomG ;ygrnf/tqdy
k gpdu
k fysdK;a&;qdi
k f&m
enf;ynmzGHUNzdK;wd;k wufrIvy
k fief;rsm;ESia
fh umif;rGefonfhpdkufysKd;a&;vkyfxkH;
vkyfenf;A[kow
k rsm;udk&nf&G,o
f nfa
h wmifor
l sm;xHokdYjzefYa0Edi
k f&efawmifol
rsm;\vdt
k yfcsufESife
h nf;ynmtcuftcJrsm;?v,f,majrpepfrsm;/aps;uGut
f
cGit
fh vrf;rsm;tay:tajccHonfhaumif;rGefonfp
h u
dk fysKd;a&;tMuHay;0efaqmifrI
rsm;rSwpfqifa
h qmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/xdYk jyifpDrHue
d f;taejzifhaus;&Gmwd;k csJUynm
a&;pifwmrsm;jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif; (odYk ) wnfaqmufjcif;? aumif;rGefonfh
enf;ynmo½kyfjypdu
k fcif;rsm;wnfaxmifjcif;?oifwef;tpDtpOfrsm;wd;k csJUjcif;
ESifh
wd;k csJU0efxrf;rsm;ESifh
MOAI
vkyfief;ESifh
ynm&yfqi
dk f&muRrf;usifynm&Sifrsm;tm;
c&D;oGm;vmjcif;qdkif&m
yHy
h ;dk rIrsm;ponf
udpö&yf
rsm;wGifvnf;
ulny
D y
Hh ;dk oGm;ygrnf/
&nf&G,o
f nfh
qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;&Sd
v,f,mvkyfief;rsm;twGuf
aumif;rGef
tjrwftpGef;rsm;aom
pufrI
owfrSwc
f sufrsm;
ysHUESr
H I&Sd
aom
ap&ef aqmif&Gu&
f mwGif pDrHue
d f;taejzifh MOAI
rS pufjyif ynm&Sif rsm;
tm;oifwef;rsm;ay;jcif;?tao;pm;v,f,mpepfrsm;twGuo
f ifa
h wmfonf&
h moD
OwkESiu
fh du
k fna
D omenf;ynmopfrsm;prf;oyfjcif;twGufoifa
h wmfonf&
h moDO
wkESiu
fh du
k fna
D omenf;ynmopfrsm;?prf;oyfjcif;?o½kyfjyjcif;?&nf&G,o
f nfh
qnfajrmif;pepfrsm;wGifpufrI0efaqmifrIrsm;jznfq
h nf;ay;jcif;ponfhenf;vrf;
rsm;jzifp
h ufrIv,f,mu@udy
k y
Hh ;dk oGm;ygrnf/xdYk tjyifrEÅav;wdi
k f;a'oBuD;t
wGif;&Sr
d dwD¬vm
Maganization
Training
Center
oifwef;ausmif;\
pGrf;aqmif
ရnfjr§ifw
h ifEdi
k f&efacwfrSo
D ifwef;enf;pepfrsm;ESify
h pönf;rsm;yHy
h ;dk ay;jcif;?
jyKjyifa&;tvkyf½Hr
k sm;tm;tqifjh r§ifwifjcif;
MOAI
Maganization
Service
ponfv
h kyfief;rsm;uda
k qmif&Guí
f
Station
rsm;rS0efxrf;rsm;awmifor
l sm;?
yk*¾vduu@rsm;twGufydr
k da
k umif;rGefjynfhpa
Hk om toufarG;0rf;ausmif;qdkif&m
oifwef;rsm;
jznfq
h nf;ay;oGm;ygrnf/
Maganization Service Station (4)ck
pufypönf;rsm;ESifh
twGuf
a&GUajymif;jyKjyifa&;
axmufya
Hh y;jcif;tm;jzifh
onft
h jyif
&moDOwkESifh
awmifor
l sm;xHokdYjznhq
f nf;ay;jcif;/
pDrHue
d f;{&d,m&Sd MOAI
yk*¾vu
d u@rsm;ESifh
yl;aygif;í
tvkyf½r
Hk sm;
a&G;cs,fowfrSwí
f
udu
k fna
D om
စufrIenf;ynmrsm;
tylydi
k f;a'o&Sdtao;pm;v,f,mpepf
rsm;twGuo
f ifa
h wmfaomp&dwo
f ufomonf0
h efaqmifrIrsm;jznfq
h nf;jcif;ESifh
awmifor
l sm;twGuf oifwef;rsm; tp&So
d nf wdYk udk aqmif&GufomG ;ygrnf/
tpdwt
f ydi
k f;(3) -
pDrHudef; ndE
§ di
I f;aqmif&Gujf cif;ESifh tcef;cGjJ cif;
PMUtm;zGUJ pnf;wnfaxmifygrnf/¤if;wGifenf;ynmqdi
k f&mESifh b@ma&;
qdi
k f&mMOAI0efxrf;rsm;yg0ifrnfjzpfNyD;¤if;wdkYtm;oufqkdif&mtaumiftxnf
azmfa&;Xmersm;rStcsdefjynfhpepfjzifh PMU odYk ajymif;a&TU wm0ef xrf;aqmif
apygonf/
pDrHue
d f;
tydi
k f;wpfckcsif;pDESifh
azmfaqmif&Gujf cif;udkXmeqdi
k f&mpDrHue
d f;
wpfqifa
h qmif&Guy
f grnf/
aqmif&Gujf cif;ESifh
a&;udpö&yfrsm;
PMU
pDrHcefYcGjJ cif;?
taumiftxnf
taumiftxnfazmfa&;Xmepdwr
f sm;rS
taejzifh
axmufyHa
h &;?
tydi
k f;cGr
J sm;
b@ma&;
pDrHue
d f;taumiftxnf
pDrHcefYcGJjcif;?
tzGUJ tpnf;twGif;ESifh
azmf
ab;uif;vHjk cHK
jyifypm&if;ppfaq;jcif;?
pDrHudef; avhvmppfaq; tuJjzwfjcif; (M & E) pepfrsm; wnfaxmifjcif;rsm;
tygt0ifb@ma&;xdef;odrf;rIqkdif&mtpDtrHrsm;twGufvTrf;jcHKndE
§ i
dI f;aqmif
&Gur
f Irsm;udw
k m0ef,&
l ygrnf/ MOAI \taumiftxnfazmfa&; pGrf;&nfjznfh
qnf;&efvkdtyfonfhae&mrsm;wGifjynfyynm&Sifrsm;udkac:,ltoH;k jyKygrnf/þ
tydi
k f;taejzifh
M&E
pepfESifp
h DrHcefYcr
GJ Iowif;
xlaxmifjcif;?yg0ifEdi
k fcGif&
h Sa
d om
aqG;aEG;yGt
J pDtpOf?
½kH;ypön;f rsm;ESifh
jyifyrS
M
&
E
ac:,lonfh
c&D;oGm;vmjcif;rsm;
tcsuftvufpepfrsm;
qufoG,f
a&;ESifh
0efxrf;vpmrsm;?
tygt0if
tMuHjyK
oufqkdif&m
qufEG,o
f nfh
enf;ynm
qdi
k f&mtMuHay;0efaqmifrIrsm;twGuf b@ma&; yHy
h ;dk oGm;ygonf/
tpdwt
f ydi
k f;(4) ta&;ay:tajctaeajz&Sif;aqmif&Gufjcif;
þbwf*sufrJt
h pdwt
f ydi
k f;\ OD;wnfcsufrSm obm0ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;?
ta&;ay:tajctaersm;twGuv
f dt
k yfonfhjyifqifrIrsm;ESifjh refqefonfhajz&Sif;
rIrsm; yHy
h d;k ay;Edkif&ef tjcm;tydi
k f;rsm;udk acs;aiGrsm;tm; jrefqefpGm jyefvnf
cGa
J 0csxm;jcif;vdt
k yfovdk aqmif&GuE
f i
dk f&efjzpfonf/
tzGUJ tpnf;qdkif&mtpDtrHrsm;
ADSP\
A[dt
k qifw
h Gif
taumiftxnfazmfa&;tzGUJ tpnf;rSm
pDrHue
d f;?
tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh
MOAI
jzpfygonf/
BuD;Muyfa&;twGuf
pDrHue
d f;
uGyfua
J &;aumfrwD
PSC
udz
k GJUpnf;ygrnf/NrdKUe,ftqifw
h GifndE
§ i
dI f;a&;
vkyfief;rsm; twGuf ACC tm; wm0ef,a
l qmif&Gua
f pygonf/
MOAI twGif;rSmyif
pDrHudef;
pDrHcefYcGr
J IESifh
PMU tm;
zJJUG pnf;rnfjzpfNyD; ¤if;taejzifh aeYpOf
ndE
§ di
I f;aqmif&Gur
f Irsm;
(ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tygt0if)
udw
k m0ef,&
l ygrnf/ PMU tm; tcsdefjynfh PMU refae*smrS OD;aqmifygrnf/
PMU wGif ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ndE
§ i
dI f;a&;rSL;cefYtyfrnfjzpfNyD; ¤if;taejzifh PMU
refae*smodYk wdu
k f½dkuftpD&ifcH&ygrnf/pDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm;vufawGUtumift
xnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;udk MOAIXmersm;&Sd pDrHue
d ftaumiftxnfazmfa&;
Xmepdwr
f sm;(PIUs)rsm;rSmvdktyfonfhenf;ynmqdi
k f&muRrf;usifrIrsm;ESit
fh wloD;
jcm; (third Party) taumiftxnfazmfa&;rdwz
f uftzGUJ tpnf;rsm;jzifh taumif
txnfazmfaqmif&Guy
f grnf/pDrHue
d f;tydi
k f;(1)taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf
qnfajrmif;OD;pDXme
(ID)
rS
(SLRD)
ESifh
pufrIv,f,mOD;pD;Xme
(AMD)
rsm;\ enf;ynmtultnDjzihf wm0ef,a
l qmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/ pDrHue
d f; tydi
k f;
(2) taumiftxnfazmfa&;ESifh ywfoufí pdu
k fysKd;a&;OD;pD;Xme (DOA) ESifh
¤if;XmecGr
J sm;rS pdu
k fysKd;a&;okawoeOD;pD; Xme (DAK) \ enf;ynmqdi
k f&m
yHy
h ;dk rIjzifh
wm0ef,a
l qmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/
vkyfief;rsm;taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf
þpDrHue
d f;tydi
k f;&Sd
AMD
rS
pufrIv,f,m
wm0ef,a
l qmif
&Guf
&ygrnf/
NrdKUe,ftqifw
h GifpDrHue
d f;taumiftxnfazmfa&;aumfrwD(PIC)onfo
abmwlnDxm;onfv
h kyfief;rsm;taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gua
f &;twGuf
wm0ef,l&ygrnf/¤if;wdYk taejzifh ACC \vrf;ñTefrIjzifh aqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/
PIC
tm;
MOAI
\taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufrnfX
h mersm;tm;vH;k rS
ud,
k fpm;vS,r
f sm;jzifhzGUJ pnf;&rnfjzpfNyD;IDrSOuú|tjzpfaqmif&Gufrnfjzpfonf/
PICwGifab;uifးvHjk cHKa&;wm0efcHwpfOD;&Sr
d nfjzpfNyD;NrdKUe,ftqifhab;uif;vHjk cHK
a&; qdi
k f&mudpö&yfrsm;twGuf oD;jcm; (Third Party) 0efaqmifrItzGUJ tpnf;
ESifh teD;uyf ndE
§ di
I f;aqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/ pDrHue
d f;taejzifh WUG tzGUJ tpnf;
wnfaxmifjcif;ESifhtzGJUtpnf;qdkif&mtm;aumif;cki
d frma&;twGufyy
Hh ;dk rnfjzpfNyD;
¤if;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;onf &yf&Gmtqifq
h nfajrmif; ESifh wd;k csJUvkyfief;rsm; tpD
tpOfa&;qGJjcif;?
aqmif&Gujf cif;ESifhavhvmppfaq;jcif;rsm;?
vlrIa&;qdkif&m
ab;tEÅ&m,f
pDrHcefYcGjJ cif;
tp&Sdonfrsm;twGuf
tajccHtzGUJ tpnf;rsm;
jzpfvmygrnf/
PMU
&Sa
d b;uif;vHkjcHKa&;nd§Ei
dI f;a&;rSL;rsm;onfþ
LRPF
taumif
txnfazmfjcif;tygt0ifa,bl,sab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;qdi
k f&mvdu
k femaqmif&GufrI
rsm;t"duwm0efcHaqmif&Gur
f nfo
h ljzpfygrnf/
PMU
taejzifhpr
D Hue
d f;
tumiftxnfazmfjcif;ESifa
h xmufyHy
h Ydk aqmifa&;?b@ma&;pDrHcefYcjGJ cif;?ab;uif;
vHjk cHKa&;?
tzGUJ tpnf;twGif;ESifh
jyifypm&if;ppfaq;jcif;?
pDrHue
d f;
M & E
pepfrsm;xlaxmifjcif;rsm;tygt0ifb@ma&;&mxdrf;odrf;aqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;t
wGuv
f Trf;jcHKndE
§ di
I f; aqmif&Gur
f Irsm;udk wm0ef,l&ygrnf/
þpDrHue
d f;t&oD;jcm; (Third Party) 0efaqmifrItzGUJ tpnf;tm; Xm;&rf;
toH;k jyKíqH;k jzwfcsufcsrSwfaqmif&Gujf cif;vkyfief;pOfrsm;twGif;tusKd;cHpm;&
rnfa
h wmifor
l sm;tm; yHy
h d;k ay;jcif;? DOI \ enf;ynmqdi
k f&m ynm&Sifrsm;ESifh
vufwJGíawmifor
l sm;tm;yHy
h d;k ay;jcif;/DOI\enf;ynmqdi
k f&mynm&Sifrsm;ESifh
vufwJGíawmifoy
l di
k fpepfrsm;pDrHcefYcjGJ cif;twGur
f QwíyGifhvif;jrifomrI&a
Sd om
enf;pepfrsm;zGUH NzdK;ap&efyHy
h d;k ulnDjcif;rsm;uda
k qmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/xdkYjyif¤if;tzGUJ
tpnf;onfxc
d du
k frI&So
d lrsm;\epfemrIup
d ö&yfrsm;pkpnf;jcif;ESifh awmifor
l sm;\
tpnf;ta0;rSww
f rf;rsm;
pepfwus
&Sa
d p&ef
ulna
D y;jcif;rsm;
tygt0if
ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;qdkif&mtaumiftxnfazmfor
l sm;tm; avhvmppfaq;jcif;ESifh
aus;&Gmtqifv
h du
k femaqmif&Gur
f Irsm;&Sa
d p&efavhvmppfaq;jcif;ponfv
h kyfief;
rsm;jzifh
ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;
ndE
§ i
dI f;a&;rSL;tm;yHy
h dk;ulnD&ygrnf/
xdYk jyif
¤if;wdkY\vkyfief;rsm;udktusKd;cHpm;cGi&
fh onfa
h wmifor
l sm;tMum;?awmifor
l sm;
ESifo
h ufqkdif&m tpd;k &tzGUJ tpnf; rsm;tMum; tqifajyacsmarGUapa&;twGuf
t"duxm;aqmif&Gu&
f rnfjzpfovdk
vlrIa&;&moufa&mufrIrsm;tm;
enf;ynmqdi
k f&m
yHp
k HjyKjcif;
enf;ynmqdi
k f&m
yHp
k HjyKvkyfief;pOfwi
G f
tjynft
h 0xnfo
h Gif;pOf;pm;rI&a
Sd pa&;twGuf
vkyfief;pOfokdY
yHy
h ;dk jznfq
h nf;jcif;udv
k nf; aqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/
vlrIa&;&m
tcsuftvufrsm;
yH(k 1) pDrHue
d f;taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gujf cif;twGuf zGUJ pnf;yHt
k pDtpOf
(*)
vuf&SO
d ya'a&;&mESift
h zGUJ tpnf;qdi
k f&m rlabmifrsm;
ajr,mOya'rsm;
v,f,majrOya'udk
2012ckESpf
rwfvwGif
jy|mef;usifo
h H;k cJy
h gonf/
tqdy
k gOya't& ajr,mrsm;tm;vH;k \ rlvydi
k f&SifrSm Edi
k fiHawmfjzpfonf[k
azmfjyxm;ygonf/ xdYk jyif ¤if;Oya't& v,f,majrESiy
fh wfoufí yk*¾vu
d
toH;k jyKcGifw
h Gif a&mif;csydi
k fcGi?fh vJv,
S fydi
k fcGi?fh tarGqufcHyi
dk fcGi?fh vSL'gef;
ydi
k fcGi?fh
iSm;&rf;ESifh
aygifESc
H Gir
fh sm;
v,f,majrOya'wGif
yg0ifonf[k
awmifor
l sm;taejzifh
azmfjyxm;ygonf/
¤if;wdkY\
¤if;
toH;k jyKcGifhrsm;udk
xdef;odrf;xm;Edi
k fonfo
h wfrSwc
f sufrsm;vnf;yg0ifNyD;tqdy
k gtcGit
fh a&;rsm;
tm;Edi
k fiHawmftmPmESify
h ,fzsufEi
dk fjcif;?ajr,mtjiif;yGm;rIrsm;twGufajz&Sif;
aqmif&Gujf cif;vkyfief;pOfESifhEdi
k fiHawmfrSajr,mrsm;udktrsm;jynfot
l usKd;udpö&yf
rsm;twGua
f qmif&Gu&
f efor
d f;,lyguepfemaMu;ay;aqmif&eftajccHvkdtyfcsuf
rsm;vnf; yg0ifygonf/
ajrvGwf? ajr½dkif;ESify
h vyfajr pDrHcefYcr
GJ I Oya'udv
k nf; 2012ckESpfwi
G f
twnfjyKjy|mef;cJy
h gonf/ ajrvGw?f ajr½dkif;ESifh yvyfajrrsm; toH;k jyKjcif;
ESifh
cGa
J 0csxm;jcif;rsm;udk
þOya'jzifh
pDrHcefYcy
GJ gonf/
¤if;Oya'rS
ajrvGwf? ajr½dkif;ESifh yvyfajrpDrHcefYcGJrIqkdif&m A[da
k umfrwD (CCVFV) tm;
xlaxmif&ef
azmfjyxm;NyD;
¤if;aumfrwDonf
tqdy
k g
ajrrsm;tm;
toH;k
jyKcGic
fh sxm;ay;rIrsm;ESify
h wfoufíwm0ef,laqmif&Gu&
f ygonf/rjzpfraeajr
,modrf;qnf;&rIrsm;ESify
h wfoufípDrHcefYc&
GJ mwGifrl1894ckESpfajr,modrf;qnf;
jcif;tufOya'rsm;t"duOya'tjzpfqufvufwnf&y
Sd gonf/tqdy
k gtufOy
a't&tpd;k &taejzift
h rsm;jynfoltusKd;udpö&yfrsm;twGua
f jr,modrf;,ljcif;
tm; cGijfh yKxm;NyD; ,if;twGuf ajrydi
k fqkdifolrsm;tm; epfemaMu;ay;&efvnf;
azmfjyxm;ygonf/tqdy
k gazmfjycsufrsm;wGifajr,modrf;,ljcif;twGuv
f dt
k yf
aomtoday;Ed;I aqmfjcif;?uefYuGufjcif;(odYk )t,lcH0ifjcif;ponfvy
k fief;pOfrsm;
ESifa
h jrwefzd;k owfrSwjf cif; enf;pepfrsm;vnf; yg0ifygonf/
tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;
v,f,majrrsm;twGuf
t"du
jzpfygonf/0efBuD;Xme
MOAI
a&t&if;tjrpfrsm;?
wm0ef,a
l qmif&Guo
f nft
h zGUJ tpnf;rSm
taejzifh
qnfajrmif;?
ajr,mtoH;k jyKrI
pufrIv,f,m?
tpDtpOfrsm;?
aMu;wdi
k f;ESia
fh jrpm&if;?
tjcm;udpö&yfrsm;twGufwm0ef,Bl uD;Muyfaqmif&GufEi
dk f&efOD;pD;Xmersm;&Sy
d g
onf/
v,f,majrpDrHcefYcr
GJ I
tzGUJ tpnf;
(FMB)
ESifh
CCVFV
(2012ckESpftwGif; jy|mef;cJo
h nfh azmfjyyg Oya'ESpf&yft& xlaxmif cJjh cif;
jzpfonf/)
tzGUJ rsm;onf
tqdy
k goufqkdif&m
Oya'rsm;t&
pDrHcefYco
GJ nfh
ajr,mtoH;k jyKcGift
h wGuf avQmufxm;rIrsm; pDppftwnfjyKjcif;rsm;udk wm0ef
,laqmif&Gu&
f ygonf/
C/ urÇmb
h Pfvkyfief;rl0g' (OP 4.12)
urÇmb
h Pf\ vkyfief;rl0g'(OP – 4.12) onf atmufyg OD;wnfcsuf
atmifjrifap&ef &nf&G,y
f gonf/
(u) tu,fí
csEdi
k fNyD;
enf;vrf;
vufawGUjzpfEi
dk facs&Sa
d om
pDrHudef;yHp
k HESifh
rsm;tm;
(odYk )
ywfoufí
tenf;qHk;
tjcm;
avhvmqef;ppf&ef
avsmh
tm;xm;Edi
k fonfh
tajctae&Sy
d gu
qE´
tavQmuf r[kwf aomajrodrf;,ljcif; udpö&yfrsm;udk a&SmifvTJ
&efjzpfygonf/
(c)
tu,fí a&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;rltm; a&SmifvJT&ef rjzpfEi
dk fygu
,if;odkYa&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;&rIrsm;udka&&Snw
f nfwa
Hh tmifjrif
aomzGUH NzdK;a&;tpDtpOftjzpfrSw,
f l?aqmif&Gu&
f efESifhpDrHue
d f;t&
a&TUajymif;&olrsm;tm;pDrHue
d f;tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;rQa0cHpm;Edi
k fap&ef
ESifv
h Ha
k vmufaom&if;ES;D jr§KyfEr
SH It&if;tjrpfrsm;udkjznfq
h nf;ay;&yg
rnf/a&TUajymif;&olrsm;tm;t"dyÜg,fjynfp
h GmaqG;aEG;tMuHay;wdkif
yifjcif;ESifha&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;rItpDtpOfpDrHue
d f;a&;qGjJ cif;ESifht
aumiftxnfazmfjcif;vkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0if&ef tcGit
fh vrf;rsm;
zefw;D ay;jcif;rsm;udk aqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/
(*)
a&TUajymif;&olrsm;\oufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;ESiv
fh laerlb0
tqift
h wef;rsm;wd;k wufa&mif;rGefapa&;(odYk )tenf;qHk;rlvt
wdi
k f;qufvufwnf&a
Sd ea&;twGuu
f lny
D y
Hh ;dk &rnfjzpfNyD;vufawGU
tm;jzifr
h a&TUajymif;rDu
S mv&St
d qift
h wef;(odYk )rnfonfhenf;vrf;
t&jzpfapydr
k djk rifr
h m;onft
h qift
h wef;tm;owfrSwí
f pDrHue
d f;t
aumiftxnfazmfrIueOD;vkyfief;rsm;rpwifrt
SD csdefumv&Sd¤if;t
qift
h wef;twdi
k f;tenf;qHk;wlnDonft
h qift
h wef;xdrf;xm;Edi
k f
ap&ef aqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/
þrl0g't&urÇmb
h PftultnDjzifa
h qmif&Guo
f nfh&if;ESD;jr§KyfEr
SH IpDrHue
d f;
rsm;ESifq
h E´tavQmufr[kwa
f omajr,modrf;qnfjcif;rsm;aMumifhatmufyg&v'f
rsm; jzpfapaom wdu
k f½dkup
f D;yGm;a&;ESifh vlrIa&;&m oufa&mufrI rsm; yg
0ifygonf/
(1) ae&ma&TUajymif;&jcif;(odYk ) rSc
D a
dk exdkif&m qH;k ½HI;jcif;
(2) ypön;f rsm;(odYk ) ¤if;ypön;f rsm;tm; toHk;jyKEdi
k frIqkH;½H;I jcif;
(3) tqdy
k goufa&mufrIcH&onfh
jynfor
l sm;taejzifh
tjcm;ae&modYk
a&TUajymif;&onfjzpfap?ra&TUajymif;&onfjzpfap¤if;wdkY\0ifaiGt
&if;tjrpfrsm;(odYk )toufarG;0rf;aMumif;vkyfief;rsm;xdc
d u
dk fqkH;½H;I
jcif;ponfwkdYjzpfygonf/¤if;onfrnfonfb
h @ma&;&mt&if;tjrpf
udt
k oH;k jyKonfjzpfapqE´tavQmufr[kwa
f omajrodrf;qnf;jcif;
udjk zpfaponfhpDrHue
d f;vkyfief;rsm;tm;vH;k tay:oufa&mufrI&o
Sd nf/
þrl0g't&a&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;rI vkyfief;tpDtpOf(odYk ) oufa&mufrI
cH&onfjh ynfor
l sm;tm;¤if;wdkYtwGufa&G;cs,f&efenf;vrf;rsm;?tcGit
fh a&;rsm;
ESifh
ywfoufí
vrf;rsm;
today;jcif;?
urf;vSrf;jcif;?
tMuHjyKaqG;aEG;wdkifyifjcif;?
enf;ynmqdi
k f&mESifh
a&G;cs,f
pD;yGm;a&;qdi
k f&m
enf;
vufawGU
usaoma&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;rItjcm;enf;vrf;rsm;?¤if;wdkY\a&TUajymif;ae&mcs
xm;rIESiy
fh pön;f qH;k ½HI;rIrsm;twGuftjynft
h 0umrdonfhepfemaMu;rsm;xda&muf
jrefqefpGmjznfq
h nf;jcif;? Edi
k fiHwumwefz;dk owfrSwr
f I pHowfrSwc
f sufrsm;ESifh
enf;Oya'rsm;ponfrsm;twGufenf;vrf;rsm;yg0ifaoma&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;
jcif; rl0g'rlabmifukd aiGacs;,lor
l S aqmif&Guw
f ifjy&ef vdt
k yfygonf/
ajr,mESify
h pön;f qHk;½HI;rIrsm;twGuf
trsKd;om;
Oya'onf
epfemaMu;qdi
k f&m
tvm;o@mef
OP
a&TUajymif;p&dwf
\
4.12
wlnr
D I&Sy
d gonf/
epfemaMu;ESifh
t&
ypönf;qHk;½H;I &rIrsm;twGuf
ta&;ygonfh
odYk aomf
OP
ywfoufonfh
4.12
enf;Oya'rsm;ESifh
onf
ydr
k í
dk
tao;
pdwa
f zmfjycsufrsm; yg0ifNyD; trsKd;om;Oya'wGif rawGU&onfh tjcm; vdt
k yf
csufrsm;vnf;
tpDtpOf
jynfot
l m;
yg0ifygonf/
Oyrm-
jyifqifaqmif&Gujf cif;?
today;
uGm[csufrsm;&Sa
d eygu
a&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;rI
tMuHjyKaqG;aEG;wdkifyifjcif;ESifh
aMujimjcif;ponfw
h dYk jzpfygonf/
þ LRPF yg
azmfjycsufrsm;ESifh
vkyfiefး
trsm;
þpDrHue
d f;t&
OP 4.12
rsm;t&
OD;pm;ay;aqmif&Guo
f Gm; ygonf/ LAAP wGif ta&;udpörsm;jzpfay:Edi
k fonfh
oufa&mufrIrsm;ESifh qufEG,o
f nfh tao;pdwf uGm[csufrsm;udk azmfjyNyD;
OP 4.12 ESifh tjynft
h 0uku
d fna
D p&ef uGm[csufrsm;tm; jznfq
h nf;Edi
k frnfh
aqmif&Gur
f Itao;pdwftqifr
h sm;udk jznfq
h nf;ay;ygrnf/
(i)
tvm;tvm&So
d nfh oufa&mufrIESifh ab;tEÅ&m,ftwdi
k f;twm
t"duusonfh
pDrHue
d f;\
oufa&mufrIcH&ol
(PAP)
trsm;pkrSm
ti,fpm; vkyfukdifaqmif&Guo
f l awmifor
l sm; jzpfygonf/ þpDrHue
d f;t&
ajr,m^ypön;f odrf;,lcH&olrsm;rSma,bl,stm;jzifq
h nfajrmif;ESifha&EIwa
f jrmif;
tajccHtaqmufttHr
k sm;jyefvnfxa
l xmifjcif;ESifhajr,mzGUH NzdK;a&;prf;oyftpD
tpOfrsm;rSwdku½
f kduftusKd;cHpm;&rnfo^
l yg0ifaqmif&Guc
f Gifh&o
Sd lrsm;omjzpfyg
onf/
>cif;csuftaejzifh
t"duESifh
Secondary
wl;ajrmif;rsm;
jyefvnf
xlaxmifjcif;\oufa&mufrIcH&onfhyk*¾vu
d ypön;f ydi
k fqkdifor
l sm;wGifawmifor
l
[kwo
f lrsm;vnf;yg0ifEdi
k fNyD;¤if;wdkYtaejzifp
h DrHue
d f;rStusKd;cHpm;&rnfr[kwa
f y?
odYk aomfþpDrHudef;t& ,if;odYk tjzpf tysufrsm;trsm;tjym;jzpfEi
kd fajcr&Sy
d g/
pDrHudef;jyifqifa&;umvtwGif;aqmif&Guc
f o
Jh nfhvr
l Ia&;&mtuJjzwf
csuft&
tcsKdUaomArmvlrsKd;r[kwo
f nfh awmifor
l sm; pDrHue
d f;{&d,mtwGif;wnf&NSd yD;
pDrHudef;wGifyg0if rI&Sa
d omf vnf; trsm;pkrSm ArmvlrsKd;rsm;omjzpfygonf/
wdi
k f;&if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;ESifhtrsKd;orD;OD;aqmifaomtao;pm;vkyfief;rdom;pk
rsm;tm; txl;tav;ay;aqmif&Gur
f nfjzpfonf/
þpDrHue
d f;t&BuD;rm;onfy
h k*¾vu
d ajrodrf;,ljcif;rsKd;jzpfEi
dk facsr&Sy
d g/
þpDrHue
d f;taejzifh vuf&Sd wnfae&m wavQmuf&Sd 40000 ha yg0ifonfh
vuf&q
Sd nfajrmif;ESifha&Ekyfajrmif;tajccHtaqmufttHr
k sm;jyefvnfxlaxmif
a&;aqmif&Gufygrnf/tdrfaxmifpkrsm;?½kyfyi
dk f;qdi
k f&ma&TUajymif;&jcif;rsKd;arQmfrSef;
xm;jcif;r&Sy
d g/aus;&Gmwd;k csJUpifwmrsm;udE
k i
dk fiHawmfydi
k fajryHkwGifwnfaqmufyg
rnf/qnfrsm;\ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ydr
k a
dk umif;rGefap&efaqmif&Gufygrnf/qnf
rsm;\ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ydr
k da
k umif;rGefap&efaqmif&Gu&
f mwGifvnf;qnfrsm;\
ud,
k fxnfESify
h wfoufíjyifqifa&;vkyfief;rsm;udo
k mtuefYtowfESia
fh qmif
&Gufrnfjzpfonf/ajr,mqH;k ½HI;rI(odYk )ajr,mtoH;k jyKcGiq
fh H;k ½HI;rI(odYk )0ifaiGqkH;½H;I rI
&v'frsm;jzpfay:aprnfr[kwy
f g/,m,Dajr,mae&m,ltoH;k jyKrIrsm;twwfEdi
k f
qH;k a&Smif&Sm;Edi
k f&efwnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;trsm;pkukdoD;ESH
&moDrsm;wGifom
aqmif&Guy
f grnf/
aus;&Gmwd;k csJUpifwm
pdu
k fysKd;rIr&So
d nfh
(VEC)
trsm;jynfoy
l di
k f (EdkifiHydi
k f)ajrrsm;wGifom aqmufvy
k f rnfjzpfygonf/
rsm;udk
zGUJ pnf;yHp
k DrHcefYcGr
J Iwm0ef0wå&mrsm;(tpd;k &(odYk )&yf&Gm)?oufa&mufrIt
wdi
k f;twmrsm;?¤if;wdkY\oufa&mufrIESif&
h if;ES;D jr§KyfEr
SH Itwdkif;twmudq
k H;k jzwf
aqmif&GuE
f di
k fonfhoufa&mufcH&olrsm;\t&nftaoG;?oufa&mufcH&olrsm;t
aejzif&
h if;ES;D jr§KyfESr
H Irsm;rSwdu
k f½u
dk fESifjh rifomonfhtusKd;aus;Zl;&&Sjd cif;&S^
d r&Sp
d o
nft
h csufrsm;tay:tajccHíajr,modrf;,ljcif;ESiy
hf pönf;qHk;½H;I rIrsm;udkus,fjyefY
onft
h rsKd;tpm;(2)rsK;dtjzpfcGjJ cm;Edi
k fygonf/yxrtrsKd;tpm;wGift"dupepf
wl;ajrmif;rsm;(PrimaryESifhSecondary)wdk;wufaumif;rGefapjcif;rSjzpfay:vmonfh
oufa&mufrIrsm;yg0ifygonf/oufa&mufcH&onfjh ynfor
l sm;taejzifhuefYowf
jcif;r&Sb
d J pDrHue
d f;\ wdu
k f½du
k ftusKd;cHpm;cGi&
fh o
Sd lrsm; (odYk ) WUG tzGUJ 0ifrsm;
tjzpfyg0ifygonf/tcsKdUaomawmifolr[kwo
f lrsm;vnf;xdcdu
k frI&E
Sd i
dk fygonf/
'kw,
d trsKd;tpm;wGifajr,mzGUH NzdK;a&;prf;oyftpDtpOfESifhpyfvsOf;aomouf
a&mufrIrsm;yg0ifygonf/tqdy
k gtrsKd;tpm;twGufoufa&mufrIcH&onfhjynfol
rsm;tm;vH;k rSmpDrHue
d f;\tusKd;cHpm;&olrsm;ESihfWUGtzGUJ 0ifrsm;jzpfygonf/okdY
aomftcsdKUaomawmifor
l sm;taejzifa
h &TUajymif;rIukefusp&dwt
f &epfemaMu;jzifh
prf;oyftpDtpOfwi
G fryg0if&efa&G;cs,faumif;a&G;cs,fEi
dk fygonf/prf;oyfajr
,mzHUG NzdK;a&;pDrHue
d f;e,fowfrSwfrsOf;twGif;&Sa
d jr,m(odYk )ypön;f ydkifqkdifor
l sm;
omvQifoufa&mufrI&Sy
d grnf/
t"dupepfrsm; (Primary ESifh Secondary wl;ajrmif;rsm;)
pDrHudef;taejzifv
h uf&Sw
d nfae&mwavQmuf&w
Sd nf&SNd yD;
Primary
ESifh
Secondarywl;ajrmif;trsm;pkukdjyefvnfxlaxmifa&;aqmif&Guy
f grnf/
aqmif&Gur
f nfv
h kyfief;rsm;wGif
vuf&Sdt"du
Conveyance
rsm;
a&pD;qif;rI
xdef;csKyfjcif;ESifE
h kef;wifjcif;pDrHcefYcr
GJ Ipepfrsm;?qnfajrmif;?a&Ekyfajrmif;pepfrsm;
\(desiltation)tumtuG,jf zpfaomrsufESmjyifrsm;\aemufcHjznfq
h nf;rIjzifhwr
efrsm;cdi
k frmtm;aumif;apjcif; (wdu
k fpm;rIESifh qifajcavQm rwnfNidrfrIrsm;rS)
wnfaqmufrIESif*
h dwr
f sm;jyifqifaqmif&Gujf cif;ponfhjyefvnfxa
l xmifa&;vkyf
ief;rsm;
yg0ifygonf/
rsm;tm;&Sif;vif;&efESifh
wcsKdUaom
{&d,mrsm;wGif
a&vQHjcif;jyóemrsm;
a&Ekyfajrmif;wl;ajrmif;
wm;qD;^
avsmhcsEdkif&ef
aqmif&GuE
f di
k frnfjzpfovdkqnfajrmif;? wl;ajrmif;rsm;twGif; EHk;wifjcif;rsm;udk
wm;qD;&efvnf;aqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/vkyfief;rsm;tm;vH;k udkwnf½dSNyD;qnfajrmif;
pepfrsm;wGifomuefYowfaqmif&GufrnfjzpfNyD;wl;ajrmif;topfrsm;aqmufvy
k f
jcif;rjyKyg/wnf½SNd yD;wl;ajrmif;rsm;tenf;i,fjyefvnfcsdefnd§jcif;rsdK;vdt
k yfEdkif
aomfvnf;aqmif&Gur
f nhv
f kyfief;rsm;rSmtenf;i,faomtwdkif;twmomjzpfí
jyifytvkyform;trsm;tjym;vdt
k yfrnfr[kwfyg/tvm;tvm½Sdaomouf
a&mufrIrsm;wGifyk*¾vu
d ydi
k fajrqH;k ½IH;rItenf;i,fESihfwl;ajrmif;wavQmuf½o
Sd pf
yifrsm;?wnfaqmufrIrsm;ESihfjcHpnf;½d;k rsm;ponhw
f nf½NSd yD;yk*¾vduypön;f rsm;t
uefYtowfjzihq
f H;k ½IH;rIrsm;rSmwl;ajrmif;rsm;tao;pm;jyefvnfcsdefnd§jcif;ESihft
oH;k jyKvrf;rsm;wnfaqmufjcif;rsm;aMumihjf zpfay:Edi
k fygonf/pDrHue
d f;rSwkdu½
f kduf
tusdK;aus;Zl;tjzpfqnfa&ydr
k da
k umif;rGefpGmtoH;k jyKEdi
k frnhf
awmifor
l sm;tjyif
awmifor
l [kwfor
l sm;taejzihv
f nf;wl;ajrmif;wrefrsm;wavQmufESiht
f oH;k jyK
vrf;wnfaqmufonha
f e&mrsm;½Sdyk*¾vu
d ypönf;qH;k ½IH;rIrsm;½SdEi
dk fygonf/xdYk t
jyifprimarywl;ajrmif;rsm;jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;rS xdcu
dk fEki
d fonha
f wmifor
l sm;wGif
pDrHudef;\jyefvnfxa
l xmifrIwi
G fyg0ifonhf
Secondary
wl;ajrmif;rS
a&&½Sdol
rsm;r[kwfygu¤if;wkdY\qnfa&&½Sr
d ItajctaerSmpDrHudef;\&v'faMumihfodom
pGmwd;k wufaumif;rGefrnfr[kwy
f g/
Primary
ESihf
Secondary
wl;ajrmif;rsm;
jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;aMumiho
f ufa&mufrIcH&olrsm;onfaiGom;(okYd )trsdK;tpm;
tm;jziha
f jr,m^ypön;f qH;k ½IH;rIrsm;twGufwefz;dk avsmhEIef;jzihr
f [kwy
f Ja&TUajymif;rI
ukefusp&dwt
f &epfemaMu;&½Sdygrnf/taumiftxnfazmfa&;tzGUJ tpnf;jzpf
onhf
MOAI
onf ¤if;ukefusp&dwr
f sm;udk umrdap&ef aqmif&Gu&
f rnf/
ajr,mzGUH NzdK;a&;
ajr,mzGUH NzdK;a&;prf;oyftpDtpOfonfawmifor
l sm;ydi
k fqkdifonhfv,f,m
ajrrsm;jyefvnfcsdefnd§jcif;ESihfjyefvnfpDpOfjcif;vkyfief;rsm;?toH;k jyKvrf;rsm;w
nfaqmufjcif;?a&pD;ajrmif;rsm;ESia
hf &EIwfajrmif;rsm;jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;ponfh
vkyfief;rsm;tm;yHy
h d;k oGm;ygrnf/ taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gup
f OfumvtwGif
prf;oyfae&m2^3ae&mcefYa&G;cs,fowfrSwí
f qnfa&&½Sr
d Iaumif;rGefap&efpDrH
udef;rSaqmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/prf;oyfae&mrsm;\jyifywGifrnfonhw
f nfaqmuf
a&;vkyfief;rQaqmif&Gur
f nfr[kwy
f g/ tqdy
k gvkyfief;rsm;wGif wl;ajrmif;rsm;?
a&Ekyfajrmif;rsm;ESihfv,f,mvrf;rsm;jyefvnfcsdefnd§jcif;ESiha
f jratmufyu
dk fvkdif;
rsm;?
v,fajrwHwm;rsm;ESihf
tcsdKUae&mrsm;wGif
Water division box
rsm;ponhf
wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;yg0ifygonf/ owfrSwfxm;onha
f e&mrsm; jyify½Sd
rnfow
l pfOD;wpfa,mufrQajr,mzGUH NzdK;a&;prf;oyftpDtpOf\oufa&mufrIcH&
jcif;½Sr
d nfr[kwy
f Jprf;oyfae&mrsm;\jyify½SdajrtcsdKUwGifwnfaqmufa&;puf
ypön;f ESiy
hf pön;f rsm;xm;od&
k ef,m,Dae&m,laqmif&Gu&
f jcif;rsdK;½Sdaumif;½SE
d i
dk fyg
onf/tdrfaxmifpkrsm;½kyfydi
k f;qki
d f&ma&TUajymif;&jcif;rsdK; arQmfrSef;&jcif;r½Sy
d g/
vuf½Sv
d kyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;t&yg0ifonhfawmifor
l sm;taejzih¤
f if;wdkYt
csif;csif;Mum;ndE
§ di
I f;aqmif&Gu&
f efjzpfNyD;ajr,mydr
k q
dk H;k ½IH;olrsm;twGut
f jcm;awm
ifor
l sm;rSaiGom;(okYd )trsdK;tpm;
epfemaMu;ay;jcif;rsdK;aqmif&Guf&efjzpfonf/
xdYk tjyifowfrSwx
f m;onfa
h jr,mzGUH NzdK;a&;ae&mrsm;½Sdawmifor
l sm;tm;vH;k onf
awmifolrsm;tcsif;csif;tjyeftvSeftultnDay;jcif;ESihy
f wfoufíoabmwl
nDcsuf&&S&
d efvkdtyfNyD;tcsKdUaomv,f,majrrsm;jyefvnfpDpOfjcif;udkajr,mzGUH
NzdK;a&;taumiftxnfazmfjcif;rpwifrDaqmif&GufEdi
k fonf/xdkYtjyifajr,mzGUH
NzdK;a&;&v'faMumifa
h wmifow
l pfOD;OD;rS¤if;wdYk qnfa&aomufajr 10%xufyí
dk
qH;k ½HI;jcif;rsKd;&Sy
d guajr,mzGUH NzdK;rIvkyfief;udkcGijfh yKrnfr[kwy
f g/
tqdy
k genf;vrf;t&atmufygenf;ynmqdi
k f&m jyóemrsm;udk jzpfapaMumif;
awGU&onf/ (yHk 2 wGif Munf&
h ef)
(u)
rnfonfhawmifor
l Qqnfa&aomufajr
10%
xufyí
dk rqH;k ½HI;&qdk
onfv
h dt
k yfcsufonfodomonfe
h nf;ynmqdi
k f&mpdefac:rIrsm;(odYk )
wnfae&m?
ajrtaetxm;^tjcm;tajctaersm;
tay:rlwnfí
ajr,mzGUH NzdK;rI vkyfief;rsm;tm; enf;apjcif;rsKd;jzpfEi
dk fygonf/
(c)
enf;ynmtrSm;t,Gif;rsm;aMumifhajr,mzGUH NzdK;a&;tpDtpOfrsm;
trSefwu,faqmif&Guo
f nft
h cg
tcsKdUaom
awmifor
l sm;taejzifh
qnfa&aomufajr 10%xufyí
dk
qH;k ½HI;jcif;rsKd;jzpfEi
dk fygonf/
(*)
vdt
k yfcsufwpf&yfjzpfaomajr,mzGUH NzdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm;rpwifrSD
awmifor
l sm;tm;vH;k rSepfemaMu;ESify
h wfoufíoabmwlnc
Dd sufESiy
fh r
dk dk
aumif;rGefaomv,fuu
G frsm;jyefvnfpDpOfjcif;rsm;udo
k abmwlaqmif
&Gu&
f rnfqdo
k nft
h csufonf odomonfMh uefYMumrIukdjzpfapEdi
k fonf/
(C)
awmifor
l sm;Mum;oufa&mufrIrsm;tm;tenf;qHk;odkYaqmif&Gua
f vsmh
cs&efndE
§ di
I f;rIrsm;onfa'oqdi
k f&mvlrIpD;yGm;a&;jzpfysufajymif;vJrIrsm;
aMumifr
h QwíyGifv
h if;jrifomaom&v'frsm;tNrJwrf;&SE
d i
dk frnfr[kwy
f g/
tqdy
k gpdefac:rIrsm;uda
k jz&Sif;Edi
k f&efpDrHue
d f;taejzifhajr,mzGUH NzdK;a&;prf;oyftpD
tpOfrsm;udt
k qdy
k gajr,mrsm;\e,fowfrsOf;rsm;twGif;&Sa
d wmifot
l csKdUrSjyef
vnfulnjD cif;ESify
h wfoufívnf;aumif;?v,f,majrjyefvnfpDpOfjcif;yHp
k Hukd
vnf;aumif;?tcsKdUawmifor
l sm;taejzifo
h abmrwlcv
Jh QifawmifrSoufa&mufrI
rsm;tm;a&GUajymif;wefzdk;rsm;twdi
k f;epfemaMu;ay;jcif;ESifhþ LRPF ygrl0g'rsm;?
vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;ESifh udu
k fnr
D I&y
Sd gu ajr,mzGUH NzdK;a&; prf;oyftpDtpOfukd
taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guo
f Gm;rnfjzpfonf/qdv
k do
k nfrSmtcsKdUawmifol
rsm;taejzifh prf;oyftpDtpOfwi
G f ryg0if&ef a&G;cs,fjcif;udk cGijfh yKxm;NyD;
¤if;wdkYajrudk WUG odYk tenf;qHk; a&GUajymif;wefz;dk ESiw
fh lnDonfh wefz;dk (1)ckESifh
WUG
odYk a&mif;cscGifjh yKygonf/
xdYk tjyifpDrHudef;taejzifhawmifor
l sm;
¤if;wdkY\qnfa&aomufv,fajr10%xufyí
dk (15%xufrausmf)qH;k ½HI;onfh
ae&mrsm;wGifyifatmufygtajctaersm;üajr,mzGUH NzdK;a&;prf;oyftpDtpOfukda
qmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/
(1)
oufa&mufrIcH&onfa
h wmifor
l sm;rStjcm;awmifor
l sm;\tultnDjzifh
wk;d csJU&ef oabmwljcif;/
(2)
prf;oyftpDtpOf\
enf;ynmtpdwy
f i
dk f;rsm;t&
0ifaiGqkH;½H;I rIonf
oD;ES&
H moD(2)cktwGif;xkwu
f kefwkd;wufjcif;tm;jzift
h jynft
h 0jyefvnf
umrdEdi
k fajc&Sjd cif;/
(3)
oufa&mufrIcH&onfa
h wmifor
l sm;taejzifhoD;ESHESpf&moDtwGif;
0ifaiGjyefvnfumrdjcif;r&Sa
d omfvnf;0ifaiGtaxmuftyHv
h ufcH&&Sr
d I&Sd
jcif;ponfwkdYjzpfonf/ oD;jcm; Third Party 0efaqmifrItzGUJ tpnf; rS
ulny
D Hy
h d;k onfh yg0ifaqmif&Guc
f Gi&
fh a
Sd om SA taejzifh WUG rsm;tm;
tajccH0ifaiGtqif?h 0ifaiG umrdjcif;? tajctaetm; ppfaq;rnfh
yg0ifaqmif&Gur
f I&Sa
d om
ppfaq;jcif;
&Sa
d omvkyfenf;?
M
&
vkyfief;pOfrsm;ESifh
vkyf[efrsm;
E
tygt0if
ywfoufí
pDrHue
d f;avhvm
yg0ifaqmif&Gur
f I
xlaxmifEi
dk f&efyy
Hh ;dk ulnDomG ;ygonf/
oD;jcm;
Third
Pary
tzGUJ tpnf;onf
oufa&mufrIcH&aom
awmifor
l sm;xHokdYud,
k fwkdifui
G f;qif;oGm;a&mufítjcm;awmifor
l sm;&Sd
raeonft
h csdefwi
G ftjcm;awmifor
l sm;xHrStultnDtm;qE´tavsmuf
vufcHjcif;jzpfaMumif;
aocsmap&eftwnfjyK&rnf/
WUG
rsm;
zGUJ pnf;&efawmifor
l sm;tm;tultnDay;&rnfjzpfNyD;yg0ifaqmif&Gur
f I
&Sa
d om
vkyfief;pOfrsm;twGuf
oD;jcm; Third Party tzGUJ tpnf;\
yHy
h d;k ulnDrIjzifa
h qmif&Gu&
f efESifhawmifot
l csif;csif;Mum;
oufa&mufrI
tenf;qH;k avsmhcsEdi
k f&ef aqmif&Gu&
f rnf/
pDrHudef;onftaumiftxnfazmfpOfumvtwGif;vuf&v
Sd kyfxkH;vkyfenf;
rsm;\tm;omcsufESifh
tm;enf;csufrsm;
tao;pdwa
f vhvmprf;ppfrItay:
tajccHíajr,mzGUH NzdK;a&;prf;oyftpDtpOftwGuf
tao;pdwf
yg0ifaom
tqifr
h sm;ESife
h nf;ynmqdi
k f&mowfrSwc
f sufabmifrsm;udjk yKpkaqmif&Guy
f g
rnf/ajr,mzGUH NzdK;a&;prf;oyftpDtpOfESifhoufa&mufrIrsm;tm;avsmhcsEdi
k f&ef
tao;pdwfaqmif&Gur
f nfhtqifr
h sm;udktqdy
k genf;ynmqdi
k f&mowfrSwf
abmifrsm;?
tao;pdwftcsufrsm;?
aqmif&Gur
f nfjzpfNyD;
azmfjyxm;&Sy
d grnf/
LAPP
ponfrsm;jzifh
pDrHue
d f;vkyfief;vrf;ñTef
(OM)
udu
k fnp
D Gm
wGifvnf;
jrefrmEdi
k fiH&Sd ajr,mzGUH NzdK;a&; (LI) pDrHue
d f;tqifr
h sm;
Step Current procedures
1
Identification of the potential LI site
Implementing
Weaknesses identified
agency
SLRD/ID
4
5
6
No change is required
Expression of interest to a farm community in LI
project and preliminary agreement with land users
SLRD
The LI practices, community
participation and public displays
are not established. They vary
from place to place
Establish clear guidelines for all
processes and share them with village
communities approached for LI
project before the start of the project
Checking of the existing land user right (LUR)
certificates that are based on the cadastral Queen
Maps. All land users shall have LUR certificates
before the start of the project. The land improvement
projects are not implemented in the areas with existing
land conflicts.
Preparation of the new cadastral maps with reshaped/realigned land parcel layouts, infrastructure
(water canals and farm access roads)
SLRD
LUR may be accurate
LUR be verified or reissued based on
steps 4 below
SLRD
Open meeting(s) with all land users participating in the
scheme (as long as it takes) to verify a new layout of
their land parcel(s), loss of land and how they should
be addressed (land donations or compensation). Land
donations are allowed only if scale of loss is less than
10% of the productive land holding. A written
agreement of all land users is required to move to the
next step
SLRD
Documentation of project impact, compensation
strategy, grievance redress and monitoring
mechanism, and other relevant information, their
disclosure, and stakeholder consultations
Preparation and issuance of new LUR certificates, new
cadastral maps, and new land revenue records
SLRD (?)
Start of the civil works
ID/AMD
Old Queen Maps are not reliable to Use the modern equipment and
produce new maps and issue new software to produce new Queen maps
LUR certificates
and LUR certificates, of which the
accuracy will be verified by land
users.
- No procedures for compensation - Develop the procedures for
if land > 10% has to be acquired
compensation of land above the
agreed threshold
- Unclear procedure for public
- Publicly display all information
display and consent
- Absence of the impartial dispute - Develop a clear dispute resolution
resolution mechanism
mechanism including the timeline
before which farmers consent should
be established
- No documentation is required,
- A resettlement plan will be
disclosed or consulted with
developed, disclosed and consulted
stakeholders
with stakeholders in line with
international good practice
- Grievance redress/ dispute
- Grievance redress/ dispute
resolution mechanism is not
resolution mechanism will be
required to provide the avenue for established with the participation of
disputes over LUC certification
WUG prior to LUC issuance.
- No other change is required except
to build on step 4
- It is not clearly required that
- Compensation, if it has to be
compensation has to be paid
provided, has to be paid before civil
before civil works commence
works start
- It is not clearly required that
- Grievance redress/ monitoring
grievance redress/ monitoring
mechanism will be established before
mechanisms should be established compensation payment commences in
before compensation payment
line with the resettlement plan.
commence
2
3
Proposed procedure
SLRD
7
8
þpDrHue
d f;t&aqmif&Gufrnftjcm;vkyfief;rsm;taejzifv
h nf;yk*¾vu
d ajr
(odYk ) ypön;f qH;k ½HI;rIrsm; jzpfay:ap EdkifzG,fr&Sy
d g/ odYk aomf aumif;rGefpGm
taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gur
f IrsKd;r&Sdygua'ocHjynfor
l sm;tay:xdcu
dk fEdi
k f
onfo
h ufa&mufrIrsm;jzpfEdi
k fonfhtvm;tvm&Sy
d gonf/
vmrnft
h cef;rsm;wGiftqdy
k gtvm;tvmESifh
ywfoufí
azmfjyrnfjzpfNyD;
þpDrHue
d f;t&yHy
h d;k rnfw
h nfaqmufa&;vkyfief;trsKd;tpm;wpfckpDtvdu
k fESifh
tqdy
k gtvm;tvmrsm;tm;rnfokdYpDrHcefYca
GJ &Smif&Sm;&rnfqkdonft
h csufrsm;
udv
k nf; azmfjyygrnf/
awmifor
l sm;ydi
k fqkdifípDrHcefYca
GJ ompepfrsm;
(Tertiary
wl;ajrmif;ESifa
h &Ekyfajrmif;rsm;? a&pD;ajrmif;rsm; )
þpDrHue
d f;onfqnfajrmif;ESifha&Ekyfajrmif;pepfrsm;\awmifolyi
dk fqkdifípD
rHcefYca
GJ eaomtydi
k f;rsm;zGUH NzdK;wdk;wufa&;vkyfief;rsm;jzpfonfv
h ,fajrtcsKdU
tm;jznfq
h nf;onfa
h &vrf;aMumif;rsm;?wl;ajrmif;i,frsm;ESifa
h jratmufvkdif;?
Boxestm;jyifqifonfhvy
k fief;rsm;udk
yHy
h ;dk oGm;ygrnf/
tqdy
k gwnfaqmuf
a&;vkyfief;rsm;ESify
h wfoufípDpOfjcif;?yHkpHjyKjcif;rsm;udq
k nfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme
\enf;ynmtultnDjzifa
h wmifor
l sm;ud,
k fwkdifaqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/ oD;jcm;
Third Party tzGUJ tpnf;onf
tvm&Sa
d om
tqdy
k gvkyfief;
tusKd;chp
H m;&rnfh
pOfESiy
fh wfoufí
awmifor
l sm;\
tvm;
tMum;nd§Ei
dI f;rIrsm;tm;
yHy
h ;dk uln&
D ygrnf/
rnfonfhajr,modrf;qnf;jcif;(odYk )tdrfaxmifpkrsm;½kyfyi
dk f;qdkif&ma&TU
ajymif;&jcif;rsm;
oufqkdif&m
vdt
k yfrnf
r[kwy
f g/
a&pD;ajrmif;,lepfrsm;&Sd
odYk aomf WUG rsm;rS
a&G;cs,fwifjyvmonfh
¤if;wdkY\
qnfajrmif;
jyóemrsm;uda
k jz&Sif;Edi
k f&eftao;pm;jyefvnfcsdefn§djcif;rsm;?e,fajrwd;k csJU
jcif;ESifa
h jr,mtoHk;jyKrItajymif;tvJrsm;ponfvkyfief;rsm;yg0ifEi
dk fygonf/
a&pD;ajrmif;tqifv
h ,f,majr
qnfajrmif;vkyfief;rsm;
aqmif&Guo
f nft
h ao;pm;vkyfief;trsKd;tpm;rsm;ESifh WUG
wd;k wufap&ef
tzGUJ 0if
rsm;rS
a&G;cs,fwifjyonfjh yóemrsm; tay: rlwnfaomfvnf; a,bl,stm;jzifh
ajratmufydu
k fvdkif;rsm;?wl;ajrmif;rsm;ESia
hf jrmif;rsm;jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;?
vrf;aMumif;rsm;
wnfaqmufjcif;?
a&pD;ajrmif;rsm;
oefY&Sif;jcif;ESifh
awmifor
l sm; ydi
k fqkdifonfh v,f,majrrsm;twGif; wl;ajrmif;ESia
fh jrmif;rsm;
topfwl;azmfjcif;wdkYyg0ifEdi
k fygonf/vkyfief;rsm;tm;vH;k eD;yg;udkawmifol
rsm;ud,
k fwkdif
aqmif&Gu&
f rnf
jzpfNyD;
ID
rS
yHy
h ;dk ulnE
D i
dk fygonf/
tqdy
k gwnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;taejzifhwnf&SNd yD;v,fuu
G frsm;
jyefvnfpDpOfaqmif&Gujf cif;omjzpfív,fuu
G ftcif;tusif;\usKd;aMumif;
qDavsmfonft
h ao;pm;jyKjyifrGrf;rHrIrsm;omjzpfapEdi
k fNyD;ajr,mydi
k fqkdifrIESifh
v,fuu
G frsm;\e,fowfrsOf;rsm;tay:oufa&mufrIr&Sy
d g/
tusKd;cHpm;rnfa
h wmifor
l sm;rS pdu
k fysKd;a&;twGuf vuf&t
Sd oH;k jyKae onfh
tvGefao;i,faom
v,f,majr
ajrmif;rsm;ESifv
h rf;aMumif;rsm;tjzpf
awmifor
l sm;rS
yrmPomvQif
wl;ajrmif;rsm;?
ajymif;vJrnfjzpfovdk
,if;udv
k nf;
a&G;cs,faqmif&Gur
f nfjzpfonf/
tu,fí
¤if;wdYk u
tqdy
k gvkyfief;rsm;uda
k qmif&Gu&
f efa&G;cs,fygutqdy
k gvkyfief;rsm;aqmif
&Gu&
f ef
tcsKdUaom
wnfaqmufrIrsm;tm;
yk*¾vu
d ydi
k fypön;f
rsm;jzpfonfh
z,f&Sm;&efvkdtyfEi
dk fonf/
opfyifrsm;ESifh
awmifolrsm;taejzifh
¤if;wdkYydi
k fqkdifonfhv,fuu
G frsm;\tpdwt
f ydi
k f;tjzpfjyefvnfpDpOfxm;onfh
v,fuu
G frsm;twGif;
wnfaqmufxm;aom
wl;ajrmif;rsm;?
ajrmif;rsm;?
vrf;rsm;tm; qufvufydi
k fqkdif pDrHcefYc&
GJ rnfjzpfonf/
v,fuu
G frsm;tm;jyefvnfpDrHcefYco
GJ nfhykHpHay:rlwnfípdu
k fysKd;a&;twGuf
awmifor
l sm;toH;k jyKEdi
k fonfhajrt&G,t
f pm;tenf;i,favsmhenf;oGm;rI&E
Sd i
dk f
ovd0
k ifaiG,m,Dxc
d du
k frIvnf;&SE
d i
dk fygonf/odkYaomftusKd;cHpm;cGi&
fh o
Sd nfh
awmifor
l sm;ud,
k fwkdifpDrHcefYco
GJ nfq
h nfa&&&Sr
d Iyr
dk w
dk d;k wufaumif;rGefvm
jcif;jzift
h qdy
k g,m,D0ifaiGqH;k ½I;rI
yrmPxuf
ydr
k &
dk &Sdvmrnfjzpfygonf/
awmifop
l DrHcefYcGo
J nfp
h epfrsm;twGuf aqmif&Guo
f nfv
h kyfief;rsm;NyD;pD;ygu
oD;ES&
H moD (1)odYk (2) &moDumvtwGif; ukefxw
k fvy
k frI umrdonfxuf
ydr
k o
dk nfy
h rmP&Sv
d mrnf[a
k rQmfvify
h gonf/oD;jcm; third party tzGUJ tpnf;
rsm;taejzifa
h wmifor
l sm;tm;ulno
D Gm;rnfjzpfovdkawmifor
l sm;Mum;tqdy
k g
,m,D0ifaiGqkH;½H;I rIrsm;avQmhcsEdi
k fa&;twGuv
f nf;yHy
h ;dk oGm;ygrnf/tu,fí
awmifor
l sm;taejzifhjyefvnftultnDay;rIrSwpfqift
h jcm;awmifor
l sm;t
ay:usa&mufonfq
h d;k usKd;oufa&mufrIrsm;udkavsmhcsrnfhenf;vrf;ESify
h wf
oufíoabmwlnc
D sufr&&Sy
d gupDrHue
d f;tm;taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf
rnfr[kwy
f g/xdYk aMumifh
OP
4.12onf
tqdy
k gwl;ajrmif;trsKd;tpm;
twGujf zpfaprnfr[kwy
f g/pDrHue
d f;a&;qGJpOfrSpíaqmufvy
k fa&;vkyfief;rsm;
NyD;pD;NyD; 2 vMumonftxdoD;jcm; third PartytzGJUtpnf;onf pDrHue
d f;
ae&mrsm;odYk tenf;qHk;wpfvwpfcgoGm;a&mufíawmifor
l sm;\oabmwlnD
csuftm;rnfokdY&&Sdtaumiftxnfazmfonfuka
d vhvmoabmwlnc
D suftm;
rnfokdY
&&St
d aumiftxnfazmfonfudk
avhvmppfaq;&efESifh
LRPF \
yl;wG(J 3)ygyHp
k HukdtoH;k jyKíawmifor
l sm;\vkyfief;tpDtpOftrsKd;tpm;rsm;
oufa&mufrI
twdkif;twmESifh
¤if;wdkYtm;
avsmhcs&ef
rnfokdY
oabm
wlnc
D sufwnfaqmufonfponft
h csufrsm;udkrSww
f rf;wif&rnf/
txl;ojzifh oD;jcm; Third Party tzGUJ tpnf;onf atmufygwdYk udk pDppfí
awmifor
l sm;\ vkyfief;tpDtpOfwi
G f rSwfwrf;wif&rnf/
(1) awmifor
l sm;ydi
k fqkdifípDrHcefYco
GJ nfp
h epfrsm;&SdpDrHue
d f;aqmif&Gur
f Irsm;rS
wdu
k f½du
k ftusKd;cHpm;&rnfh oufa&mufrIcH&onfh jynfor
l sm;tm;vH;k ?
(2)awmifoy
l di
k fqkdifípDrHcefYco
GJ nfp
h epfrsm;&SdpDrHue
d f;taxmuftuljyK
zGUH NzdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGifyg0ifaqmif&Gu&
f ef jiif;qdkjcif;(odYk )ryg0if&ef
a&G;cs,fjcif;rsm;aqmif&Guc
f Gi&
fh a
Sd Mumif;oufa&mufcH&onfh
jynfor
l sm;tm;vH;k rSo&
d MSd ujcif;?(3)v,f,mpdu
k fuu
G frsm;jyefvnfpDpOf
jcif;(okYd )jyefvnftultnDay;jcif;qdkif&mowfrSwc
f sufrsm;twGufrnf
olwpfOD;wpfa,mufrSzdtm;ay;cH&jcif;r½SdaMumif;?(4)pDrHue
d f;vkyfief;
rsm;\enf;ynmtpdwt
f ydi
k f;rsm;t&qd;k usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;tm;oD;ESH
&moD(2)&moDtwGif;pDrHue
d f;\&v'ftjzpfwd;k vmonf0
h ifaiGyrmPrS
tjynht
f 0jyefvnfumrdEi
dk fjcif;½Sdr½SdponfwkdYjzpfonf/
39/ oabmwlnDcsuf&,lcJo
h nht
f pnf;ta0;rSww
f rf;rsm;udk awmifor
l sm;\
vkyfief;tpDtpOfESihftwl yl;wGJí
DI
rS ¤if;wkYd tm; zdi
k fwJGum urÇmb
h Pf\
usyef;oHk;oyfcsuftwGua
f qmif&Gu&
f rnf/yg0ifaqmif&Guc
f Gi½
hf Sdaomppfaq;t
uJjzwfjcif;rsm;udo
k ufa&mufrIcHjynfor
l sm;ESit
hf wl wGí
J aqmif&Gu&
f rnfjzpfNyD;
¤if;wdkYrS
epfemrIESihf
rauseyfcsufrsm;udk
enf;vrf;jziha
f qmif&GuE
f i
dk fonf/
tu,fíoD;ES&
H moD(2)&moDtwGif;xkwv
f kyfrIESifh0ifaiGqkH;½HI;rIrsm;jyefvnfumrd
jcif;r½SdygupDrHue
d f;rS ,m,D0ifaiGyy
Hh ;dk rIaqmif&Guy
f grnf/
aus;&Gmwkd;csJUynma&;pifwmrsm;ESihr
f sdK;aphxe
d f;odrf;odkavSmifjcif;?
wefz;dk xyfaqmif;vkyfief;pOft*Fg&yfrsm; (Value added)
vuf½Sw
d nfae&mrsm;twGif;½Sw
d nf½NSd yD;aus;&Gmwdk;csJUa&;pifwmrsm;?
jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;(odYk )topfwnfaqmufxm;onhp
f ifwmrsm;jyefvnfxl
axmifjcif; (okYd ) vuf½SE
d di
k fiHawmfydkifajray:½Sd tpd;k & taqmuftOD;rsm;tm;
jynhp
f a
Hk tmifjznhq
f nf;aqmif&Gufjcif;ponfrsm;udþ
k pDrHue
d f;rSaqmif&Guy
f g
rnf/
rnfonha
f jr,modrf;qnf;jcif;
(okYd )
toH;k jyKcGiq
hf H;k ½IH;jcif;rsdK;rQ
ay:aygufrnfr[kwy
f g/rsdK;aphokdavSmifjcif;ESihf wefz;dk xyfaqmifvy
k fief;pOfrsm;
twGuf yHy
h d;k rIt*Fg&yftenf;i,fuo
dk m &yf&Gm (okYd ) awmifolyi
dk fajray:wGif
aqmif&Guy
f grnf/tqdy
k gyHy
h d;k rIt*Fg&yfrsm;twGufae&majrtenf;i,fomvdktyf
rnfjzpfNyD;
,if;udv
k nf;
wdu
k f½dkuftusdK;cHpm;cGi½
hf dSol
tpktzGUJ rsm; (WUG
(okYd )trsdK;orD;tpktzGUJ )rStqdy
k gt*Fg&yfrsm;tm;¤if;wkdY\aus;&Gmrsm;wGifwnf
aqmuf&efa&G;cs,frSomvQifaqmif&Guy
f grnf/tqdy
k gaus;&GmcHpm;cGi½
fh dSol
tpktzGUJ rsm;tm;
þ
tqdy
k gt*Fg&yfrsm;twGuf
ae&majrvSL'gef;
LRPFygvkyfief;pOf?vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;pnf;rsOf;rsm;twdi
k f;
jcif;udv
k nf;
aqmif&Guy
f grnf/
qnfrsm;\ vHjk cHKa&;wd;k wufaumif;rGefap&ef vkyfief;rsm;
þpDrHue
d f;rStuJjzwfaqmif&Gux
f m;onhq
f nfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;okYd a&
jznhq
f nf;rnhq
f nf(4)ckESihy
f wfoufíjyifqifa&;umvtwGif;ab;uif;vHkjcHK
a&;qdi
k f&mavhvmrIaqmif&Gux
f m;csufrsm;\tMuHjyKcsufrsm;tay:tajccHípDrH
udef;\qnfajrmif;tpDtpOfrsm; a&&½SdEi
dk frnhq
f nfrsm;\vHjk cHKa&;ESif vkyfief;
aqmif&Gur
f Irsm;aumif;rGefwkd;wufap&eftcsdKUaomaqmufvy
k fa&;vkyfief;tcsdKU
uda
k qmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/taumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif;aqmif&Gur
f nhv
f uf
awGUjzpfxe
G f;Eki
d frIavhvmcsuftaejzihp
f DrHudef;rSaiGaMu;yHhy;dk rnha
f qmufvkyfa&;
vkyfief;rsm;\trsdK;tpm;ESify
h rmPudo
k wfrSwr
f nfjzpfNyD;¤if;wkYd wGif
atmufygrsm;yg0ifygonf/(1)
gullies
ESihf
jyifqifjcif;tygt0if wmwrHjyifqifjcif;?
a&Ekyfajrmif;qifajcavsmrsm;rGrf;rHjcif;?
a&wdu
k fpm;
Toe
Relief
rItayguf
rsm;
a&Ekyfajrmif;rsm; jyifqifjcif;?
Well
rsm;wyfqifjcif;?
wmwrHrsufESmjyif tumtuG,frsm; aumif;rGefapjcif;? xdyfpGef;rsm;
(crest)
udk
jAKef;tumaqmif&Gujf cif;?
wmwrHrsm;ESihf
(Srancelar
rsufESmjyifwkdif;wmonhf
rsm;wyfqifjcif;?
(2)
rsm;?
ab;eH&Hrsm;ESifh
rsm;?ab;eH&Hrsm;ESihf
baffle
tcsufjypepfrsm;?
wmwrHESihf
t&nftaoG;aumif;rGefapjcif;tygt0if
,dp
k drfhrIrsm;udw
k di
k f;wmonhf
Fill)?
avQmvdkif;rsm;
Pierometers
wayrsm;jyKjyifjcif;?
spill
rsm;
jyKjyifjcif:
baffle
block
block
rsm;jyKjyifjcif;?
\
(chute)
spillwat chutes
Spillway
chutes
Ekef;pDrHcefYcr
GJ Ivy
k fief;rsm;ESifh
qnfae&mrsm;okdh oGm;a&mufonfv
h rf;rsm;jyKjyifjcif; ponfwkdYyg0ifygonf/
ajrrsm; (okYd ) obm0t&if;tjrpftoH;k jyKrI (ig;zrf;jcif;)ponfrsm;tm;
oufa&mufrI½SE
d di
k fonhfvy
k fief;(okYd)tpDtpOfrsm;tm;aiGaMu;yHhy;dk rnfr[kwy
f g/
xdYk jyifa&avSmifuefrsm;pDrHcefYcjGJ cif;ESiy
hf wfoufívnf;ajymif;vJEi
dk f zG,r
f ½Sdyg/
xdYk aMumihy
f k*¾vu
d ydkifajrrsm;tm;xdcu
dk f^oufa&mufEi
dk fzG,r
f ½Sdovdo
k bm0t&
if;tjrpfrsm;toH;k jyKrIukdvnf;oufa&mufrI½E
Sd i
dk frSmr[kwy
f g/
xdYk aMumihf
OP
4.12taejzihq
f nfrsm;ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ESiq
fh ufEG,o
f nhfvkyfief;udpö&yfrsm;t
wGuf wpHw
k &majz½Sif;&ef ay:aygufap rnfr[kwy
f g/
pDrHudef;rS&nf&G,o
f nhNf rdKUe,frsm;½Sdqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;trsm;pkrSm
onhf
vGefcJh
10-20ESpfrsm;uwnfaqmufcjJh cif;jzpfonf/jyifqifa&;umvtwGif;
aqmif&Guc
f Jo
h nhf
vlrIa&;&mtuJjzwfcsuf
(SA)
t&qnfrsm;rlvwnf
aqmufpOftcgua&TUajymif;cJ&
h onfhjynfot
l csdKUrSmvHkavmufonfe
h pfem
aMu;&½Sc
d Jjh cif;r½SMd uyg/
(Primary
twdi
k f;twmwpfckx½
d dSaecJ)h /
SA
Canals
taejzihf
rsm;wnf
aqmufjcif;wGifvnf;
þpDrHue
d f;t&
aiGaMu;
yHy
h dk;
&efBudKwifa&G;cs,fowfrSwx
f m;onhfqnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;(4)cktwGuo
f mtuJ
jzwfaqmif&Guc
f Jjh cif;aMumihf jynhp
f kHaocsmpGm ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;rsdK; aqmi္
&GuE
f i
dk fcjJh cif; r½Sy
d g/
a,bl,stm;jzihfqnf^a&avSmifuef
wnfaqmufjcif;ESihfqufEG,o
f nhf
ajr,mtarGtESpfqkdif&mudpö&yfrsm;udkajz½Sif;jcif;ESihfywfoufíþpDrHue
d f;\t
wdi
k f;twmjyify½SdtpDtpOfrsm;jzihfaygif;pyf
aqmif&Guo
f Gm;ygrnf/
Oyrm
–
vuf½a
Sd qmif&Gua
f eaomtrsdK;om;ajr,maumfr½Sif?Eki
d fiHrdwz
f ufaqmif&Gur
f I
AsL[m (CPS)ESihf ajr,mqdi
k f&m Eki
d fiHtESUH avhvmrI? tMuHjyKcsufrsm; ponf
tm;jzihu
f rÇmb
h PfrSyHy
h dk;ulnDomG ;ygrnf/
ajr,mtarGtESpf
,ljcif;)ESihf
þpDrHudef;t&
qdi
k f&mudpö&yfrsm;ESiy
hf wfoufí
uku
d fnp
D Gmjzihf
þ
LRPF
t&
tvm;tvm½Sdonhf
(ajr,modrf;
4.12
OP
jynhp
f p
Hk Gm
ajz½Sif;
aqmif&Guf
oGm;ygrnf/
FSt&aqmif&Gur
f nhfSA\wpdww
f ydi
k f;tjzpftaumiftxnfazmfumvt
wGif;jynfp
h Ho
k nfp
h pfaq;tuJjzwfcsufuda
k qmif&Guí
f pDrHue
d f;\qnfajrmif;pDrH
udef;rsm;wnfaqmufcJp
h Ofuoufa&mufrIcHco
Jh nhf jynfor
l sm;? ¤if;wkdYtaejzihf
rnfonhfepfemaMu;ESiht
f ultnD&½Sdco
Jh nhfrnfoYdk vuf½t
Sd oufarG;0rf;aMumif;
jyKaeonfponht
f ajctaersm;udktuJjzwfppfaq;oGm;ygrnf/
iSm;&rf;toH;k jyKrnho
f D;jcm;(third
party)tzGUJ tpnf;rS¤if;tuJjzwfcsuf
OD;aqmifrnfjzpfNyD;pDrHue
d f;ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;nd§Ei
dI f;a&;rSL;?
tzGUJ rsm;\
þpDrHue
d ft&
vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;jzihf
aqmif&Gur
f nfjzpfonf/
vkyfief;udk
urÇmb
h Pfvkyfief;
¤if;rSawGU½Sc
d suf
rsm;tm;ajr,mudpö&yfrsm;ESihy
f wfoufíjrefrmEdi
k fiHtpd;k &ESihfaqG;aEG;&efpDpOfxm;
onhu
f rÇmb
h Pf\rl0g'a&;&maqG;aEG;yGJtwGu¤
f if;?NyD;cJo
h nht
f pd;k &vufxuf
ay:aygufcJo
h nht
f wdwu
f mvrSa&TUajymif;&olrsm;tm;ajz½Sif;&eftrsdK;om;t
qiha
f qG;aEG;yGr
J sm;twGuf¤if;?toH;k jyK&eftcsuftvufrsm;tjzpfyg0ifvmygo
nf/a&G;cs,fxm;onhq
f nfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;(4)ck\twdi
k f;twmt&wdu
k f½u
dk fquf
EG,fonht
f vm;tvm½Sdaomajr,mtarGtESpfup
d ö&yfrsm;ESiy
hf wfoufíajr,m
odrf;,ljcif;vkyfief;tpDtpOf(LAAP)tm;taumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif;jyKpk
aqmif&u
G frnfjzpfNyD?¤if;wGifoufa&mufcHjynfolrsm;\toufarG;0rf;aMumif;
vkyfief;rsm; jyefvnfxr
d f;odrf;xm;Edi
k frnhf tpDtOfrsm;?
OP
4
.12ygOD;wnfcsufrsm;ESihfeD;pyfonht
f jcm;uGm[
SA
t& awGU½Sd&onhf
csuf^vpf[mcsufrsm;
twGuf tpDtpOfrsm; ponfwkdY yg0ifrnfjzpfygonf/
IPPFtaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gujf cif;onftar&duefa':vm
2ç660ç000cefYukefusrnf[a
k rQmfrSef;xm;NyD;¤if;wGifေtmufygwdkY yg0ifygonf/
vkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f Irsm;
cefYrSef;ukefusp&dwf
(USD)
(third
Party)
0efaqmifrIay;onhf
tjcm;
tMuHjyKaqG;aEG;jcif;ESihf
yHy
h ;dk jcif;
826 ç 046
tpk^tzGUJ ^yk*¾Kd vf
(awmifor
l sm;
ukefusp&dw)f
PMU½Sd
ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&; ndE
§ i
dI f;a&;rSL;
\
PMU
275ç000
pkpkaygif;vkyfief;aqmif&Gufp&dwf
350ç000
(ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tygt0if)
M & E\
yg0ifyHy
h d;k ulnr
D I
90ç000
pkpkaygif;
aemufqufwGJ 4.1 awmifor
l sm;tm;vH;k
(ESMF)\
541ç046
pDrHue
d f;vkyfief;rsm;wGif owfrSwc
f sufESijhf ynhp
f a
kH om
yg0ifaqmif&GuE
f i
dk fa&;twGuf
aemufqufwJG
(9)wGifvnf;
wlno
D nhf
aemufqufwJGvrf;ñTef
vrf;ñTefcsuf
rsm;yg
½Sdygonf/
1/
pDrHudef;ESihq
f ufEG,o
f nhf owif;tcsuftvufrsm;tm;vH;k tm; EGrf;yg;
tm;enf;onhf a&toH;k jyKrsm;rS tjynht
f 0 &½SE
d i
dk f&ef txl;tav;ay;
aqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/
tvufrsm;?
Stake holder
xdYk aMumihf
pDrHue
d f;taejzihf
pDrHudef;tcsuf
rsm;tm;vH;k xHodkY jzefYa0Edi
k f&ef oD;jcm; (third party)
0efaqmifrI tzGUJ tpnf;tm; yg0ifaqmif&Guf apygonf/
2/
pDrHudef;^wnfae&mtao;pdwfyg0ifrI½Sdaom
vlrIa&;&mtuJjzwfcsuf
(SA)ukq
d nfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;wpfckcsif;pDESihp
f rf;oyfajr,mzGUH NzdK;a&;wnfae
&mrsm;twGuf FS t& aqmif&Guy
f grnf/ SA taejzihf
(1)
EGrf;yg;tm;enf;onha
f wmifor
l sm;tm; a&G;cs,fowfrSwjf cif;
(2)
oufqkdifrI½Sy
d guwdi
k f;&if;om;vlenf;pkawmifor
l sm;tygt0if
awmifor
l sm;ESihf
vGwv
f yfí
BudKwiftoday;rItoGifaqmifaom
tMuHjyKaqG;aEG;yGr
J sm;usif;yjcif;
(3)
awmifoy
l di
k fpepfrsm;\pDrHcefYcr
GJ IESihfajr,mzGUH NzdK;a&;prf;oyftpD
tpOftaumiftxnfazmfjcif;rsm;wGif¤if;wdYk yg0ifaqmif&GuE
f i
dk f&ef
tpDtpOfrsm;a&G;cs,fowfrSwjf cif;
(4)
a'oqdi
k f&mvlrIEdi
k fiHa&;tajctaersm;tuJjzwfjcif;ESihf
a'oqdi
k f&mqH;k jzwfaqmif&Gujf cif;vkyfief;pOfrS
¤if;wdkYcsefvy
S fcH&Edi
k fonht
f ajctaersm;tm; tuJjzwfjcif;
3/
pDrHudef;tusdK;jrwfrsm;rQwpGmcGa
J 0jcif;?a&toH;k jyKolrsm;tay:usa&muf
Edi
k fonhq
f d;k usdK;rsm;avsmhcsjcif;ESif<h uif;usefoufa&mufrIrsm;avsmhcs&eft
pDtpOfrsm;owfrSwjf cif;
ponfwkdYtwGuf
WUG
tzGUJ rsm;zGUJ pnf;jcif;ESihf
vkyfief;pOfrsm;aqmif&Gufjcif;udpö&yfrsm;wGifcsdKUwJt
h m;enf;onhfa&toH;k
jyKolrsm;tm;t"dyÜg,fjynf0
h pGmyg0ifEi
dk f&efcGijhf yKoify
h gonf/
tusdK;cHpm;cGih½
f Sdonhfawmifor
l sm;twGuf
vdt
k yfaom vrf;ñTefcsufESihf
taxmuftyhr
H sm;jznhq
f nf;Edi
k f&efo;D jcm;(thirdparty)0efaqmifrItzGUJ
tpnf;rsm;udk
toH;k jyK&ygrnf/
okYd rSom
WUG
rsm;zGUJ pnf;jcif;ESihf
tcsdefESiht
f rQ¤if;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;rSmrQwíyg0ifaqmif&Guc
f Gi½
hf dSaom
vu©Pm&yfrsm; zGUH NzdK;vmygrnf/
4/
tzGUJ 0ifa&toH;k jyKolrsm;uJo
h kYd yifEGrf;yg;tm;enf;onha
f &toH;k jyKolrsm;udk
vnf;oifwef;ESiht
f jcm;pGrf;&nfzUGH NzdK;rIqkdif&myHy
h ;dk rIrsm;vnf;&½Sdoify
h g
onf/
5/
þ
ESMF
wGifazmfjyxm;onhf
vkyfief;pOfrsm;twdi
k f;
yg0ifaqmif
&Guc
f Gihf½SdaomvkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;t&pDrHue
d f;aMumihx
f dcdu
k fepfemrIrsm;ESihf
csdKUwJt
h m;enf;aoma&toHk;jyKolrsm;\udpö&yfrsm;udk t"dutm;jzihf
WUG
rSwqihf ajz½Sif;aqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/
6/
csdKUwJE
h Grf;yg;onha
f &toH;k jyKolrsm;taejzihfpDrHue
d f;taumiftxnf
azmfjcif; ESihy
f wfoufí avhvm ppfaq;jcif;? tMuHjyKcsufrsm;ay;jcif;
ponfjzihy
f g0ifaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/txl;ojzihfxl;jcm;onht
f a&;udpörsm;
ESiy
hf wfoufí
tuJjzwfjcif;ESihf
owfrSwjf cif;rsm;twGuf
&Gu&
f efcGihjf yK&ygrnf/
M & E
ajz½Sif;aqmif&Gu&
f efenf;vrf;rsm;
vkyfief;pOf
yg0ifcGi½
hf dSaom
M
&
rsm;wGif
E
yg0if
aqmif
vkyfief;rsm;taejzihf
awmifoy
l di
k fpepfrsm;jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;?ajr,mzGUH NzdK;a&;prf;oyftpDt
pOftaumiftxnfazmfjcif;rsm;rSmjywfom;írQwaomvu©Pm&yfrsm;½Sd
jcif;?rnfonhftzGUJ 0iftay:rQodomaomoufa&mufrIr½SdapyJtusdK;cHpm;
cGi½
hf dSor
l sm;tMum;oabmwlnc
D sufukdtajccHíqd;k usdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;udk
ajz½Sif;aqmif&Gua
f Mumif;ponfwkdYESiy
hf wfoufíppfaq;twnfjyK&yg
rnf/pDrHue
d f;rScefYtyftoH;k jyKonho
f D;jcm;(third
tpnf;taejzihfvnf;
WUG
party)0efaqmifrItzGUJ
tpnf;ta0;rsm;ESihp
f DrHue
d f;taumif txnf
azmfrIavhvmppfaq;jcif;rsm;wGifyr
Hk Sefyg0if aqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/
7/
tqihr
f sm;tm;vH;k ½SdpDrHudef;BuD;Muyfjcif;ESihftaumiftxnfazmfjcif;
qdi
k f&mtzGUJ 0ifrsm;taejzihfcsdKUwJt
h m;enf;onha
f &toH;k jyKolrsm;\tcuf
tcJESihp
f drfac:rIrsm;tm;vnf;aumif;?¤if;wkYd yg0ifaqmif&Gur
f IESihfod½e
Sd m;
vnfyg0ifaqmif&Gur
f Irsm;twGufaqmif&Guf&eftao;pdwv
f dt
k yfcsufrsm;
ESiy
hf wfoufívnf;aumif;tjynht
f 0od½e
Sd m;vnf&ygrnf/tqiht
f m;vHk;
½SdpDrHue
d f;taumiftxnfazmfjcif;ESihBf uD;Muyfa&;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;onf
pDrHudef;vkyfief;pOfrsm;wGifawmifolrsm;yg0ifaqmif&Gur
f IESiy
hf wfoufí
pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESihv
f kyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;udo
k d½e
Sd m;vnf&rnf/(wd;k
csJUv,f,mvkyfom;)rsm;tm;vnf;trsdK;orD;ESiw
hf di
k f;&if;om;awmifol
rsm;tygt0ifcsdKUwJhtm;enf;onha
f wmifor
l sm;ESit
hf ao;pm;awmifor
l sm;
\vdt
k yfcsufrsm;udkajz½Sif;ay;Edi
k f&efoifwef;rsm;ESihfavhvm pl;prf;Edi
k f&ef
todynmrsm;jznhq
f nf;ay;&ygrnf/
8/
awmifor
l sm;tm;vH;k tm;¤if;wdkYpu
dk fysdK;rnho
f D;ESHESiy
hf wfoufí
vGwv
f yfpGma&G;cs,fcGihjf yKoihy
f gonf/
9/
epfemrIqkdif&mtao;pdwv
f kyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;udkþ
ESMF
ygvkyfief;pOf
rsm;udt
k ajccHíaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/þenf;tm;jzihp
f DrHue
d f;rSay:ayguf
onha
f &GUajymif;rIrsm;ESihfywfoufía'otvdu
k f(okYd )wdi
k f;a'oBuD;tvdu
k f
ay:aygufonhfwkdifMum;rIrsm;tm;vH;k tm;jynhp
f p
Hk Gmajz½Sif;aqmif&GuE
f i
dk fyg
onf/tqdy
k gvkyfxkH;vkyfenf;taejzihfvnf;aumif;rGefonho
f m"uwpfck
taejziho
f wfrSwE
f di
k frSmjzpfovdkEi
dk fiHt0Srf;aqG;aEG;yGE
J Siho
f abmwlnc
D suf
rsm;vdt
k yfonhfcufcJonhfta&;udpörsm;ajz½Sif;&mwGifvnf;toH;k 0ifEi
dk fyg
onf/
10/ vTwa
f wmf\ajr,mqH;k ½IH;rIpHp
k rf;a&;aumfr½Sift&ajr,mtjiif;yGm;rI
r½Sdonfhae&mrsm;wGifompDrHue
d f;udt
k aumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guy
f grnf/
11/ pDrHudef;vkyfief;^&if;ESD;jr§KyfEr
SH Irsm;ESiy
hf wfoufíqH;k jzwfaqmif&Gu&
f mwGif
awmifor
l sm;yg0ifaqmif&Guf Edi
k f&ef cGijhf yK&ygrnf/
yl;wGJ (5) yd;k rTm;pDrHcefYcGr
J ItpDtpOf rlabmifvy
k fief;pOfaemufcH tcsuf
tvufrsm;
ydr
k a
dk umif;rGefaomqnfajrmif;ESiha
f &Ekyfajrmif;pepfrsm;\tusdK;quftjzpf
pdu
k fysdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm;t½Sdefjr§iv
hf monfESihftrQtqdjk yKpDrHue
d f;{&d,mrsm;\
qnfajrmif;uGyfur
J Ia'orsm;½Sdpu
dk fysdK;ajrrsm;wGify;dk owfaq;toH;k jyKrIrsm;t
vGeftuRHjzpfvmzG,½
f dSygonf/tdrfeD;csif;Edi
k fiHrsm;rSe,fpyfjzwfausmfíw&m;r
၀ifwifoi
G f;vmonht
f &nftaoG;nHz
h sif;NyD;rSwfyw
Hk ifxm;jcif;r½Sdaomyd;k owfa
q;rsm;uda
k wmifor
l sm;toH;k jyKvmygutajctaerSmydr
k ;dk qdk;&Gm;Eki
d fygonf/jref
rmEdi
k fiH½Sq
d Davsmfaumif;rGefonhy
f ;dk owfaq;rsm;tm;*½kwpdu
k fudi
k fw,
G ftoH;k jyK
jcif;ESiy
hf wfoufíawmifor
l sm;wGiftawGUtMuHKA[kokwenf;yg;ygonf/xdkYt
jyify;dk owfaq;a&mif;0,fonhfaps;uGuu
f d,
k fpm;vS,r
f sm;aMumiha
f wmifor
l sm;t
aejzihv
f rf;rSm;Edi
k fNyD;aygif;pyfyd;k rTm;pDrHcefYcr
GJ Ivy
k fxkH;vkyfenf;ESihe
f nf;vrf;rsm;udk
vdu
k fem&rnht
f pm;obm0ywf0ef;usifudkxc
d u
dk fapEdi
k faomtm;jyif;onhfy;dk
owfaq;rsm;udk toHk;jyKEdi
k facs½Sy
d gonf/
tu,fíyd;k rTm;pDrHcefYcGJrIwkd;wufaumif;rGefjcif;r½Sy
d guatmufygtusdK;
qufrsm;jzpfvmEdi
k fygonf/oD;ESH
Pollinator
rsm;ysufpD;rIaMumihf oD;ESt
H xGuE
f Ief;
rsm;avsmhusjcif;?oD;ESy
H d;k rTm;rsm;\obm0&efor
l sm;ysufoO
k f;jcif;ESihfobm0yd;k
rTm;xdef;csKyfrIqkH;½I;H jcif;rsm;aMumihfoD;ESHy;dk rTm;ta&twGue
f nf;yg;edru
fh sjcif;?yd;k
owfaq;'PfcHEdi
k faomyd;k rTm;rsm;jzpfxe
G f;vmEdi
k fjcif;?"gwky;dk owfaq;rsm;wd;k
jr§it
hf oH;k jyKjcif;udkwGef;tm;jzpfapjcif;?ajrqDvTmESihfa&npfnrf;rIrsm;jzpfay:jcif;?
iSur
f sm;ESihf ig;rsm;tm; tqdyfoiha
f pjcif;? a&n§?d a&arSmr
f sm;jyefYyGm;apjcif;?
awmifor
l sm;yd;k owfaq;tqdyfoihjf cif;ESihfusef;rma&;qd;k usdK;rsm;jzpfay:jcif;?
&dwo
f drf;NyD;oD;ESr
H sm;ESiht
f pm;taomufrsm;wGify;dk owfaq;t<uif;tusefyrm
Pjrihr
f m;apjcif;?obm0ywf0ef;usif½SZ
d D0rsdK;uGr
J sm;qH;k ½IH;jcif;txl;ojzihr
f &nf
&G,o
f nha
f &aersdK;pdwr
f sm;Mum;wGifjzpfonf/
pDrHudef;aus;&Gmrsm;wGifxda&mufonha
f wmifow
l pfOD;rSwpfOD;okYd wd;k csJUpe
pfrsm;ESic
hf sdwfqufíaygif;pyfyd;k rTm;pDrHcefYcr
GJ I
IPM
udr
k dwq
f ufjy|mef;oiho
f nf/
IPMwGif,Ofaus;rI?½kyfydkif;qdi
k f&m?ZD0aA'qdi
k f&mESihf"gwkaA'qdi
k f&mvkyfxkH;vkyf
enf;rsm;uda
k ygif;pyfíoD;ESp
H du
k fysdK;&mwGify;dk owfaq;rsm;yrmPtenf;qHk;toH;k
jyKapjcif;rsm;yg0ifygonf/avhvmppfaq;jcif;?erlemjyKjcif;?rSww
f rf;wifjcif;
ponhe
f nf;vrf;rsm;jzihy
f d;k rTm;rsm;\yrmPudp
k D;yGm;a&;t&xdcdu
k fEi
kd fonho
f wfrS
wfcsufpHatmufwi
G fxdef;csKyfxm;Edi
k f&efvdt
k yfonhe
f nf;vrf;rsm;udk
qH;k jzwfcsrSwE
f di
k fygonf/
IPM
\ &nf&G,c
f sufrSm yd;k rTm;rsm;udk pDrHcefYcjGJ cif;
omjzpfívufawGUrusonhy
f d;k rTm;rsm;ysufokOf;jcif;udkaqmif&Gufjcif;r[kwfyg/
ADSP
twGuf
IPM
taumiftxnfazmf&mwGifjrefrmEdi
k fiH
\vuf½O
Sd ya'
rlabmifrsm;ESihv
f nf;aumif;?taumif;qHk;Eki
d fiHwumvkyfxH;k vkyfenf;rsm;ESihf
vnf;aumif;udu
k f nDrI½S&
d ygrnf/
jrefrmEdi
k fiH½Sd yd;k rTm;pDrHcefYcGr
J Itajctae
1990rSpí
ckESpfwi
G f
jrefrmEdi
k fiHwGif
yk;d owfaq;Oya'ESihf
jy|mef;cJy
h gonf/
yd;k owfaq;Oya'udjk y|mef;cJNh yD;
1991
qufEG,o
f nhf
vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;udk
tqdy
k gvkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;t&
yd;k owfaq;rSwfyHw
k if
bkwt
f zGUJ udk 1992 ckESpfwi
G f zGUJ pnf;cJo
h nf/ tqdy
k gOya'wGif yd;k owfaq;
pDrHcefYcr
GJ IESihy
f wfoufít"dutpdwftydi
k f;ESpfck\Oya'taMumif;qdi
k f&mvdt
k yf
csufrsm;twGufa,bl,sazmfjycsufrsm;yg0ifygonf/
yxrwpfckrSmrSwy
f Hw
k ifjcif;tpDtpOfESi'
hf kw,
d wpfckrSmcGijhf yKrdefY(vdi
k fpif)tpD
tpOfwkdYjzpfygonf/jrefrmEdi
k fiHwi
G ftoH;k jyK&ef&nf&G,o
f nfr
h nfonhy
f ;dk owf
aq;rqdkrSwfyHw
k ifjcif;vkyfief;pOfESit
hf wljynfp
h Hkonhr
f Swy
f w
Hk ifpm&Gup
f mwrf;ESihf
rSwy
f w
Hk ifjcif;avQmufxm;&ef
ukefypön;f erlemrsm;udk
aqmif&Gu&
f rnf/
¤if;
Oya'tm;av;pm;vdu
k femap&eftwGup
f u
dk fysdK;a&;OD;pD;Xme?tyifrsm;umuG,f
a&;Xmepdwu
f dp
k wifaqmif&Guc
f NJh yD;jynfe,fESic
hf ½dkiftqiht
f yifrsm;umuG,a
f &;
tzGUJ rsm;wGifEdi
k fiH&yfjcm;ESihfa'owGif;aumif;pGmavhusihfxm;onhy
f nm½Sif0ef
xrf;rsm;jzihz
f GUJ pnf;cJy
h gonf/tqdy
k g0efxrf;rsm;onf¤if;wkdY\oufqkdif&ma'o
rsm;½Sy
d ;dk owfaq;ta&mif;qdkifrsm;tm;ppfaq;&efppfaq;a&;rSL;rsm;tjzpfwm0ef
,laqmif&GuMf u&ygonf/toH;k jyKonhfy;dk owfaq;rsm;tm;vH;k onfykd;owfaq;
rSwy
f w
Hk ifbw
k ftzGUJ xHrSrSwy
f Hw
k ifcGijhf yKcsuf&½S&
d efvkdtyfonf/
rSwy
f w
Hk ifavQmufxm;olrsm;onf¤if;wkdYtoHk;jyKrnhy
f p
Hk H&nf&G,o
f nhy
f ;dk rTm;rsdK;
pdwr
f sm;tay:xda&mufrI?obm0ywf0ef;usifESir
hf &nf&G,o
f nhfrsdK;pdwr
f sm;t
ay:wGifqd;k usdK;oufa&mufrIr½SdaMumif;?tqdyftmedoifavhvmrItp½SdonfwdYk
azmfjy&efvkdtyfygonf/avmavmq,fwGifjrefrmEki
d fiHüyd;k owfaq;xkwv
f kyf
onhp
f uf½kHrsm;r½Sdao;yg/v,f,mpdu
k fysdK;a&;OD;pD;Xmetaejzifhukvor®*pufrI
zGUH NzdK;a&;tzGUJ (UNIDO)\yHy
h d;k rIjziht
f ao;pm;prf;oyfyp
Hk HjyKpuf½w
Hk pfck½NSd yD;yk*¾vdu
vkyfief;½Sir
f sm;rStqdy
k gyHp
k HjyKpufjziho
f m¤if;wdkY\yd;k owfaq;rsm;udkyp
Hk HjyKaqmif
&GufMuygonf/jrefrmEdi
k fiHwGifacwfrrSa
D omyd;k owfaq;rsm;toH;k jyK jcif;r½Sdyg/
yd;k owfaq;'PfcHonfhjyóemay:aygufrIukda½Smif½Sm;&eftyifrsm;umuG
,fa&;aq;cef;rsm;?
Farmer
Field
School
pdu
k fysdK;a&;
rsm;rSwqihf
OD;pD;Xme\
jynfe,f^wdi
k f;a'oBuD;rsm;½Sd
awmifor
l sm;xHodkYqDavsmfoiha
f wmf
onhf
enf;ynmrsm;jzefYa0vsuf½dSygonf/jrefrmEdi
k fiHwGifrSwy
f w
kH ifxm;aom
yd;k owfaq;rsm;taejzihy
f d;k owfaq;rsm;xkwfvy
k fjcif;ESihf yHp
k HjyKjcif;tzGUJ tpnf;
(Croplife
formerly
GIFAP)
tzGUJ tpnf;rSazmfjyonhf
vrf;ñTef
csufrsm;?
owfrSwc
f sufrsm;ESihf udu
k fnr
D I½&
Sd ygrnf/ ¤if;wGif yd;k owfaq;ESiy
hf wfoufí
ab;uif;aomxkwv
f kyf
oda
k vSmifjcif;?
jcif;?
wHqy
d fwyfjcif;?
pGefYypfjcif;rsm;ESiy
hf wfoufí
udi
k fw,
G ftoH;k jyKjcif;?
aumif;rGefaompDrHcefYcr
GJ Iqdi
k f&m
vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;yg0ifygonf/wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyify;dk owfaq;rsm;jzefYcsDjcif;ESihf
toH;k jyKjcif;rsm;twGufEki
d fiHwumvkyfxkH;vkyfenf;owfrSwc
f sufrsm;udk
toH;k
jyKa&;twGujf refrmEdi
k fiHrSyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufvsuf½Sy
d gonf/
yd;k owfaq;rsm;tm;vH;k onfjrefrmbmomjzihfjynhp
f p
Hk GmwHqdyfwyfqifxm;jcif;½Sd
&ygrnf/ okYd rSomawmifor
l sm;taejzihf toH;k rjyKrD aumif;rGefpGm zwf½Iem;
vnfEi
dk f rnfjzpfonf/
WHO
tqiho
f wfrSwfcsuft& tqihf 1(u)ESihf 1(c)tjzpf owfrSwf
onhy
f ;dk owfaq;rsm;rSmtvGeftrif;tEÅ&m,f½o
Sd nhftrsdK;tpm;jzpfívufrSwf&
^cGijhf yKcsuf&yd;k owfaq;toH;k jyKolrsm;omudi
k fw,
G ftoH;k jyK&rnft
h rsdK;tpm;
jzpfonf/tqdy
k gcGihjf yKcsuf&yd;k owfaq;toH;k jyKolrsm;onfpu
dk fysdK;a&;OD;pD;Xme?
tyifrsm;umuG,a
f &;XmepdwfrSaqmif&Guo
f nhf(5)&ufwmoifwef;wufa&muf
NyD;qH;k olrsm;jzpfygonf/
(1700)ausmfteuf
jrefrmEki
d fiHwi
G f
tenf;i,fomvQif
rSwy
f w
Hk ifxm;aom
tqihf
1(u)ESihf
yHp
k HtrsdK;tpm;
1(c)trsdK;tpm;
rsm;jzpfNyD;trsm;pkrSmtqih(f 2)ESi(hf 3)rsm;jzpfygonf/xdkYtjyifjrefrmEdi
k fiHonftm
qD,y
H ;dk owfaq;pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;qdkif&moabmwlnc
D suftpDtpOfwi
G fvnf;
yg0ifaqmif&Guv
f suf½dSygonf/
a,bl,setm;jzifh
vwfwavmwGif
IPM
ESiy
hf wfowfí
a'owd;k csUJ
tvkyform;tqifh yk*¾vu
d
uPÖ (odUk ) awmifor
l sm; tqifw
h Gif owif;
tcsuftvuf &&Sjd cif; r&So
d vdfky;dk rTm;pDrHcefYcr
GJ I tpDtpOf taumif txnf
az:jcif; twGuf vlom;t&if;tjrpf rvHa
k vmufyg/
aygif;pyfyd;k rTm;pDrHcefYcGr
J I
IPMonfZ0
D aA',Ofaus;rI?½kyfyi
dk f;qdi
k f&mESi"
hf gwkaA'qdi
k f&menf;vrf;rsm;
uda
k ygif;pyftoH;k jyKízsufq;D Edi
k fonhf
yd;k rTm;ESia
hf &m*gjzpfyGm;apaomypön;f rsm;
pDrHcefYc&
GJ mwGif a&½SnfwnfwhHaumif;rGefaomenf;vrf;wpfckjzpfNyD; pD;yGm;a&;?
usef;rma&;ESihfobm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&mab;tEÅ&m,frsm;tm;
taumif;qHk;avsmhcsEdi
k fonhfenf;vrf;vnf;jzpfygonf/
aqmif&Guf
IPM
&mwGifatmufygwdYk udk xnho
f Gif;pOf;pm;&efvkdtyfygonf/
(1)
oiha
f wmfonhy
f d;k owfaq;rsm;a&G;cs,f&ef pHowfrSwc
f sufrsm;
(2)
yd;k owfaq;toH;k jyKrIrsm;tm;pDrHcefYc&
GJ efvkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;ponf
wdYk jzpfygonf/
(1)oiha
f wmfonhf yd;k owfaq;rsm;a&G;cs,f&efpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;
pDrHudef;{&d,mrsm;wGift"duoD;ESr
H Smpyg;jzpfonf/&moDOwk?
aps;uGuftajctaersm;ay:rlwnfíawmifolrsm;onf
ESrf;ESihf
Mung
bean
udv
k nf;pdu
k fysdK;Muonf/
a&&½SdrIESihf
twdi
k f;twmwpfcktxd
awmifor
l sm;
\
ajymMum;
csuft&qnfwnfaqmufNyD;pD;onht
f csdefrSpí(5)ESpfwmumvtwGif;yd;k owf
aq;toH;k jyKrIoo
d mpGmrsm;jym;vmaMumif;ESihfvuf½q
Sd nfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;t&
Multiple
Cropping
aqmif&GufvmMuaMumif;od&onf/
xdYk aMumihftem*gwf
aygif;pyfyd;k rTm;pDrHcefYcGr
J Itaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gup
f OfwGifvnf;yd;k owfaq;
oH;k pGr
J IrvGr
J aoGwkd;yGm;vmzG,½
f dSygonf/a,bl,stm;jzihftem*gwfwi
G fokH;pG&
J ef
&nf&G,o
f nfy
h d;k owfaq;rsm;onft"duOD;wnfonhfrsdK;pdwr
f sm;tay:xda&muf
rI½&
Sd rnfjzpfovdkr&nf&G,o
f nhr
f sdK;pdwr
f sm;ay:wGifvnf;oufa&mufrItenf;
qH;k ESio
hf bm0ywf0ef;usif?vlYusef;rma&;ESip
hf m;oH;k rIrsm;tay:qd;k usdK;oufa&m
ufrIr½Sdoavmufjzpf&efvkdtyfygonf/
oiha
f wmfaomyd;k owfaq;rsm;toH;k jyK&efa&G;cs,f&mwGify;dk rTm;rsm;ydk;owfaq;
'PfcHEi
dk f&nf½Sjd cif;rsdK;rjzpfap&efqo
dk nhftcsufudkvnf;xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;oihy
f g
onf/
Z,m;
(5)wGif
pDrHue
d f;a'o
rsm;½Sd
t"duoD;ESr
H sm;twGuf
awGU&avh½dSaomyd;k rTm;^a&m*grsm;ESihfy;dk owfaq;a&G;cs,f&eft"dupHowfrSwf
csuf rsm;udk azmfjyxm;ygonf/
Z,m; 5- oiha
f wmfonhy
f d;k owfaq;rsm;a&G;cs,f&ef pHowfrSwc
f sufrsm;
pDrHudef;{&d,m
trsm;
½Sdt rsm;qH;k
qH;k awGU
yd;k owfaq;rsm;a&G;cs,f&ef
&onfh
awGU½S&
d onhf
yd;k rTm;ES
oD;ESt
H rsdK;
iha
f &m*g
pHowfrSwc
f sufrsm;
rsm;
tpm;rsm;
aEGpyg;rsdK;rsm;
-
(1)tjcm;yd;k rTm;xdef;csKyfa&;enf;pepfrsm;\xda&mufrI
tuefYtowf½v
Sd monht
f cgrSomvQify;dk owfaq;
-ykvo
J G,f
tenf;qkH;yrmPudt
k oH;k jyK&rnf/
-&wemwd;k
(2)a&mif;cscGi(hf vdi
k fpif)jzihw
f &m;0ifwifoi
G f;xm;onhf
-&wematmif
- Thee Dut
oD;xuf&if
yd;k owfaq;rsm;udo
k mtoH;k jyK&rnf/
aocsmpGmcsdyfydwfxm;jcif;ESihjf refrmbmom
Yin
rd;k pyg;rsdK;rsm;
- {&mrif;
- raemokc
- a&Gw
T qkyf
- qif;okc
jzihw
f Hqy
d fuyfxm; jcif;½S&
d rnf/
(3)
DOA?
tyifrsm;umuG,a
f &;XmecGJ\
wm;jrpf
pm&if;wGifyg0ifonhy
f ;dk owfaq;rsm;udt
k oH;k rjyK&
/
(WHO
tqih1
f (u)ESihf
1(c)trsm;pkrSm
¤if;pm&if; wGifyg0ifygonf/) (jrefrmEdi
k fiHtwGif;
wm;jrpf^
uefYowfxm;onfy
h ;dk owfaq;rsm;pm&if;udk
Z,m; 10ESihf 11wdYk wGifMunhf&ef)
- ykvo
J G,f
Mung Bean
14
a&qif;
(4) qDavsmfonhf yd;k owfaq;a&G;cs,ftoH;k jyKEdi
k f&ef
twGuy
f ;dk rTm;(okYd )a&m*gtm;
pDppf&efy;dk owfaq;
toH;k rjyKrSo
D ifwef;wufa&mufxm;onhf
awmif
ol(okYd ) uRrf;usifynm½Sif^0efxrf;rsm;\avhvm
qef;ppfjcif;udk aqmif&Gu&
f rnf/
(u)yd;k rTm;jzpfpOfwi
G fy;dk owfaq;
jyK&ef?
(insecticide)toH;k
yd;k rTm;jzpfyGm;rI\pD;yGm;a&;owfrSwt
f qihf
(ETL)udk qH;k jzwf&rnf/
(c)
a&m*grsm;twGuf
a&m*gjzpfyGm;rI\
NrdKUe,f
DOA
ydk;owfaq;toH;k jyK&ef
jyif;xefrIyrmPudq
k H;k jzwf&ef
\
tultnDvt
dk yfEi
dk fygonf/
(Oyrm- leaf area index)
Z,m; 6 – jrefrmEdi
k fiHwi
G f uefYowfxm;onhf yd;k owfaq;rsm;pm&if;
Pesticide Name
Methyl Bromide
Phosphine
Bromadiolone
Zinc Phosphide
Brodifacoum
Fenthion
DDT
Group
Fumigant
Fumigant
Coumarin
Inorganic
Coumarin
Organophosphorous
Organochlorine
Z,m; 7– jrefrmEkdifiHwGif wm;jrpfxm;aom yd;k owfaq;rsm;pm&if;
Pesticide Name
Adrin
EPN
BHC
Inorganic Mercury compounds
Captafol
Chlordane
Organic mercury compound
Parathion ethyl
Chlordimeform
Strobane
Cyhexatin
2,4,5-T
Dieldrin
Toxaphene
EDB
Endrin
Dinosed
Group
Organochlorine
Organophosphorus
Organochlorine
Inorganic
Phthalimide
Organochlorine
Organic
Organophosphorus
Formamidine
Organotin
Phenoxy
Organochlorine
Organochlorine
Dinosed
Organochlorine
(2) yd;k owfaq;toH;k jyKrI pDrHcefYca
GJ &;vkyfief;pOf
yd;k owfaq;Oya'(1991)t&vkyfief;pOfrsm;\owday;xkwjf yefcsufonf
yd;k owfaq;rsm;xkwv
f kyfjcif;?wHqy
d fwyfqifjcif;?udi
k fw,
G fjcif;?oda
k vSmifjcif;ESihf
pGefYypfjcif;ponfrsm;ESifpyfvsOf;ívdu
k femaqmif&Gu&
f efpr
D Hue
d f;\vkyfief;pOfrl
abmiftwGut
f ajccHjzpfygonf/
atmufazmfjyygtcsufrsm;onftqky
d gudpö&yfrsm;ESiy
hf wfoufíowday;xkwf
jyefcsufrS xkwE
f Iwa
f zmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
yd;k owfaq;wifoi
G f;olrsm;rS vdu
k fem&rnhf pnf;urf;owfrSwc
f sufrsm;
(u) jynfyrSwifoi
G f;onhy
f k;d owfaq;(okYd )"mwfjyKyg0ifypön;f rsm;a&muf
½Sdvmygut&nftaoG;ppfaq;Edi
k f&ef
DOA
rS
ysufuGujf cif;r½Sd
ppfaq;aqmif&Gu&
f efjzpfonf/ owfrSwx
f m;onhf erlemaumuf,ljcif;
enf;pepft&ppfaq;oltm;owfrSwy
f rmP^tav;csdeferlemaumuf,l
jcif;udktcrJa
h qmif&Guc
f Gijhf yK&rnf/ tqkkdygerlemaumuf,jl cif; twGuf
ppfaq;olrS erlemaumuf,jl cif;vufrSwf xkwa
f y;&rnf/
(c)
yd;k owfaq;rsm;udi
k fw,
G fjcif;?o,f,y
l Ydk aqmifjcif;ESihfoda
k vSmifodrf;
qnf;jcif;vkyfief;rsm;udk
Registration
xkwjf yefxm;onhf
ProardrS
ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;vrf;ñTefrsm;twdi
k f;vdkue
f maqmif&Gu&
f rnf/
(*)
vdi
k fpif(cGihjf yKrdefY)&a&mif;csolrsm;xHodkYomyd;k owfaq;rsm;jzefYcsDjcif;?
a&mif;csjcif;rsm;udkaqmif&Gu&
f rnf/ta&mif;jzwfyi
dk f;rsm;ESihfy;dk owfaq;
trsdK;rsdK;a&mif;csonhp
f m&if;rsm;udk xdef;odrf; xm;&rnf/
(C) yd;k owfaq;oda
k vSmif?odrf;qnf;onha
f e&mrsm;wGif]]tEÅ&m,f½o
Sd nf}}
qdo
k nht
f rSwt
f om;qdi
k f;bkwu
f do
k domjrifv,
G fonha
f e&mwGif
‘
csdwfqJGwyfqif&rnf/
(i)
tu,fíukefwif^ukefcsaqmif&Gufaejcif;rsdK;r½Sdyguyd;k owfaq;
oda
k vSmif?odrf;qnf;onha
f e&mrsm;udk vHkjcHKpGmaomhcwfxm;½Sd&rnf/
(p)
yd;k owfaq;rsm;ukefwif^ukefcsaqmif&Gu&
f mwGif¤if;wdkYtm;
ab;uif;pGm
udi
k fw,
G faqmif&GuE
f ki
d fonht
f awGUtMuHK½Sdoy
l k*K¾d vfwOD;OD;\BuD;MuyfrI
atmufwi
G f aqmif&Gu&
f rnf/
(q) yd;k owfaq;rsm;oda
k vSmif^odrf;qnf;onha
f e&mrsm;\wnfae&mESihf
cefYrSef;acsodkavSmifyrmPrsm;ude
k D;pyf&mrD;owfXmersm;okYd taMumif;Mum;
today;&rnf/
(Z)
rnfonhfyd;k owfaq;rQvlaetdrf,mrsm;wGifodrf;qnf;^oda
k vSmifjcif;
rjyK&/
(ps) rnfonhftaMumif;aMumihjf zpfap?yd;k owfaq;rsm;?"mwfjyKyg0if
ypönf;rsm;ESihx
f kwy
f d;k ypön;f rsm;udp
k GefYypf&mwGifDOA\vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;t
wdi
k f; vdu
k femaqmif&Guf&rnf/
(n) tu,fíoda
k vSmifxm;onhy
f ;dk owfaq;rsm;?"mwfjyKyg0ifypön;f rsm;onf
vuf0,fxm;½Sp
d OftwGif;t&nftaoG;ysufpD;,d,
k Gif;rI½dy
S gu¤if;wkdYtm;
qufvuftoH;k jyKjcif;?a&mif;csjcif;rsm;udk
DOA
\
vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;
twdi
k f; aqmif&Guf&rnf/
(#)
yd;k owfaq;rsm;udkab;uif;vHjk cHKpGmxkwfyd;k a&mif;cs&rnfjzpfNyD;
xkwy
f ;dk
onhy
f pön;f rsm;ysufpD;aeygutopfjyefvnfxw
k fyd;k NyD;rS a&mif;cs&rnf/
(X)
yd;k owfaq;rsm;\xda&mufrItmedoifESiy
hf wfoufírrSefruefaMujim
a&mif;csjcif;rsdK;aqmif&Gufjcif;rjyK&/tqky
d gta&mif;aMumfjimrsm;udk
Registration
Board
rS
oabmwlcGijhf yKonhy
f p
Hk HowfrSwc
f sufrsm;
twdi
k f;
vdu
k femaqmif&Guf&rnf/
(!)
ppfaq;olrsm; vdt
k yfovdkppfaq;jcif;rsm;udk cGijhf yK&rnfjzpfNyD; tqdy
k g
ppfaq;jcif;rsm;udk vdktyfonhf tultnDay;&rnf/
vdi
k fpifukdifaqmifxm;olrsm;rS vdu
k fem&ef pnf;urf;owfrSwc
f sufrsm;
(u) vdi
k fpif (cGihjf yKrdefY)udk jrifomay:vGifaomae&mwGif wyfqif? csdwq
f JG
xm;½S&
d rnf/
(c)
vdi
k fpift&cGihjf yKxm;aomyd;k owfaq;(okYd )"mwfjyKyg0ifypön;f rsm;udk
omazmfpyfxw
k fvy
k fjcif;?jyefvnfxkwy
f ;dk jcif;?a&mif;csjcif;wkYd udkaqmif&Guf
&rnf/
(*)
a'owGif;yd;k owfaq;rsm;azmfpyfjcif;?jyefvnfxkyfy;dk jcif;rsm;udkaqmif
&Gu&
f mwGifvkyfom;rsm;\usef;rma&;ESiv
hf lrIa&;&mrsm;ESiy
hf wfoufívuf
½SdwnfqJOya'ygtcsuftvufrsm;ESihu
f du
k fnr
D I½p
Sd Gm aqmif&Guf&rnf/
(C) azmfpyfxw
k fvy
k faom(okYd )jyefvnfxkwy
f ;dk aomyd;k owfaq;rsm;\t&nf
taoG;ESihf tusdK;oufa&muf rIrsm;udk tmrcH&rnf/
(i)
yd;k owfaq;rsm;udi
k fw,
G faqmif&Gujf cif;?o,f,y
l Ykd aqmifjcif;ESihfodrf;
qnf;odkavSmifjcif;rsm;udk
Registration
Board
rS
xkwjf yefxm;onhf
ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;vrf;ñTefrsm;ESihf udkufnp
D Gmaqmif&Gu&
f rnf/
(p)
yd;k owfaq;rsm;udkazmfpyfxw
k fvkyfor
l sm;?jyefvnfxw
k fyd;k olrsm;ESihf
vufum;a&mif;0,for
l sm;onfatmufygowfrSwc
f sufrsm;udkvdu
k fem
aqmif&Gu&
f rnf/
(q) yd;k owfaq;rsm;oka
d vSmif?odrf;qnf;onha
f e&mrsm;wGif]]tEÅ&m,f
½Sdonf}}qdo
k nhq
f di
k f;bkwfukdjrifomay:vGifonha
f e&mwGifcsdwfqGJ
wyfqifxm;½S&
d rnf/
(Z)
yd;k owfaq;rsm;oda
k vSmif?odrf;qnf;onha
f e&mrsm;tm;0efwif?0efcs
vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Gua
f ejcif;rsdK;r½Sdonhftcsdefrsm;wGiv
f kjH cHKpGmaomh
cwfxm;½Sd&rnf/
(ps) yd;k owfaq;rsm;0efwif?0efcsvkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Gu&
f mwGify;dk ow္
aq;udi
k fw,
G faqmif&Gu&
f mütawGUtMuHK½Sdonfhyk*K¾d vfwOD;OD;\
BuD;MuyfrIatmufwGifaqmif&Gu&
f rnf/
(n) yd;k owfaq;oka
d vSmifor
d f;qnf;onha
f e&mrsm;\wnfae&mESihfoka
d vSmif
xm;onhc
f efYrSef;acsyrmPrsm;ude
k D;pyf&mrD;owfXmersm;okYd today;
taMumif;Mum;&rnf/
(#)
vlaetdrf,mrsm;wGifrnfonhfy;dk owfaq;rQoda
k vSmif?odrf;qnf;jcif;
rjyK&/
(X)
yd;k owfaq;rsm;a&mif;cs&mwGifwHqy
d frsm;ESiht
f oH;k jyKolrsm;twGuf
vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;jrefrmbmomjzihjf yefqdkazmfjyxm;jcif;rsdK;yg0if&rnfjzpf
NyD; ¤if;ESihy
f wfoufí Registration Board rS twnfjyKcsuf&,l& rnf/
(!)
Registration Board
rS tcgtm;avsmfpGmuefYowfonhf yd;k owfaq; a&mif;
csrIrsm;onfoufqdkif&mrefae*smrsm;rSxkwa
f y;xm;onh0
f ,f,c
l Giy
fh grpf½Sd
onhy
f k*¾Kd vfrsm;(okYd )vufrSw&
f yd;k owfaq;toH;k jyKolrsm;twGuo
f mjzpfyg
onf/
(¡)
yd;k owfaq;rsm;vufv?D vufum;a&mif;0,f&mwGifjzwfyi
dk f;rsm;ESihf
0,f,o
l lrsm;\trnfrsm;?yd;k owfaq;trsdK;tpm;ESihfa&mif;csonhy
f rmP
rsm;azmfjyyg½Sdonhf aeYpOfta&mif; pm&if;rSwfwrf; pmtkyfxm;½Sd&rnf/
tqdy
k gjzwfydi
k f;rsm;ESihf
refae*sm
(okYd )
pm&if;rSwfwrf;pmtkyfrsm;udk
ppfaq;olrsm;rS
ppfaq;&ef
oufqkdif&m
vdt
k yfonht
f cg
jyoEdi
k f&ygrnf/
(P) vrf;ab;0J,mrsm;wGif
yd;k owfaq;rsm;udk
tpm;tpmypön;f rsm;?
aq;0g;rsm;ESihf yl;wGJí a&mif;csjcif;rjyK &/
(w) yd;k owfaq;rsm;uda
k &mif;cs&mwGifvHjk cHKpGmxkyfy;dk ía&mif;cs&rnfjzpfNyD;
ysufpD;aeonhfxkwy
f d;k onh(f okYd )ukefaowåmypön;f rsm;tm;vHjk cHKpGmjyef
vnfxw
k fyd;k NyD;rS a&mif;cs&rnf/
(x) yd;k owfaq;rsm;tm;wHqy
d fESit
hf oH;k jyK&efvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;ryg0ifbJ
a&mif;csjcif;rjyK&/
(')
rnfonhftaMumif;jycsufjzihjf zpfapyd;k owfaq;rsm;?"mwfjyKyg0if
rsm; (okYd ) xkwy
f d;k onhy
f pön;f rsm;udkpGefYypf&mwGif
DOA
ypönf;
\vrf;ñTef csuf
rsm; twdi
k f; vdu
k femaqmif&Gu&
f rnf/
(")
tu,fívdi
k fpif(cGihjf yKrdefY)udi
k faqmifxm;ol\vuf0,fwGif½o
Sd nhf
yd;k owfaq;(okYd )"mwfjyKyg0ifypön;f rsm;rSmt&nftaoG;ysufpD;,d,
k Gif;ae
aMumif; ppfaq;pOfawGU½S&
d ygu ¤if;wkYd tm; qufvuftoH;k jyKjcif;?
a&mif;csjcif;rsm;udkDOA\vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;twdi
k f;vdu
k femaqmif&Gu&
f
rnf/
(e)
yd;k owfaq;ESihy
f wfoufí
oufqkdif&mNrdKUe,frefae*sm
(okYd )
ppfaq;
a&;rSL;\ppfaq;rIukdcGihjf yK&rnfjzpfNyD;vdt
k yfonht
f ultnDay;tyf&rnf/
(y)
tydk'fcG(J w)t&ppfaq;pOfumvtwGif;oufqkdif&mrefae*sm(okYd )
ppfaq;olrSt&nftaoG;ppfaq;&eferlemvkt
d yfyguowfrSwx
f m;
onhe
f rlemaumuf,jl cif;enf;pepft&vdt
k yfonhy
f rmP^tav;csdeferl
emudt
k caMu;aiGrJh,laqmifEi
dk f&rnfjzpfNyD;¤if;erlemaumuf,jl cif;twGuf
oufqdkif&m
refae*sm
(okYd r[kw)f
ppfaq;olrS
erlemaumuf,ljcif;
vufrSwx
f kwa
f y;&rnf/
toH;k jyKolrsm;rS vdkue
f maqmif&Gu&
f rnhf pnf;urf;owfrSwc
f sufrsm;
(u)
(Registration Board)
rS oD;ESjH y|mef;owfrSwa
f y;xm;onhf yd;k owfaq;rsm;
udk owfrSwx
f m;onhfyHp
k Hrsm;twdi
k f;om toHk;jyK&rnf/
(c)
tdrfokH;tjzpftoH;k jyK&efazmfpyfxm;onhft&mrsm;rSvJGírnfonhy
f ;dk owf
aq;rQaetdrf {&d,mrsm;twGif;odrf;qnf;jcif;rjyK&/
(*)
(Registration
Board)
rSazmfjyxm;csuftwdi
k f;
ydk;owfaq;toH;k jyKonhf
aumuf&dwfor
d f;rIrwdkifrMSD um;umvukefqkH;NyD;aemufrSompm;oH;k oD;ESr
H sm;
ud&
k dwo
f drf;jcif;^a&mif;csjcif;rsm;uda
k qmif&Guf &rnf/
(C) owfrSwfxm;onhe
f rlemaumufenf;pepfrsm;t&?yd;k owfaq;t<uif;
tusefavhvmqef;ppfjcif;twGuo
f D;ESHerlemrsm;\vdt
k yfaomyrmPESihf
tav;csdefrsm;udo
k ufqdi
k f&m ppfaq;a&;refae*smrsm; \vdt
k yfcsuft&
tcaMu;aiGrJjh znhq
f nf;ay;&rnfjzpfNyD;,if;okdYerlemaumuf,ljcif;t
wGuo
f ufqdi
k f&mNrdKUe,frefae*sm
(okYd )
ppfaq;a&;rSL;rS
]]erlem
aumuf,ljcif;vufrSw}f }xkwa
f y;&ygrnf/
(i)
usef;rma&;OD;pD;Xme?ñTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyf\xifjrif,q
l csuftay:t
ajccHí
DOA\qH;k jzwfcsufonf&dwo
f drf;pm;oH;k oD;ESr
H sm;wGify;dk owf
aq;t<uif;tusefrsm;cGihjf yKyrmPxufyr
dk jdk rihr
f m;aeonfqkdonhf
tcsufESihf &nfñe
T f;udkufnr
D I½&
Sd ygrnf/
a'owGif;
yd;k owfaq;a&mif;csjcif;ESihf
Oya'jy|mef;vdkue
f mapjcif;onf
toH;k jyKjcif;rsm;ESihp
f yfvsOf;í
obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf
vlom;rsm;tay:
rvdv
k m;tyfonho
f ufa&mufrIrsm;udjk zpfaponhr
f rSefuefaomyd;k owfaq;toH;k
jyKrIrsm;udx
k def;csKyf&eftvGefta&;BuD;ygonf/Edi
k fiHtwGif;rSwfyw
Hk ifxm;jcif;r½Sd
onhy
f ;dk owfaq;rsm;w&m;r0ifa&mif;csrIrsm;ysHUESHUvsuf½dSjcif;aMumihfatmufazmf
jyygenf;vrf;rsm;twdi
k f;Oya'av;pm;vdu
k femrI½Sda&;jyefvnfppfaq;pepfrsm;
twGuv
f kyfief;pOfrsm;aqmif&Gu&
f ef vdktyfEi
dk fygonf/
(1)trsdK;tom;tqiht
f aejzihp
f DrHue
d f;xdef;csKyfuy
G fua
J &;aumfrwDonf
Oya'av;pm;vdu
k fema&;ESihv
f Gwv
f yfrI½dSaomppfaq;oH;k oyfrIrsm;twGuf
vkyfief;pwifaqmif&Gua
f &;udpö&yfrsm;ESip
hf yfvsOf;íaqG;aEG;aqmif&Guo
f ifh
ygonf/
(2)a'owGif;tqiht
f aejzihfTACConfoufqkdif&mtkyfcsKyfa&;{&d,mtwGif;yd;k
rTm;pDrHcefYcGr
J ItwGuO
f ya'av;pm;vdu
k fema&;ESihfvGwv
f yfrI½Sdaomppfaq;
oH;k oyfjcif;rsm;jr§ihw
f ifaqmif&Guf&eft"dutcef;u@rS yg0ifoify
h gonf/
(3) TACC taejzihf oufqdi
k f&m&JXme? NrdKUe,fw&m;a&;Xmersm;ESihf teD;uyf
ndE
§ i
dI f;aqmif&Guí
f Oya'csdK;azmufaMumif;oHo,½So
d nhu
f dpö&yf
rsm;ESihy
f wfoufí xda&mufonhf Oya'av;pm; vdu
k fema&;ESihf w&m;pGJ
qdjk cif;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf yl;aygif;aqmif&Guo
f ihy
f gonf/
(4) tqdy
k gvkyfief;rsm;twGufvlrIa&;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;ESihfaus;&Gmjynfoူrsm;udk
vnf; zdwa
f c:í yl;aygif; yg0ifapoihy
f gonf/
(5) azmfjyygtcsufrsm;ESihf
udu
k fnr
D Itay:tajccHí
ppfaq;pm&if;
(Check
List)udjk yKpkaqmif&Guo
f ihNf yD;oHk;vywftvdu
k fvGwv
f yfrI½SdaomtuJjzwfppf
aq;jcif;aqmif&Gufor
l sm;rS
Checklist
ukd toHk;jyKoihf ygonf/
(6)
tqdkygvGwv
f yfaomoH;k vywftuJjzwfppfaq;jcif;tpD&ifcHpmtm;
TACC
okYd wifjyoihNf yD;Oya'ESihr
f nDñw
G faomudpö&yfrsm;ay:aygufrI½y
Sd guvdt
k yf
aomta&;,laqmif&Gur
f Irsm; vkyfaqmifEi
kd f&ef aqG;aEG; oihy
f gonf/
(7)
yd;k owfaq;toH;k jyKjcif;ESiy
hf wfoufívdt
k yfaompnf;urf;csufrsm;
ude
k m;vnfvdu
k femrI½Sa
d p&efNrdKUe,ftwGif;½Sa
d wmifor
l sm;?yd;k owfaq;t
a&mif;udk,p
f m;vS,r
f sm;ESiv
hf ufum;a&mif;0,for
l sm;udy
k nmay;tpDtpOf
rsm; aqmif&Guo
f ihfygonf/
(8)
owfrSwc
f sufrsm;vdkue
f maqmif&Gua
f &;ESip
hf yfvsOf;ítoH;k jyKolrsm;?
oufqkdif&mqufEG,f
wm0ef½o
Sd lrsm;
(stakeholders)
tm;
jzefYa0ay;Edi
k f
&eftcsuftvufrsm;?qufo,
G fa&;ESihfynmay;a&;yHy
h ;dk ypön;f rsm;udk pDpOf
xkwv
f kyf&ygrnf/
(9)
NrdKUe,ftqihO
f ya'av;pm;vdu
k fema&;aqmif&Guw
f d;k wufrIrsm;udk
ESpf0ufwBudrfusif;yonhw
f di
k f;a'oBuD;tqihf(a'otqihf)trsm;jynfol
---rsm;okYd tpD&ifcHwifjyoihy
f gonf/
(10) ydk;rTm;pDrHcefYcGr
J IESihy
f wfoufíowfrSwc
f sufrsm;ESiu
hf du
k fno
D nhfawmif
olrsm;tm;wdu
k fwe
G f;tm;ay;csD;jr§ir
hf Irsm;uda
k qmif&Guo
f ifNh yD;obm0ywf
0ef;usifqkdif&mppfaq;olrsm;rSvnf;Oya'av;pm;vdu
k fem
apjcif;rsm;udk
avvhmoH;k oyfoifNh yD;vdt
k yfovdktpD&ifcHwifjyoify
h gonf/
wnfae&mtvdu
k f tao;pdwf IPM tpDtpOf
þpDrHue
d f;t&aiGaMu;yHhy;dk &efa&G;cs,fxm;onhv
f kyfief;wnfae&mwckcsif;
pDtwGuw
f nfae&mtvdu
k f
4if;IPMtpDtpOfrSm
pDrHcefYc&
GJ efESihf
tao;pdwfIPMtpDtpOfrsm;udk
awmifor
l sm;rS
wm;qD;umuG,f
(model)wckjzpfygonf/
IPM
t"dutm;jzihf
aqmif&Guy
f grnf/
yd;k rTm;
jyóemrsm;udk
qH;k jzwfaqmif&Guf&mwGif
toH;k jyKrnhy
f p
Hk H
tpDtpOf\OD;wnfcsufrSm xda&mufaumif;rGef í
pD;yGm;a&;qdi
k f&mESiho
f bm0ywf0ef;usifqkdif&maumif;rGefaomenf;pepfrsm;udt
k
oH;k jyK íyd;k rTm;rsm;udv
k ufcHEdi
k fonhftqihw
f Gif xdef;csKyfxm; Edi
k f&efjzpfonf/
t&nftaoG;jrihfrm;í
cGjJ cm;owfrSwjf cif;rsm;?
xda&mufrI½a
Sd omIPMtpDtpOfwi
G f
avhvmppfaq;jcif;rsm;?
pHowfrSwc
f sufrsm;?
owfrSwt
f wdi
k f;twmrsm;?
aqmif&Gur
f Irsm;?
tuJjzwfjcif;rsm;
tygt0if
trsm;tjym;yg0if
aygif;pyfxm;ygonf/
enf;vrf;
yd;k rTm;rsm;rS
AsL[m
oD;ESx
H GuE
f Ief;tay:
rnfodkYvTrf;rd;k rI½So
d nf? xdef;csKyf rIrsm;udk rnfonht
f csdefwi
G f toH;k jyKrnf?
rnfonhx
f def;csKyfa&;enf;pepfrsm;rSqDavQmfoiha
f wmfonfponfjzihf
ap&efawmifor
l sm;rSyd;k rTm;yrmP^jyefYyGm;rIrsm;udk
vdt
k yfygonf/
IPM
tpDtpOf
taejzihf
od½E
Sd dkif
avhvmapmihMf unh&
f ef
yd;k rTm;xdef;csKyf&mwGif
toH;k jyKrnhf
aqmif&Gur
f Ienf;vrf;tao;pdwu
f dkcjGJ cm;owfrSwjf cif;rjyKrSDpOf;pm;&efvkdtyf
onhf
enf;vrf;?
AsL[m
rsm;udk
azmfxw
k faqmif&Guy
f grnf/
tqdy
k genf;vrf;^AsL[mrsm;wGifatmufazmfjyyg½laxmihr
f sm; yg0ifoihy
f gonf/
-
pHowfrSwc
f sufrsm;
(Oyrm
–
jynfot
l rsm;usef;rma&;ESihf
ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;?obm0ywf0ef;usifysufpD;rI tenf;yg;qHk;^tedrq
fh H;k twdkif;
twm?a&½Snfxdef;csKyfEdi
k frnht
f jrihr
f m;qH;k tvm;tvm?ukefusp&dwo
f ufom
jcif;
ESihf
vufawGUatmifjrifpGmaqmif&GufEi
dk frI
...ponf)?
yd;k owfaq;
toH;k jyKjcif;rwdi
k frSc
D GjJ cm;owfrSwjf cif;rsm;?avhvmapmihMf unhp
f pfaq;jcif;(&nf
rSef;onh&
f v'faumif;rsm;&½Sd&eftaumif;rGefqHk;tcsdefukdua
f qmif&Gur
f Irsm;t
wGuq
f H;k jzwf&mwGifawmifor
l sm;tm;yHy
h ;dk ulnDjcif;)?aqmif&Gur
f Irsm;twGuf
owfrSwt
f wdi
k f;twmrsm;?
aqmif&Gur
f ItrsdK;tpm;yHp
k H
ESihf
aqmif&Gur
f I
(treatment)rsm;usdK;aMumif;nDnÜwfqa
D vsmfrIESiy
hf wfoufíppfaq;rIrsm;tay:t
ajccHonhftuJjzwfjcif;rsm;ponfwdkYjzpfygonf/
a,bl,stm;jzihf
IPM
tpDtpOfonfpDrHue
d f;{&d,m½Sdo½kyfjyjcif;?todynmjrSiw
hf ifjcif;?oifwef;rsm;?
vkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f Iavhvmppfaq;jcif;rsm; ponfwkdY ESiy
hf wfouf ít"du
xm;aqmif&Guy
f grnf/
yl;wGJ (6) –qnfab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;ESihfqufpyfonhf vkyfief;pOfrsm;jcHKiHk azmf
jycsuf
BuD;rm;onhq
f nfBuD;rsm;ESiy
hf wfoufíOP4.37(qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;)
t&aqmif&Gur
f nfjzpfNyD;ao;i,fonhfqnfrsm;tm;OP4.01(EIA)t&aqmif&Guy
f g
rnf/
qnfBuD;rsm;tjzpf
atmufygtajctaersm;wGifowfrSwy
f gonf/
-
(u) 15rDwmtxuf tjrih½
f dSjcif; (c) tjrihf 10 – 15rDwmtMum; ½Sd
atmufygtcsufwckckESihf jynhp
f jHk cif; ((i) a&avSmifuef\ oka
d vSmifpGrf;&nf
3 million m3
(okYd )
txuf½Sdjcif;
(iii)
spillway
(ii)
crest
pGrf;&nf
tvsm;rDwm 500
2,000m3/s
(500m)txuf½jSd cif;
txuf½jSd cif;)wkYd jzpfygonf/
BuD;rm;onhq
f nfBuD;rsm;\ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;qdi
k f&mtuJjzwfcsuftpD&ifcHpm
ESia
hf b;uif;vHjk cHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm;udv
k Hjk cHKa&;ESihfvQdKU0Sufxm;½Sd&rnht
f ajctae
rsm;aMumiha
f zmfjytoday;jcif;rjyKyg/ta&;ay:tajctaejyifqifaqmif&Gur
f It
pDtpOf(EPP)vufurf;pmapmifrsm;uda
k 'ocHjynfolrsm;twGut
f a&;ay:tajct
aeESiq
fh ufoG,o
f nhv
f kyfief;pOfrsm;tm;od½e
Sd m;vnfap&efjyifqifaqmif&Guy
f g
rnf/
t&nftcsif;jynf0
h onhy
f nm½SSifrsm;rSqnfrsm;jyefvnfxa
l xmifa&;vkyf
ief;rsm;twGuf vdt
k yfonhy
f Hp
k H jyKjcif;? BuD;Muyfjcif;rsm;uda
k qmif&Guy
f grnf/
vdt
k yfonhp
f l;prf;avhvmppfaq;rIrsm;?wdi
k f;wmrIrsm;ESiBhf uD;MuyfrIrsm;tygt0if
tao;pdwfyHp
k HjyKjyifjcif;qdi
k f&mtMuHay;aqmif&Gur
f Irsm;twGuf
TORs
udk
urÇmb
h PfrSokH;oyf ½Sif;vif;aqmif&Guy
f grnf/
taumiftxnfazmfpOfumvtwGif;owfrSw&
f ef½o
Sd nhfaemufxyfqnf
rsm;\ ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&; qdi
k f&mtajctaersm;ESiy
hf wfoufí urÇmb
h PfESihf
vGwv
f yfrI½Sa
d omynm½SSifrsm; (dam)rS oH;k oyf&efvkdtyfygonf/ tvm;wlyif
owfrSwx
f m;onhfqnf(4)ck(a&avSmifuef(5)ck)ESia
hf emufxyfowfrSwfonhf
qnfrsm;\tao;pdwy
f Hp
k Hydi
k f;qdi
k f&m&v'frsm;udkurÇmb
h PfESihE
f i
dk fiHwumqnf
uRrf;usifynm½Sifrsm;rSoH;k oyfppfaq;&efvdt
k yfygrnf/xdYk jyiftqky
d gqnfrsm;
\vGwv
f yfrI½Sa
d omab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;qdkif&mtuJjzwfcsufESijhf yefvnfxlaxmif
a&;qdi
k f&m
yHp
k HokH;oyfcsufrsm;tm;
urÇmb
h PfrS
oH;k oyf½Sif;vif;jcif;rsm;
aqmif&Guy
f grnf/
qnfav;ck\ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm;(Oyrm-aqmufvy
k fa&;qdi
k f
&mpDrHBuD;Muyfjcif;ESiht
f &nftaoG;,HMk unfpdwfcs&rItpDtpOf?ypönf;ud&d,mydi
k f;
qki
d f&mtpDtpOf?
O
&
M
tpDtpOf?ta&;ay:tajctae
jyifqifxm;½SdSrI
tpDtpOf(EPP)ponfrsm;udkjyifqifa&;umvtwGif;BuD;rm;onhq
f nfwpfckcsif;
pDtwGut
f ao;pdwfyHp
k HtMuHay;aqmif&GufrIrsm;udjk yifqif&efvkdtyfonf/tqdk
ygqnfab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm;\ta&;BuD;onht
f csufrsm;udk
yl;wGp
J mrsufESmatmufydi
k f;ESihf ueOD;
O & M
tpDtpOfESihf
EPP
rlabmifrsm;
twGuf aemufqufwGr
J sm; wGifazmfjyxm;ygonf/ txl;ojzihf ueOD;
M
tpDtpOfESihf
CSQA
EPP
O &
rlabmifrsm;udk aqG;aEG;oabmwlNyD;jzpfygonf/
tpDtpOf?ypön;f ud&d,mydi
k f;qdkif&mtpDtpOf?
EPPrsm;tm;Eki
d fiHwumqnfynm½Si
S fESihf
O & M
tpDtpOfESihf
urÇmb
h PfrSokH;oyfrIaqmif&Guy
f grnf/
qnfusdK;ayguf&eftvm;tvm½SdonhftajctaersdK;wGifowday;vkyfief;
pOfrsm;?ab;vGw&
f ma&TUajymif;&rnhv
f rf;aMumif;rsm;awGUqH&
k rnho
f wfrSwfae&m
rsm;ponfwkdYESihy
f wfoufí
a'ocHjynfor
l sm;\todynmjrSiw
hf ifjcif;ESihf
owif;tcsuftvufjzefYjzL;jcif;rsm;twGuf
EPP
vufurf;pmapmifrsm;udk
jyifqifygrnf/
tao;pdwfvy
k fief;pOfrsm;udk
a&avSmifuef
(5)ckESihf
(i)owfrSwx
f m;onhf
(ii)taumif
txnf
qnf(4)ck
azmfpOfumvtwGif
owfrSwr
f nha
f emufxyfqnfrsm;twGuf atmufygtwdi
k f; azmfjyygonf/
owfrSwfqnfrsm;
jyifqifa&;umvtwGif;qnfab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;oHk;oyfcsufwi
G fowfrSwf
qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;udpö&yfrsm;ESihfajz½Sif;aqmif&Guf&rnht
f qdjk yKtpDtpOf
rsm;
yg0ifygonf/
qnf
(4)ck^a&avSmifuef
(5)cktm;
qnfBuD;
rsm;tjzpf trsdK;tpm;owfrSwy
f gonf/
tao;pdwfpl;prf;avhvmrIESiha
f jz½SSif;aqmif&Gua
f &;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf
yHp
k HavhvmrIrsm;tm;urÇmhbPfrS½Sif;vif;rnhTfORtay:tajccHítaumiftxnf
azmfpOfumvtwGif; tMuHjyKtzGUJ tpnf;rS aqmif&Guo
f Gm; ygrnf/
pl;prf;avhvmrI&v'frsm;ESihf
tao;pdwy
f p
Hk HudE
k i
kd fiHwumqnfynm½SSifESihf
urÇmhbPfwkdYrS oHk;oyfrI aqmif&Guy
f grnf/
CSQA
tpDtpOf?ypön;f ud&d,mydi
k f;qdkif&mtpDtpOf?
O & M
tpDtpOfESihf
EPPtpDtpOfrsm;udt
k xuf&nfne
T f;ygyHp
k Hyi
dk f;qki
d f&mynm½Si
S frSjyifqifjyKpkrnfjzpf
NyD;4if;udE
k ki
d fiHwumqnfynm½SSifESiu
hf rÇmhbPfwkdYrSavhvmoH;k oyfrIaqmif&Guf
ygrnf/
owday;vkyfief;pOfrsm;?ab;vGw&
f mwGifa&TUajymif;&rnhv
f rf;aMumif;rsm;?
awGUqHk&rnho
f wfrSwfae&mrsm;ESiy
hf wfoufía'ocHjynfolrsm;\todynmjrSihf
wifjcif;ESiho
f wif;tcsuftvufjzefYjzL;jcif;rsm;twGufEPPvufurf;pmapmifukd
jyKpkaqmif&Guy
f grnf/
taumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif; owfrSwr
f nhq
f nfrsm;
aemufxyfqnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;ESiq
hf ufpyfqnfrsm;tm;owfrSwNf yD;
onfESiw
hf NydKifeufEki
d fiHwumqnfynm½SifrSqnfrsm;\ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;qdi
k f
&mavhvmoHk;oyfcsufudkaqmif&Gur
f nfjzpfonf/tqdy
k gtpD&ifcHpmtm;urÇmh
bPfrSavhvmoH;k oyfygrnf/
qnfab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;qdi
k f&mtEÅ&m,frsm;tm;ajz½Sif;&eftpDtpOfrsm;vdk
tyfygutMuHay;tzGUJ tpnf;rStao;pdwfpl;prf;avhvmrIESiy
hf p
Hk HavhvmrIrsm;udk
aqmif&Guy
f grnf/4if; TOR tm;urÇmhbPfrS avhvmoH;k oyfygrnf/
tao;pdwfpl;prf;avhvmmrI&v'frsm;ESiy
fh p
Hk HukdurÇmb
h PfESihE
f i
dk fiHwum
qnfynm½SifwdkYrS avhvm oH;k oyfygrnf/
tu,fíqnfrsm;tm;qnfBuD;rsm;tjzpfavhvmoH;k oyfyguyHp
k Hyi
dk f;qdi
k f&
mtzGUJ tpnf;rS
tpDtpOfESihf
CSQA
EPP
CSOA
tpDtpOf?
EPP tpDtpOfwkdYtm;
ypönf;ud&d,mydi
k f;qdkif&mtpDtpOf?
O & M
jyifqifaqmif&Guf ygrnf/
tpDtpOf?ypönf;ud&d,mydi
k f;qdkif&mtpDtpOf?
O & M
tpDtpOfESihf
tpDtpOfwkdYtm; vGwv
f yfrI½a
Sd om qnfynm½Si
S frsm;ESihf urÇmb
h PfwkYd rS
avhvmoH;k oyfygonf/(a'ocHjynfor
l sm;twGuf
EPP
vufurf;pmapmif
rsm;udjk yKpkjyifqifygrnf/)
qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm;
owfrSwx
f m;onhf
qnf(4)ck?
a&avSmifuef
(5)ckESihf
taumif
txnfazmfpOftwGif; owfrSwr
f nhf aemufxyfqnfrsm;tygt0if qnfBuDး
rsm;twGuf
urÇmhbPf\
qnfab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;rl0g'
(OP
4.37)t&
atmufygqnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm;udkjyifqifaqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/
4if;wGifatmufygwdYk yg0ifygonf/
aqmufvkyfa&;qdkif&mpDrHBuD;Muyfjcif;ESihft&nftaoG;,HMk unfpdwfcs&rI (CSQA)
CSQAtpDtpOfwi
G fvuf½Sq
d nfrsm;\ajz½Sif;aqmif&GufrIqkdif&mwnf
aqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;tm;pDrHBuD;Muyf&eftzGUJ tpnf;?0efxrf;tqihr
f sm;?
vkyfief;pOfrsm;?
ypönf;ud&d,mESihf
t&nftaoG;rsm;?
ponfwkdYESiht
f wl
aqmufvkyfa&;umvtwGif;yHp
k H\qnfab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;ESiq
hf ufEG,a
f om
tpdwt
f ydi
k f;rsm;tm;jynhp
f Hv
k Ha
k vmufpGmaqmif&GuE
f i
dk faMumif;aocsmap&ef
ponht
f csufrsm;yg0ifygonf/
pDrHue
d f;taumif
txnfazmfumvtwGif;
tao;pdwfyHp
k Hydi
k f;qdkif&mynm½SifrSBuD;rm;onhq
f nfwpfckcsif;pDtwGuf
tpDtpOfrsm;jyifqifjyKpk&rnfjzpfNyD;4if;udktao;pdwfyp
Hk Hrsm;aqmif&GuNf yD;pD;jcif;
rwdi
k frSD avhvmoH;k oyfEdi
k f&ef urÇmb
h PfokYd wifjy&rnf/
ypönf;ud&d,mydi
k f;qkdif&mtpDtpOf
ypön;fu&
d d,mydi
k f;qkdif&mtpDtpOfwi
G fvuf½y
Sd pönf;ud&d,mrsm;ESit
hf opf
jznhq
f nf;rnhu
f d&d,mypönf;rsm;tygt0if qnftajctae^vu©Pm&yfrsm;udk
avhvmppfaq;rSwfwrf;wifxm;&efESia
hf &^rd;k Zvqdi
k f&mwnfaqmufyq
Hk di
k f&mESihf
ajrivsiftcsuftvufrsm;ponfrsm;twGuf avhvmppfaq;&mwGiftoH;k jyK&ef
vdt
k yfonfypönf;ud&d,mrsm;uda
k zmfjyygonf/tpDtpOfwi
G fypönf;ud&d,mrsm;
\trsdK;tpm;?ta&twGu?f tcif;tusif;ESiht
f ao;pdwo
f wfrSwc
f sufrsm;yg
0ifrSmjzpfovdu
k d&d,mtrsdK;tpm;rsm;\avhvm^tcsuftvufaumuf,lEi
kd frI
BudrfEIef;(readingfrequency)ESiho
f wday;csufaqmif&Gu&
f efowfrSwt
f wdi
k f;twmrsm;
vnf;yg0ifrSmjzpfonf/BuD;rm;onhf
qnfwpfckcsif;pDtwGuf
tpDtpOfrsm;udk
pDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmfumvtwGif;tao;pdwy
f p
Hk Hyi
dk f;qdkif&mynm½Si
S frSjyKpk
jyifqifí
urÇmhbPfESihf
ESpfOD;)xHodkY
avhvmoH;k oyfEdi
k f&ef
wifjy&ygrnf/
vGwv
f yfrI½a
Sd om
qnfynm½Sif
(wpfOD;^
tao;pdwfyHp
k Hyi
dk f;aqmif&GuNf yD;pD;rIrwdi
k frSD
vkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f IESihf jyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rI (O & M)tpDtpOf
O&MtpDtpOfwi
G ftzGUJ tpnf;qdkif&mzGUJ pnf;yH?k
uRrf;usifrI? vdt
k yfonhf
oifwef;rsm;?
0efxrf;?enf;ynmqki
d f&m
qnfvy
k fief;aqmif&Gur
f IESihf
jyKjyif
xdef;odrf;jcif;twGuv
f dt
k yfonhf ypönf;ud&d,mESihf yHy
h ;dk rIt*Fg&yf rsm;?
Mvkyfief;pOf?
O
&
M
vkyfief;twGuf&efya
Hk iGpDpOfxm;½Sr
d I?
O &
yHr
k Sefavhvm
apmihMf unh^
f ppfaq;jcif;tygt0if?a&½SnfjyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rIESihfab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;
ppfaq;rIponfwdkYyg0ifygonf/
BuD;rm;onhq
f nfBuD;wpfckcsif;pDtwGufO&MtpDtpOfukp
d DrHue
d f;taumif
txnfazmfumvtwGif;tao;pdwy
f p
Hk Hydkif;ynm½SifrSjyifqifjyKpkí
tao;pdwf
yHp
k Hyi
dk f;aqmif&GuNf yD;pD;jcif;rwdi
k fr4
SD if;udkurÇmb
h PfESihf Edi
k fiHwumqnfynm½Sif
wOD;xHokYd avhvmoH;k oyf&efwifjy&ygrnf/tqky
d gtpDtpOfukdjyifqifa&;umv
twGif;
aqG;aEG;oabmwlNyD;jzpfaom
ueOD;O
& M
tpDtpOf
(yl;wGJ
6-
1)tay:tajccHí jyKpkjyifqif&ygrnf/
ta&;ay:tajctaejyifqifxm;½Sr
d ItpDtpOf (EPP)
qnfysufqD;^,k,
d Gif;rIwpHw
k &mjzpfyGm;Eki
d fonht
f ajctae(okYd ) qnfvy
k f
ief;qdkif&ma&pD;qif;rIonfa&pkef^atmufydi
k f;a'orsm;½Sjd ynfor
l sm;?ypönf;Opöm
rsm;(okYd ) jrpfa&pD;qif;rIyrmP tay:tajccH onhp
f D;yGm;a&; tajctaersm;
tay:wpHw
k &mNcdrf;ajcmufrI½SdEi
dk fonhftajctaersdK;wGifoufqi
dk f&mtzGUJ tpnf;
rsm;\wm0efESiht
f cef;u@rsm;udt
k ao;pdwa
f zmfjyxm;ygonf/
4if;wGifatmufygtcsuftvufrsm;yg0ifygonf/qnfvy
k fief;aqmif&Gur
f IqkH;
jzwfcsufcsrSwa
f qmif&Gufjcif;ESihfta&;ay:tajctaequfo,
G fa&;vkyfief;rsm;
twGuw
f m0ef^0w¦&m;rsm;½Si
S f;vif;azmfjycsuf/ta&;ay:tajctaetrsdK;rsdK;t
wGua
f &BuD;^a&vTrf;yrmPrsm;azmfjyonha
f jryHr
k sm;?a&vTrf;^a&BuD;owday;p
epfvu©Pm&yfrsm;?tEÅ&m,f½dSonhf{&d,mrsm;½SjSd ynfor
l sm;ab;vGwf&ma&TU
ajymif;Edi
k fa&;vkyfief;pOfESihfta&;ay:tajctaetiftm;pkrsm;ESihy
f pönf;ud&d,m
rsm;pDpOfaqmif&Gur
f Itp½SdonfwdYk yg0ifygonf/a&vTrf;^a&BuD;rIjyajryHr
k sm;
onfqnfa&atmufydi
k f;a'orsm;wGifqnfusdK;aygufrI?a&ysHUESa
H &muf½r
Sd SK
avhvmjcif;ESihq
f nfusdK;aygufrIo½kyfjyyHp
k Hi,frsm;tay:tajccHíqnfusdK;
yHp
k HjyK
aygufrIa&a&muf½Sr
d nht
f csdefESia
hf &vTrf;^a&BuD;Edkifrnhu
f mvrsm;uda
k zmfjy&yg
rnf/a&vTrf;jcif;aMumihy
f sufpD;Edi
k frIcefYrSef;ajcrsm;ESit
hf oufq;Hk ½S;Hl Edi
k frItvm;t
vmrsm;udt
k xufyg&v'frsm;tay:tajccHícefYrSef;wGuc
f suf jyKpk&ygrnf/
qnfBuD;rsm;wpfckcsif;pDtwGufEPPtpDtpOfukdpDrHue
d f;taumiftxnf
azmfumvtwGif;tao;pdwfyHp
k Htwdi
k f;ynm½SSifrSjyifqifjyKpkíurÇmhbPfESihf
Eki
d fiHwumqnfynm½SifwpfOD;xHokYd avhvmoH;k oyfEi
dk f&eftao;pdwfyHp
k Hyi
dk f;qdkif
&mtMuHjyKaqmif&Gur
f Iaqmif&GuNf yD;pD;jcif;rwdi
k frSDwifjy&ygrnf/4if;tpDtpOfukd
jyifqifa&;umvtwGif;aqG;aEG;oabmwlxm;onhf
rlabmif(yl;wGJ
EPP
(6.21)tay:tajccHí jyifqifoihy
f gonf/
yl;wGJ 6.1ueOD; vkyi
f ef;aqmif&GufrIEi
S fh jyKjyifxdef;odr;f rItpDtpOf
1/ ed'gef;
v,f,mpdu
k fysdK;a&;0efBuD;Xmevufatmuf½Sp
d u
dk fysdK;a&;zGUH NzdK;wdk;wufrI
taxmuftuljyKpDrHue
d f;\
wpdww
f a'otjzpf
tcsdKUaomqnfajrmif;pepf
(7-8)ckcefYtm; jyefvnfxa
l xmifa&;aqmif&Guy
f gonf/ 4if;wdkY teuf pepf
(4)cktm;
ueOD;owfrSwx
f m;NyD;jzpfí
jznhq
f nf;ay;aeygonf/
tqdy
k g
4if;wdYk tm;
pepfrsm;rSm
a&avSmifuefrsm;rS
rEÅav;?
ppfukdif;?
yJcl;
ta½SUESihf aejynfawmfa'oBuD;rsm;wGif wnf½y
Sd gonf/ tqdy
k g wnf½Sd jyD;
qnfrsm;rS
Z,m;-8wGif
pdu
k fysdK;a&;a'orsm;okYd
awGUEdi
k fygonf/
qnfa&jznhq
f nf;ay;rnfjzpfNyD;
4if;ueOD;vkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f IESihf
4if;udk
jyKjyifxe
d f;
odrf;rI(O&M)tpDtpOfwi
G frvdewfawmifqnf(rEÅav;)?ajrmuf,rm;txuf^
atmufqnfrsm;(ppfukdif;)?qGmqnf(yJcl;ta½SU)ESihq
f ifoq
J nf(aejynfawmf)rsm;
\yHr
k Sefvy
k fief;aqmif&GufrIESihjf yKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rIvkyfief;rsm;yg0ifygonf/xdYk t
jyiftzGUJ tpnf;qdi
k f&mzGUJ pnf;yH?k 0efxrf;?enf;ynmqdi
k f&muRrf;usifrI?vdt
k yfonhf
oifwef;rsm;?qnf\vkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f IESijhf yKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rIrsm;twGufvdt
k yf
aomypönf;ud&d,mESihfyHy
h d;k rIt*Fg&yfrsm;?O&Mvkyfief;pOf?&efya
Hk iGpDpOfxm;½Sr
d IESihf
a&½Snjf yKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rItygt0ifab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ppfaq;rIrsm;ponfwYdk
vnf; yg0ifygonf/
O&M
t&
tpDtpOfonf urÇmb
h Pf\qnfab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;rl0g'
vdt
k yfonhq
f nfrsm;
ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tpDtpOf
(4)ckteuf
OP 4.37
wckjzpf
ygonf/ 4if;wGif (1) wnfaqmufa&;qdi
k f&mpDrHBuD;MuyfrIESihf t&nftaoG;
,HMk unfpdwc
f s&rItpDtpOf(2)ypönf;ud&d,mydi
k f;qdkif&mtpDtpOf(3)ta&;ay:t
ajctaejyifqifxm;½dSrItpDtpOfESihf(4)þO&MtpDtpOfwdkYjzpfygonf/
þueOD;
O & M
tpDtpOfESiy
hf wfoufí pDrHue
d f; taumiftxnf azmfpOf
umvyxr2ESpftwGif;jyefvnfaumif;rGefa&;vkyfief;rsm;twGut
f ao;pdwfyHp
k H
rsm;jyifqifaqmif&Gujf cif;rsm;rSwqihfa&G;cs,fowfrSwr
f nhfaemufxyfqnfrsm;
ESia
hf zmfjyNyD;jzpfonhfqnf4ck(a&avSmifuef5ck)tygt0ifqnfwckcsif;pDtwGuf
jynhp
f a
Hk umif;rGefonhfO&MtpDtpOfrsm;tjzpfavhvmoH;k oyfítNyD;owfaqmif
&GufomG ;rnfjzpfNyD;vufawGUtajctaersm;ESiq
hf nf\tNyD;owfjyefvnfxl
axmifa&;yHp
k HESihq
f ufpyfypönf;ud&d,mrsm;(qnfab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;tuJjzwf
csuftpD&ifcHpm?vQyfppfESihfpufrIypönf;ud&d,mrsm;ESiy
hf wfoufíypönf;xkwv
f kyf
^jznfq
h n;fo\
l O&Mvkyfief;vrf;nTef)tm;xif[wfaprnfjzpfygonf/
qnf\vkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f IpepfESiv
hf kyfief;pOfrsm;wGifoo
d monht
f ajymif;tvJ
wpHw
k &mr½Sy
d guvnf;
O & M
tpDtpOftm; tcsdefESihf wajy;nD jyefvnf
jyifqif&ygrnf/qnfwckcsif;pDtwGuf jynhp
f o
Hk nhf
O & M
tpDtpOfrsm;tm;
vHjk cHKa&;pnf;rsOf;^tajctaeaMumihf azmfjyEdi
k frnfr[kwy
f g/
1.1/
þpmwrf;\zGUJ pnf;yHk
þueOD;O&MtpDtpOfonfjynhp
f o
Hk nhfO&MtpDtpOfjyifqifaqmif&Guf
jcif;twGuf tajccH tjzpfwnf½r
Sd nfjzpfNyD; atmufygwdYk yg0ifygonf/
 qnf\ta&;BuD;onhf tpdwt
f ydi
k f;rsm;ESihf yHy
h ;dk rIt*Fg&yfrsm;
 vkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f Iqkdif&mvdt
k yfcsufrsm;(wm0ef^0wÅ&m;ESihftcef;u@^
a&pDrHcefYcGr
J I? vkyfief; aqmif&GufrI tqihq
f ih?f a&pD;qif;rI uefYowf
csufrsm; ... ponf)
 jyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rIqkdif&m vdt
k yfcsufrsm;
 avhvmppfaq;rIqdi
k f&m vdt
k yfcsufrsm;
1.2/ qnfrsm;\ta&;BuD;onht
f pdwt
f ydi
k f;rsm;
atmufwi
G fazmfjyxm;onhfqnfrsm;onf
ueOD;a&G;cs,fa&;vkyfief;pOfrS
&v'frsm;jzpfygonf/vkyfief;rsm;\enf;ynmqdi
k f&mtao;pdwt
f csuftvuf
rsm;ESihf vkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f Irsm; wd;k wufaumif;rGef apa&;onf pDrHue
d f;\
vufawGUaqmif&GuE
f di
k frIavhvmcsufrsm;ESihftao;pdwfyp
Hk HwkdY\wpdww
f a'o
jzpfygonf/tqdjk yKqnfrsm;tm;vH;k rSmearth-fill
structures
ESihf
spillways
rsm;½Sa
d omf vnf;
qnftrsdK;tpm;
sediment flushing gates
jzpfíintake
(okYd )
emergency
drawdowngatesrsm;r½SMd uyg/a'o(4)ck½Su
d eOD;a&G;cs,fxm;onhq
f nfrsm;\0dao
ovu©Pm&yfrsm;ESihfta&;BuD;onht
f pdwftydi
k f;rsm;udZ
k ,m;8wGifazmfjyxm;yg
onf/
Z,m; 8
ueOD;a&G;cs,fxm;onhf qnfajrmif;pepfrsm;½SSd qnfrsm;\ta&;
BuD;onht
f pdwt
f ydi
k f;rsm;
A
System Description
1 Name and Name:
. Location
Region:
District/
Townships:
Nay Pyi Taw
Sinthe
Nay Pyi Taw
Tat Kone
Sagaing
North Yamar
Sagaing
Yinmarbin/
Pale+
Yinmarbin
Bago-East
Swa
Bago-East
Taungo, Yedashe
Mandalay
Male Nat Taung
Mandalay
Pyin OO Lwin/
Singu
2
Dam name
Sinthe Dam
Swa Chaung
Male Nat Taung
Type:
Year of completion :
Earthfill
1999-2000
Yamar Lower and
/Upper dam
Earthfill/Earthfill
1998-1999
Earthfill
2004-2005
Earthfill
2007-2008
Dam Height [m]
Length Crest [m]
Storage: [acre feet]
Total
Live:
Dead:
Total reservoir command
area
Gross (acres)
Net (acres)
33
411
20/41
3,170/366
30 m
2012 m
22 m
3612 m
143,090
125,787
17,303
14,057/122,900
11,221/101,660
2,836/21,240
216,350
188,180
28,170
57,470
50,060
7,410
25,416
15,218
31,000
30,320
35,000
23,467
10,000
6,500
Hydropower
Domestic Water supply
0
30 households
0/250kW
0
0
0
0
0
River name:
Catchment size (sq miles)
Sinthe Chaung
308
Yamar Chaung
191
Swa Chaung
403
Male Nat Taung
75
3
.
Dam
Water
Resources
2/ pDrHcefYcGr
J Iqkdif&mzGUJ pnf;yHk
qnfvy
k fief;aqmif&GufrItawmtwGif;?qnfyi
dk fqkdifoE
l Siv
hf kyfief;aqmif
&Guo
f lrsm;onf(tjcm;udpö&yfrsm;teuf)qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ESihfqufEG,f
onha
f tmufygta&;ygonht
f csufrsm;twGufwm0ef,l aqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/
- qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&; pDrHcefYcr
GJ I
- ta&;ay:tajctae jyifqifxm;½Sr
Sd I
- ypönf;^ydi
k fqkdifrIrsm; pDrHcefYcr
GJ I
- qnftajctaeavhvmapmihMf unhp
f pfaq;rI
- a&BuD;^a&vQH pDrHcefYcGr
J I
txufazmfjyygvkyfief;^udpö&yfrsm;tm; aqmif&GuE
f i
dk f&ef ½SSif;vif;onhf
wm0ef^0wÅ&m;rsm;ESihfvdt
k yfonhp
f DrHcefYcr
GJ Iqkdif&mzGUJ pnf;yHt
k ao;pdwftm;
O & M tpDtpOfwi
G f
owfrSwa
f zmfjy&ygrnf/
2.1/ 0efxrf;^trIxrf;rsm;
O&MtpDtpOft&vkyfief;rsm;tm;vH;k udkaqmif&Gu&
f efvdktyfonhf0efxrf;
a&;&mZ,m;wpfcktm;jyifqifaqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/tqky
d gZ,m;wGif0efxrf;ta&
twGu?f t&nftcsif;rsm;?wm0efESihftcef;u@rsm;? tpD&ifcH&rnhe
f nf;vrf;rsm;
tp½SdonfwdYk tao;pdwjf ynhp
f Hp
k Gmazmfjy&ygrnf/wm0ef0wÅ&m;rsm;ESiy
hf wfoufí
tao;pdwfazmfjycsufrsm;yg0if&rnfjzpfNyD;Oyrmrwlno
D nht
f ajctaersm;wGif
rnfor
l Qqnftm;vkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f nf?rnfor
l Srnfonhfvy
k fief;aqmif&Gur
f I^
ppfaq;rIrsm;twGuf wm0ef½So
d nf ponfwkdYyg0if&yg rnf/
qnftaejziha
f eYpOf24em&D0efxrf;rsm;jzihfaqmif&Gur
f nfjzpfNyD;vkyfief;
aqmif&Gur
f I?ppfaq;rIESihq
f nf\tvHp
k a
Hk omjyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rIrsm;udkt&nft
aoG;jynh0
f onh0
f efxrf;rsm;jzihw
f m0ef,a
l qmif&Gua
f prnfjzpfonf/
qnftajctaeapmihMf unh^
f ppfaq;jcif;vkyfief;rsm;twGuq
f nfab;uif;vHkjcHK
a&;ppfaq;rIqdi
k f&mavhusih^
f oifwef;ay;xm;onhf0efxrf;rsm;jzihf
aqmif&Guf
rnfjzpfonf/qnfab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;pDrHcefYcr
JG IESihfywfoufítawGUtMuHK½So
d nhf
t&nftcsif;jynhp
f Ha
k om
tif*sifeD,mrsm;xHrS
qnftajctaeapmihMf unhjf cif;
qdi
k f&mtcsuftvuftuJjzwfjcif;ESihfqnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;
qH;k jzwfcsufrsm;
aqmif&Gu&
f efvdktyfygonf/4if;ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm;atmifjrifpGm
taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GuE
f i
dk f&ef
O & M
tpDtpOf wpdwf wa'otjzpf
t&nftaoG;jynh0
f aom0efxrf;rsm;twGufvHa
k vmufjynhp
f a
Hk omoifwef;rsm;udk
aqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/vkyfief;aqmif&Guo
f lrsm;twGuf4if;wkdY\vkyfief;aqmif&Guf
rIESihq
f nfypönf;ud&d,mrsm;\enf;ynmqdi
k f&mu@rsm;yg0ifonho
f ifwef;rsm;
aqmif&Guy
f grnf/oifwef;tpDtpOfrsm;wGiftpdwt
f ydi
k f;rsm;ESihf
ypönf;ud&d,m
rsm;\ pGrf;&nf? 4if;wdYk \ vkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f Iponfrsm;yg0ifí 4if;wdkYtm;
off-siteoDtd&
k Dydi
k f;qdkif&mtjyifon-sitevufawGUoifwef;rsm;jzihfygaqmif&Guf
oGm;ygrnf/
3/ qnfvkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f Ivy
k fief;pOfrsm;
qnfydi
k f½Sif^refae*smonfatmufygwdkYyg0ifaomqnfvy
k fief;aqmif&Guf
rIrsm;tm;vH;k tm;aqmif&Gu&
f ef vdt
k yfygonf/
-
a&avSmifuef
first impoundment
tpDtpOf (ueOD;a&G;cs,fxm;onhv
f uf½Sd
vkyfief;aqmif&Gua
f eaom qnfrsm;ESihf roufqkdifyg)
-
a&avSmifuef
rule
curves(Oyrm-
oufqkdifygu
rwlno
D nhf
&moDrsm;twGif; xdef;odrf;xm;&rnhf a&avSmu
f ef a&yrmP)
-
yHr
k Seftajctaersm;½Sd
discharges
stream a&pD;qif;rIvkdtyfcsuf
-
(NrdKUjyESihf
qnfajrmif;a&jznhq
f nf;rI?
in
rsm; ponfwkdYESit
hf nD)
yHr
k Sefr[kwa
f omtajctaersm;½Sdd ischarges(a&vTrf;jcif;^rd;k acgifa&½Sm;
jzpfjcif;)
3.1/ qnfvy
k fief;aqmif&Gur
f ItpDtpOf
O&MtpDtpOftaejzihfatmufygwdkYyg0ifonhf
qnfvkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f I
pepftao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;udk jznfq
h nf;aqmif&Gufygrnf/
-
a&pD;qif;rIxe
d f;csKyfpepf vkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f I (gates, valves, pumps)
-
ukefxw
k fvy
k foo
l wif;tcsuftvufrsm;?yHp
k HtpD&ifcHpmrsm;?wyfqif
rItpD&ifcHpmrsm;
-
a&yrmPtwdi
k f;twmvkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f I
-
SCADAESihf
-
Ekef;wifjcif; pDrHcefYcGr
J ItpDtpOf
a&avSmifuef
vkyfief;rsm;?
tcsufay;pepf (oufqkdifygu)
elevation – area – capacity curve, spillway rating curveESit
hf jcm;
a&avSmifuef
rule curversm;udk
yl;wGp
J mrsufESmrsm;wGif
outlet
,SOfwGJ
azmfjyygrnf/
4/ jyKjyifxdef;odrf;rI
a&avSmifuefESiho
f ufqdi
k f&mzGUJ pnf;wnfaqmufyHsk tructurersm;twGuf
jyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rItpDtpOfukO
d &MtpDtpOfESihfudu
k fnp
D GmjyifqifíatmufygwdYk
aocsmpGmaqmif&Gux
f m;½SE
d di
k frI½Sdap&ef
tcsdefZ,m;t&
(okYd )
vdt
k yfcsuft&
aqmif&Gu&
f rnhv
f kyfief;rsm;tm;vH;k udk owfrSw&
f ygrnf/
-
,HMk unftm;xm;Edi
k fí ab;uif;vHjk cHKaomvkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f I
-
yHr
k Sefppfaq;jcif;
-
,d,
k Gif;ysufpD;rIrsm; apmvsifpGm½SmazGazmfxkwE
f i
kd fjcif;
-
puf^ypönf;rsm;(plant)tm;vH;k aumif;rGefaomtajctaewGif
xdef;odrf;xm;Edi
k f&ef
jyefvnf
xlaxmif
a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk
tcsdefukdua
f qmif&Gujf cif;
4.1/ jyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rItpDtpOf
jyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rItpDtpOftaejzihq
f nftpdwt
f ydi
k f;rsm;?jyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rI
vdt
k yfonhq
f ufpyfwnfaqmufrISstructuresrsm;?tcsdefZ,m;tvdu
k fjyKjyifxe
d f;
odrf;rIvy
k fief;rsm;ESihr
f nfor
l Srnfonhftcsdefwi
G frnfonhft&mtm;aqmif&GuNf yD;
pD; aMumif;ponfjzihr
f Sww
f rf;rsm;tp½So
d nfwkdYudk cGjJ cm;owfrSwx
f m;ygonf/
yHr
k SefjyKjyifxdef;odrf;jcif;(routine-maintenance)qdo
k nfrSmtcsdefumvtajc
cHjziha
f omfvnf;aumif;(tywfpOf?vpOf)?toH;k jyKrI(,EÅ,m;vnfywfrIta&t
wGu?f vkyfief;aqmif&Gu^
f vnfywfrIem&D)(okYd )tcsdefZ,m;tvdu
k frsufjrifppf
aq;rIrSavhvmawGU½So
d nht
f ajctae(tvGeftuRH,dk,i
G f;^yGef;pm;rItjzpfowfrS
wfEdi
k f)yHr
k SefjyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rIwGif½;dk pif;onhp
f ufq^
D acsmqDvv
J S,o
f nht
f qihr
f S
tvH;k pHr
k Grf;rHppfaq;jcif; txd yg0ifEi
dk fygonf/
jyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;jcif;qdi
k f&mppfaq;a&;tpDtpOftm;qnfab;uif;vHkjcHK
a&;apmihMf unhp
f pfaq;jcif;ESihf wNydKifeufwnf; vkyfaqmif&ygrnf/
-
pDrHudef;\tpdwt
f ydi
k f;wckpDtwGufab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;ESihjf yKjyifxdef;odrf;^
ppfaq;a&;yHp
k Hpm&Gu(f ppfaq;vTm)tm;aemufqufwGp
J mrsufESmwGifxnhf
oGif;xm;ygonf/ (jyifqifxm;½S&
d ef)
-
tu,fíjyKjyifxdef;odrf;jcif;ESi^
hf okdYqnfab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;udpö&yfwpHk
w&mawGU½S&
d yguaqmif&Guf
(flow
&rnfh
vkyfief;tqihq
f iha
f zmfjyonhy
f p
Hk H
chart)tm;aemufqufwJGpmrsufESmwGif
yg0ifxnfhoi
G f;xm; ygonf/
(jyifqifxm;½S&
d ef)
yHr
k SefjyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rItpDtpOftusOf;csKyfukd Z,m; 9wGifazmfjyxm;ygonf/
Z,m;-9/ yHr
k SefjyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rI^ppfaq;a&;tpDtpOf (jyifqifxm;½S&
d ef)
Maintenance Location
Main Dam
Spillway
Activity
Maintenance inspection
Maintenance inspection
Frequency
Monthly, Annually
Monthly, Annually
Intake Tower
Maintenance inspection
Monthly, Annually
Intake gate,
Low level outlet,
Maintenance gates, etc
Electrical and Mechanical Maintenance, Monthly, Annually
Inspection and Testing
Access roads and dam office Maintenance inspection
buildings
Drainage
channel
and
watercourse clearing
Monthly, Annually
culvert
Maintenance Location
Emergency maintenance
Activity
Frequency
Maintenance required after an event such As required
as a flood, typhoon, earthquake
4.2/ jyKjyifxdef;odrf;rIESihf ppfaq;a&;tpD&ifcHpmrsm; zdi
k fwJGodrf;qnf;jcif;
qnfppfaq;a&;vkyfief;rsm;tm;tcsdefZ,m;a&;qGa
J qmif&Gu&
f rnfjzpfNyD;
aumif;rGefaomrSww
f rf;xdef;odrf;xm;½Sr
d Ivnf;vdktyfygonf/4if;wGif
inspection)yHr
k Sefppfaq;jcif;twGufvpOf^ESpfpOf?jynhp
f u
kH s,fjyefYaom
(routine-
ppfaq;jcif;
(comprehensive inspection) twGut
f csdefumvtvdu
k f(1)ESpfESihfta&;BuD; onht
f jzpf
tysufrsm;jzpfyGm;NyD;aemuf(Oyrmonf;xefpGmrd;k &GmoGef;jcif;?ajrivsif? rkefwkdif;
(okYd ) vGefpGmjrihr
f m; onhf oda
k vSmifrI
extremely high storage)ponfjzihf
yg0if
ygonf/
ppfaq;a&;aqmif&Gur
f INyD;onht
f cgwdkif;wGifppfaq;a&;rSww
f rf;^tpD&if
cHpmtm;
jyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;a&;
BuD;Muyfa&;rSL;wOD;rS
qDavsmfaumif;rGefonhf
jyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rIvy
k fief;pDpOfaqmif&GuE
f i
dk f&ef tuJjzwfokH;oyf&ygrnf/
jyKjyifxe
d ;for
d f;rIvy
k fief;rSww
f rf;rsm;tm;vH;k udkueOD;jyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rIp
pfaq;a&;tMuHjyKcsufrsm;ESihw
f du
k fqkdifppfaq;Edkif&ef&nfnTef;rSww
f rf;tjzpf
odrf;qnf;xm;&efjzpfonf/tenf;qHk;vpOfaqmif&Guo
f nhy
f r
Hk SefjyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;
rIppfaq;a&;rsm;rSmjyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rIvkdtyfcsufwpHw
k &mazmfxw
k fowfrSwE
f i
dk f
&efqDavsmfrI½SNd yD;oifa
h wmfonhjf yKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rIajz½Sif;aqmif&Guc
f sufrsm;udk
vnf;tuJjzwfEdkifygonf/vpOfapmihMf unhp
f pfaq;a&;yHp
k H(ppfaq;vTm) (Monthly
Surveillance
Check
sheet)–
qnfab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;ESihf
jyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;a&;tm;
jyifqifxm;½S&
d rnfjzpfNyD;aemufqufwJGpmrsufESmwGifyg0ifygonf/
(jyifqifxm;½S&
d ef)
4.3/ tcsdefumvtvdu
k f jyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rI? ppfaq;a&;ESihf prf;oyfjcif;
pufrIESihv
f Qyfppfypön;f ud&d,mrsm;onfoiha
f wmfaumif;rGefonhfjyKjyif
xdef;odrf;jcif;ESihp
f pfaq;prf;oyfjcif;rsm;vdt
k yfygonf/*dwr
f sm;?
ESihf
Power
Supplies
rsm;tm;ppfaq;pOfumvrsm;twGif;
ESihf
Lifting equipment
tao;pm;
jyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rIvy
k fief;rsm;aqmif&Gujf cif;pojzihftjrJraoGjyKjyif
xdef;odrf;rI
aqmif&Guo
f ihy
f g onf/
ppfaq;prf;oyfrItpDtpOf\&nf&G,c
f sufrSmtoH;k jyKypön;f ud&d,mrsm;
taejzihf
aumif;rGefonhv
f kyfief;
aqmif&GuE
f i
dk frItajctaewGif½a
Sd eap&efESihf
ykr
H SefESit
hf a&;ay:tajctae(2)rsdK;vH;k wGifaqmif&GuE
f i
dk faMumif;aocsmrI½a
Sd p&ef
jzpfygonf/xdYk jyif vkyfief;aqmif&Guo
f lrsm;taejzihf 4if;ypön;f ud&d,mrsm;ESihf
tuRrf;w0if½Sa
d p&efESiht
f xl;ojzihftoH;k jyKonht
f Budrfta&twGue
f nf;yg;^t
oH;k rjyKoavmuf enf;yg;jcif;r½Sa
d p&ef vdt
k yfyg onf/
qnfwi
G fwyfqifxm;onhy
f pönf;ud&d,mrsm;twGufa,bl,stcsdeftydi
k f;
tjcm;tvdu
k ftajccHjyKjyifxdef;odrf;rIESihfprf;oyfppfaq;rIvkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Guf
&rnfjzpfonf/ukefypönf;xkwv
f kyfor
l sm;rStMuHjyKwdu
k fwe
G f;onhjf yKjyifxdef;
odrf;a&;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;tm;txl;tav;xm;&efESihfatmufazmfjyyg
a,bl,s vkyfief;rsm;ESihf aygif;pyfaqmif&Gu&
f ef ta&;BuD;ygonf/
5/ qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;apmihMf unhp
f pfaq;jcif; (surveillance)
5.1/ apmihMf unhp
f pfaq;jcif;vkyfief;\&nf&G,c
f suf
qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;apmihMf unhp
f pfaq;rItcsdefZ,m;ywfoufí
rsufjrifppfaq;jcif;ypön;f ud&d,mrsm;tm;apmihMf unhp
f pfaq;jcif;rsm;tygt0if
tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;udkO&MtpDtpOfwi
G f½Sif;vif;pGm azmfjy&rnfjzpfNyD;
qnfESiq
hf ufpyfzGUJ wnfaqmufrIstructuresrsm;ab;uif;vHkjcHKpGmvkyfief;aqmif&Guf
Eki
d fjcif;½S^
d r½SSa
d ocsmap&efaqmif&Gu&
f rnf/qnftajctaeapmihMf unhp
f pfaq;
jcif;udk atmufygwdYk twGuf aqmif&Guf &ygrnf/
-
qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tuJjzwfcsufESiq
hf ufEG,fíwdusonha
f vhvm
ppfaq; ordi
k f;aMumif; tcsuf tvufrsm; pkpnf;Edi
k fap&ef/
-
qnf\ab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;aqmif&Guc
f sufrsm;tm;yHr
k SeftuJjzwfjcif;ESihf
tpD&ifcHjcif;rsm;aqmif&GuE
f i
dk f ap&ef/
-
,d,
k Gif;rIESifq
h d;k &Gmaomtajctaetvm;tvmrsm;tm;apmvQifpGm
azmfxw
k ftpD&ifcHwifjyEdi
k fap&efESihftusdK;qufwHkYjyefaqmif&Gur
f Irsm;ESihf&
v'frsm;tm; avhvmapmihMf unhr
f Irsm; acsmarGUpGmaqmif&Guf Edi
k fap&ef/
-
Oya'a&;&mESihp
f nf;rsOf;^pnf;urf;qdkif&mvdt
k yfcsufrsm;tm;jznhf
qnf;&ef/
5.2/ypön;f ud&d,mydi
k f;avhvmppfaq;jcif;
(ypön;f ud&d,mydi
k f;qdkif&mtpDtpOfjzihf NyD;pD;aqmif&Guf&ef)
qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ESiy
hf wfoufítxl;ojzihf atmufygu@rsm;wGif
ypönf;ud&d,mydi
k f;qkdif&m avhvmppfaq;jcif;rsm;aqmif&Gu&
f ef vdktyfygonf/
-
qnf\ud,
k fxnfydkif;yHo
k @mefysuf,Gif;jcif; (odYk ) a&GUvsm;jcif;
-
Seepageavhvmppfaq;jcif;(4if;wGifwmwrH
(weirs)rsm;avhvmppfaq;jcif;
(okYd ) ta&twGu^
f twdkif;rsufjrifavhvmjcif;rsm;yg0ifygonf/)
-
Piezometer head
-
a&avSmifuefa&yrmP ponfwdkYjzpfygonf/
5.3/ yHr
k Sefppfaq;a&;tpDtpOfESihf tBudrfta&twGuf
yHr
k SefapmihMf unhp
f pfaq;jcif;(routine-surveillance)udo
k domonha
f b;uif; vHjk cHK
a&;qdi
k f&m,d,
k Gif;rI - tvm;tvmrsm;r½So
d nht
f csdefrsm;wGifaqmif&Gu&
f rnf/
yHr
k Sefppfaq;a&;tpDtpOfukdZ,m;ykHpHjziht
f usOf;csKyfazmfjyxm;ygonf/
pDrHudef;tpdwt
f ydi
k f;wckpDtwGuf
ppfaq;vTm
(check
sheet)
rsm;udk
O & M
tpDtpOf aemufqufwJGpmrsufESmwGifazmfjyxm;ygonf/ ppfaq;rItNyD; (postinspection)
aqmif&Guc
f sufrsm;twGufvnf;jzpfpOfjyyHp
k H
aemufqufwGp
J mrsufESmwGif yg0ifygonf/
(process
diagram)jzihf
5.4/
tcsuftvufrsm;
pkpnf;aumuf,jl cif;?
odrf;qnf;jcif;ESihf
qef;ppf
avhvmjcif;
5.4.1/ tcsuftvufrsm;pkpnf;aumuf,jl cif;
apmihMf unhp
f pfaq;a&;0efxrf;rsm;onfvufawGUvkyfief;cGiftcsuftvuf
rsm;aumuf,p
l kpnf;jcif;? rsufjrif avhvmppfaq;jcif;ESihf ud&d,mydi
k f;qdkif&m
ppfaq;Munh½
f Ijcif; (jrpfa&pD;qif;rI? rd;k &GmoGef;rI? a&yrmP rsm;?
see page
avhvmppfaq;jcif;rsm;yg0if)ponhv
f kyfief;rsm;twGufwm0ef,a
l qmif&Guf
&rnf/ppfaq;a&;0efxrf;rsm;twGuftcsuftvufaumuf,lrIyp
Hk HrSwqihf
wdusonht
f csuftvufrsm;pkpnf;aumuf,E
l i
dk f&efoiha
f wmfonho
f ifwef;rsm;
jznhq
f nf;ay;&rnf/
5.4.2/ tcsuftvufrsm;odrf;qnf;jcif;
ppfaq;a&;vkyfief;pOftwGif;
toH;k jyKonhf
pepfwuszdi
k fwJGor
d f;qnf;& rnf/ rdw¦Lrsm;udk
check sheets
sitewGif
rsm;tm;vH;k udk
odrf;qnf;&rnht
f jyif
O&Mrefae*smxHodkYvnf;avhvmoH;k oyfEi
dk f&efay;ykYd &rnf/rSww
f rf;wifxm;
onht
f csuftvufrsm;udkspreadsheettoH;k jyKíodrf;qnf;jcif;?qef;ppfavhvmjcif;
rsm; aqmif&Gu&
f rnf/ tqdy
k g
copy jyKvkyfí
spredsheet
udu
k muG,for
d f;qnf;Edi
k f&ef
back up
tjcm;½H;k w½H;k wGif odrf;qnf;xm;&rnf/
5.4.3/ tcsuftvufrsm;qef;ppfavhvmjcif;
apmihMf unhp
f pfaq;a&;qdi
k f&mowif;tcsuftvufrsm;udkpkpnf;aumuf
jcif;?pepfwuspDpOfjcif;?qef;ppfavhvmjcif;?tuJjzwfjcif;ESihy
f p
Hk H,q
l csufrsm;
jzihE
f i
dI f;,SOfavhvmjcif;rsm;aqmif&GufírlrrSefonhf
tajctaewpHw
k &m½Sy
d gu
azmfxw
k fEdi
k f&efESihfqufo,
G fa&;qdi
k f&mndkEi
dI f;rSwfwrf;(protowl)ygazmfjycsufrsm;
t&qufo,
G fa&;aqmif&Gur
f Irsm;twGujf zpfygonf/þenf;tm;jzihf
aumif;rGefaomvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;tm; tcsdefra
SD qmif&GuE
f i
dk frnfjzpfonf/
6/ owday;Ed;I aqmfjcif;tqihr
f sm; (qH;k jzwf&ef)
6.1/ rsufjrifavhvmppfaq;jcif; (Visual Observation)
jyifqifxm;NyD;aemufqufwJGpmrsufESmwGifyg0ifonhfchecksheetsrsm;wGifod
omonhf rsufjrif avhvmppfaq;rItqiho
f wfrSwfcsufrsm; yg0if&rnfjzpfNyD;
ppfaq;a&;0efxrf;rSrnfonhftcsdefwi
G fyHkrSefr[kwfonht
f ajctaeavhvmawGU
½S&
Sd aMumif; qH;k jzwfEdi
k f&ef toH;k jyK&rnf/
6.2/ wdi
k f;wmrI^ud&d,mydi
k f;qkdif&mrsm; (Instrumentation)
tcsuftvufrsm;qef;ppfavhvmjcif;twGufwdi
k f;wmrIud&d,mrsm;ESiy
hf wf
oufíatmufygowday; Ed;I aqmfcsuftqihr
f sm;udk owfrSw&
f ygrnf/
tqihf (1) tcsuftvufppfaq;rI owday;Ed;I aqmfcsuf (data check alarm)
wdi
k f;wmrIu&
d d,mpDpOfxm;½Sr
d I(set-up)jzihw
f di
k f;wmEki
d faom½kyfyi
dk f;qdi
k f&muefY
owfcsuf
(physical
limit)rsm;twGif;½Sa
d eaMumif;aocsmap&ef
tcsuftvuf
rsm;udk ppfaq;&ygrnf/
tqihf
(2)
yHp
k Hydi
k f;^tajccHordi
k f;aMumif;ppfaq;rI
owday;Ed;I aqmfcsuf
(design/historical check alarm)tcsuftvufrsm;rSmvufcHEi
dk fonfh uefYowfcsufrsm;
twGif;½Sa
d eaomfvnf;yHp
k HrSef;qcsufrsm;(odYk )tajccHordi
k f;aMumif;OD;pm;ay;jzpf
pOfESihe
f nf;vrf;rsm;tay:tajccHívnf;aumif;rSef;qonhu
f efYowfcsufjyify
okYd a&mu္½So
d nht
f cgrsdK;twGuf owday;uefYowfcsuf/
tqihf (3) toihftaetxm;^Ed;k Mum;rI owday;Ed;I aqmfcsuf (alert alarm)
tcsuftvufrsm;rSmvufcHEi
dk faomuefYowfcsufrsm;jyifyokYd a&muf½o
Sd Gm;
yguþtqiho
f wday;Ed;I aqmfcsufonfvufcHEi
dk faomuefYowfcsufrsm;xuf
ausmfvGefaeonht
f jyKtrlrsm;tm; azmfjyEdi
k fygonf/
þowday;Ed;I aqmfcsufyp
Hk Htm;
oiha
f wmfNyD;
qnftif*sifeD,mwOD;rS owfrSwf &ygrnf/
t&nftaoG;jynh0
f onhf
7/ yHr
k SeftpD&ifcHwifjyjcif;tpDtpOf
apmihMf unhp
f pfaq;jcif;vkyfief;rsm;twGuv
f kt
d yfaomtpD&ifcHjcif;ESiy
hf wf
oufí Z,m; 10wGiftESpfcsKyfazmfjyxm;ygonf/
Z,m; (10) yHr
k SeftpD&ifcHjcif;tpDtpOf (qH;k jzwf&ef)
Report
Monthly Dam Safety Reports
Frequency
Monthly, reviewing information collected ininspection check
sheets
Annual Dam Performance Report
Annual submission
5 Year Dam Safety Verification
Every 5 year
Special Purpose Reports
Under the following conditions:
a) detection of abnormal conditions of dam seepage or
deformation,
b) the dam is heavily damaged and/or the condition is
deteriorating,
c) failure or malfunction of the flow control mechanisms
occurs during flood season,
d) heavy rain is experienced in the reservoir catchment
with the reservoir already full, or
e) where there is any suspicion of sabotage.
ajryHr
k sm;?a&;qGy
J Hr
k sm;?yH^
k bm;csyfrsm;?ta&;ygonh0
f efxrf;tcsdefZ,m;ponfrsm;
udk yl;wGp
J mrsufESmwGif wGv
J sufazmfjyxm;ygonf/ (jyifqifxm;½S&
d ef)
yl;wGJ (6.2) ta&;ay:tajctaejyifqifxm;½Sr
d ItpDtpOfrlabmif
1/ ed'gef;
1.1/ aemufcHtcsuftvufrsm;
v,f,mpdu
k fysdK;a&;0efBuD;Xmevufatmuf½Sd
taxmuftuljyKpDrHue
d f;
(7-8)ckcefYtm;
wpdwf
wa'ot&
pdu
k fysdK;a&;zGUH NzdK;wdk;wufrI
tcsdKUaomqnfajrmif;pepf
jyefvnfxa
l xmifa&;aqmif&Gur
f nfjzpfonf/
pepf
(4)ck
tm;ueOD;a&G;cs,fowfrSwx
f m;NyD;jzpfía&avSmifuefrSa&jznhq
f nf;ay;aeyg
onf/
tqdy
k g
pepfrsm;rSm
rE¦av;?
ppfukdif;?
yJcl;ta½SUESi
S hf
aejynfawmfa'oBuD;rsm;wGif
wnf½NSd yD;
4if;wnf½NSd yD;qnfrsm;onf
qnfajrmif; vkyfief;rsm;twGuf a&jznhq
f nf;ay;aeygonf/
ADSPwpdww
f a'ot&pdu
k fysdK;a&;0efBuD;Xme\qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xmetae
jzihr
f vဲနwfawmifqnf(rE¦av;)?ajrmuf,rm;txufydi
k f;ESiha
f tmufydi
k f;qnf
rsm;(ppfukdif;)?qGmqnf (yJcl;ta½SU)ESihf qifoq
J nf (aejynfawmf)rsm;twGuf
urÇmhbPf\qnfab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;rl0g'OP4.37t&qnfab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;tpD
tpOfrsm;udjk yifqifaqmif&Gua
f eygonf/ta&;ay:tajctaejyifqifxm;½Sr
d It
pDtpOf (EPP)onf qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm;\ wpdww
f ydi
k f;jzpfNyD;
atmufygwkdYyg0ifygonf/
(1)wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;BuD;MuyfpDrHjcif;ESihft&nftaoG;,HMk unfpdwc
f s&rI
rsm;twGut
f pDtpOf (qnf wdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;vkyfief;rsm;twGu)f
(2)
wdi
k f;wmrIu&
d d,mydi
k f;qdi
k f&mtpDtpOf
(3)
ta&;ay:tajctaejyifqifxm;½Sr
d ItpDtpOf
(4)
vkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f IESihjf yKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rItpDtpOfrsm;ponf
wdYk jzpfygonf/
qnf\oufwrf;wpfavQmuftwGuf
ydi
k f½Sif^zGUH NzdK;rIaqmif&Gufoo
l nf
qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKrItwGufoiha
f wmfonftpDtpOfrsm;aqmif&Gu&
f efESihf
vHa
k vmufonht
f &if;tjrpfrsm;jznhq
f nf;ay;&efwm0ef½y
Sd gonf/
EPPtaejzihf
qnfwck\ta&;ay:tajctaejzpfEi
dk facstvm;tvmrsm;uda
k zmfxw
k fowfrSwf
í
qnfydi
k f½SifrS
tqdy
k g
jyoem½SE
d i
dk fonhftvm;tvmrsm;udk
ajz½Sif;&ef
aqmif&Gu&
f rnhv
f kyfief;rsm;udo
k wfrSwf&rnfjzpfNyD;atmufzufdownstream a'o½Sd
ta&;ay:tajctaewHYk jyefaqmif&Gur
f Irsm;
pDrHcefYcr
GJ IXmepdwr
f sm;okYd
apmvsif
onfo
h wday;EI;d aqmfrIrsm; aqmif&GuE
f i
dk fap&ygrnf/
1.2/
EPP rlabmif\&nf&G,c
f suf
þEPP rlabmiftm;wm0ef,ltzGUJ tpnf;rsm;?qufo,
G fa&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;?
atmufydi
k f;downstreamajrrsufESmoGifjyifavhvmwdi
k f;wmrI?qnf,,
kd Gif;rI
enf;vrf;^oGifjyif qef;ppfavhvmrI? a&BuD;rIyHp
k Hzefw;D avhvmrI ponfrsm;
tygt0ifjynhp
f Ha
k umif;rGefonhfEPPzGUH NzdK;aqmif&GuE
f i
dk fapa&;vrf;nTefrIrsm;t
wGuf jyKpkjyifqif&jcif;jzpfonf/
jynfp
h Ha
k umif;rGefonhfEPPrsm;uda
k zmfjyNyD;jzpfonhq
f nf(4)ck^a&avSmifuef
(5)ckESit
hf aumiftxnfazmfumvyxr(2)ESpftwGif;tao;pdwfjyKjyifa&;vkyf
ief;rsm;rSwqihf a&G;cs,fowfrSwr
f nhf aemufxyf qnfrsm;tygt0if qnf
wckpDtwGuf
jyifqifaqmif&Gufrnfjzpfonf/
jynhp
f a
Hk umif;rGefonhf
EPP
ESiy
hf wfoufívHjk cHKa&;tajctae^taMumif;jycsufrsm;aMumiha
f zmfjytoday;Edi
k f
rnfr[kwy
f g/okYd aomfta&;ay:tajctaeowday;csufrsm;?ab;vGw&
f ma&TU
ajymif;jcif;vkyfief;pOfrsm;
atmufydi
k f;
downstream
(vrf;aMumif;?
qHr
k Sw.f ..ponf)ESiy
hf wfoufí
a'o½SjSd ynfor
l sm;twGuf
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;
jzefYa0ay;Edi
k f&ef vufurf; pmapmifrsm;udk jyifqifaqmif&Guy
f grnf/
EPP\&nf&G,fcsufrSmqnfESiq
hf ufpyfwnfaqmufrKS Structuresrsm;\jzpfay:
Edi
k fonh,
f d,
k Gif;rItEÅ&m,frsm;ud½
k SmazGazmfxkwfíatmufzufdownstreama'orsm;
&Sjd ynfor
l sm;odYk owday;acsufxw
k fjyefrIrsm;tygt0ifta&;ay:tajctaevkyf
ief;rsm;aqmif&GuE
f di
k fap&efESih0
f efxrf;rsm;tm;rnho
f nht
f csdefwGif?rnfonhv
f kyf
aqmifcsufrsm;tm;rnfodkYaqmif&Gu&
f rnfpojzihfvrf;nTefEi
dk fap&efjzpfygonf/
tpDtpOftaejzihf atmufygwdkYtm; &,f&G,a
f qmif&GuE
f i
dk f&efjzpfonf/
(i)qnfESihq
f ufpyfwnfaqmufrI
a&mufEdi
k fonhftvm;tvm
structures
rsm;\ab;uif;vHjk cHKrItay:ouf
½Sa
d omtjzpftysufrsm;tm;
owfrSwjf cif;?
a&G;cs,fazmfxw
k fjcif;ESihf tuJjzwfjcif;rsm;/
(ii)
4if;tjzpftysufrsm;ESihy
f wfoufíqnfab;uif;vkjH cHKa&;qdkif&mta&;ay:
tajctaetjzpf aMumfjim &ef vkyfief;pOfrsm;csrSwfjcif;
(iii)
qnfab;uif;vHjk cHKa&;qdi
k f&mta&;ay:tajctae\tusdK;qufrsm;tm;
tenf;qHk;okdYavsmhcsEdi
k fap &ef qufo,
G fa&;vkyfief;pOfrsm; csrSwjf cif;
(iv)
qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;qdi
k f&mta&;ay:tajctaetm;wHYk jyefajz½Sif;Edi
k f&ef
aqmif&Gu&
f rnht
f ao;pdwfvkyfief;rsm;csrSwjf cif;qnfwckpDtwGuf
EPP
taejziha
f tmufazmfjyygtpdwt
f ydi
k f;rsm;a,bl,stm;jzihf yg0ifygonf/
2/ a,bl,sowif;tcsuftvufrsm;
a,bl,sowif;tcsuftvufrsm;ESiy
hf wfoufítcef;(section)cGí
J azmfjy
Edi
k f&efjyifqifaqmif&Gu&
f mEPPwGifyg0ifonht
f zGUJ tpnf;trsdK;rsdK;ESie
hf ;D uyfpGmyl;
aygif;aqmif&Guy
f grnf/tqdy
k gtzGUJ tpnf;rsm;onfEPPtm;
avhvmoH;k oyf&ef
wm0ef,laqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/
2.1/ ueOD;a&G;cs,fxm;onhq
f nfrsm;\ t"dutpdwt
f ydi
k f;rsm;
atmufwi
G fazmfjyxm;onhq
f nfrsm;rSmueOD;a&G;cs,fa&;vkyfief;pOfrS&
v'frsm;jzpfygonf/vkyfief;rsm;ESiv
hf kyfief;aqmif&Gur
f Iwkd;wufaumif;rGefa&;
twGue
f nf;ynmqdkif&mtao;pdwt
f csuftvufrsm;onfpDrHue
d f;vufawGU
aqmif&GuE
f ki
d frIavhvmcsufESiht
f ao;pdwy
f p
Hk HwkdY\wpdww
f a'ojzpfygrnf/
atmufygwdkYonf a'o (4)ck½St
d qdy
k gqnfrsm;\ta&;ygonhf tpdwt
f ydi
k f;
rsm;jzpfygonf/
qnfrsm;\ t"dutpdwftydi
k f;rsm;
2.2/
wm0ef0w¦&m;ESihf tcef;u@rsm;
EPPtaejzihþ
f rlabmift&tqdjk yKxm;onhfEPPtaumiftxnfazmfaqmif
&Gur
f ItwGufwm0ef½Sd onhf t"dutpd;k &tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\ wm0ef0w¦&m;ESihf
tcef;u@udo
k wfrSw&
f ygrnf/EPPESiy
hf wfoufonhftzGUJ tpnf;rsm;wGif
atmufygwdkYyg0ifygonf/ (oH;k oyfaqG;aEG;&ef)
 qnfvy
k fief;aqmif&Guo
f lrsm;
-
aejynfawmf?
ppfukdif;?
yJcl;ESihf
rE¦av;a'orsm;½Sp
d dkuy
f sdK;a&;0efBuD;Xme?qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xmevufatmuf
½Sd a'oqdi
k f&m qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xmersm;?
 aejynfawmf?ppfukdif;?yJcl;?rEÅav;a'orsm;½Sa
d 'oqdi
k f&mtpd;k &tzGUJ tpnf;
rsm;?
 v,f,mpdu
k fysdK;a&;ESihfqnfajrmif;0efBuD;Xme(MOAI)?qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme
(ID)HydrologyXmecG?J
 o,f,y
l kYd aqmifa&;0efBuD;Xme? rd;k av0oESihf ZvaA'OD;pD;Xme
 trsdK;om;obm0ab;tEÅ&m,f . . . (NDOC)? ----- (MHEW)
 tjcm;
2.3/ qufoG,a
f &;qdi
k f&mzGUJ pnf;yHk
awGU½SS&
d onhu
f dpö&yfwpfpw
Hk pf&mESiy
hf wfoufíab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;t&m½Sx
d H
okYd wifjy&rnfjzpfNyD; 4if;rS oufqkdif&mobm0ab; tEÅ&m,fftwGuf zGUJ
pnf;xm;½Sr
d I(Structure)okYd today;qufo,
G f&rnf/awGU½S&
d onht
f a&;ay:tajct
aetm;wHkYjyefaqmif&Gu&
f mwGifatmufygtqih(f 4)qihv
f kyfief;pOfjzihfaqmif&Guf
&ygrnf/
 qnfydi
k f½Siftm;taMumif;Mum;jcif; (ID/MOAI)
 ta&;ay:tajctaetvm;tvmtwGufoufqkdif&mwm0ef½Sdonhf
tmPmydi
k ftzGUJ tpnf;tm; taMumif;Mum;jcif;
 ta&;ay:tajctaetvm;tvmESiy
hf wfoufíqnf\atmufbuf
stream½Sjd ynfor
l sm;tm;
down
taMumif;Mum;jcif;
 qnf,dk,i
G f;rItm;wm;qD;Edi
k f&efBudK;yrf;tm;xkwjf cif;trsdK;rsdK;aom,dk
,Gif;rIyHp
k Hrsm;twGufaqmif&Gu&
f rnht
f a&;ay:jyKjyifrItrsdK;tpm;ESiy
hf wf
oufíod½S&
d efta&;BuD;ygonf/EPPtaejzihfa&avSmifuefta&;ay:yrm
Pavsmhcsjcif;ponfh
jzpfEi
dk facs½Sdonhv
f kyfaqmif
csufrsm;pm&if;udk
,d,
k Gif;rIjzpfEdi
k facsrsm;wm;qD;Edi
k f&efjznhfqnf;ay;yg&rnf/
tqdy
k gta&;ay:tajctaetpDtpOfrsm;
taumiftxnfazmfpOftwGif;
qnfESihy
f wfoufívkyfief;aqmif&Guo
f lrsm;rS
owday;wm;jrpfcsufrsm;
udv
k du
k femusiho
f H;k &rnf/qnf,kd,i
G f;rIwm;qD;&eftMuHjyKvkyfaqmifcsuf
rsm;aqmif&Gujf cif;rjyKrSq
D nftif*sifeD,mwpfOD;OD;jzihfaqG;aEG;wdi
k fyif&ef
rSmvnf; ta&;BuD;onf/
ta&;ay:tajctaewGifvkdue
f maqmif&Gu&
f rnhv
f kyfief;pOfrsm;rSm
½Sif;vif;
íteuft"dyÜg,fjynhp
f H&
k ygrnf/xdYk aMumihEf PPwGifta&;ay:tajctaerrSefuef
onfh
owif;tcsuftvuf?
awmif;cHrIESiv
hf rf;nTef
csufrsm;?
qufo,
G frI
&v'ftjzpfta&;ygonh0
f efxrf;rsm;tMum;em;vnfrIvGr
J Sm;jcif;rsm;wm;qD;Edi
k f
&ef½Sif;vif;onhv
f kyfxkH;vkyfenf;qdi
k f&moabmwlnc
D sufwpfckujdk yifqif&yg
rnf/ ta&;ygonh0
f efxrf;rsm;tMum; ta&; ay:tajctaeESihf em;vnfrI
vGr
J Sm;jcif;?rSm;,Gif;onhq
f H;k jzwfcsufrsm;aMumihr
f Sm;,Gif;owday;csufrsm;ponfh
tcsufrsm;onftppftrSefowday;csufxw
k fjyef&mwGifaESmihfaES;(22)qufo,
G f
a&;vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;yHp
k Hum;csyftm;jyifqifa&;qGJ&ygrnf/
EPPESiy
hf wfoufí
a,bl,stcsuftvufrsm;\ tjcm;tpdwt
f ydi
k f;rsm;wGif atmufyg wdYk yg0if
&ygrnf/
(1)
ab;vGw&
f ma&TUajymif;rI pDpOfaqmif&Gujf cif;
(2)
u,fq,fa&;vkyfaqmifrIrsm;pDpOfaqmif&Gufjcif;
(3)
0efaqmifrIrsm;yHy
h d;k jznhq
f nf;jcif;(&JwyfzGUJ ?aq;bufqkdif&m?tpm;tpm?
a&)
(4)
tpd;k &tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;Mum; yl;aygif;aqmif&Gujf cif;
txufygEPPjyifqifaqmif&Gujf cif;udkatmufygwdYk yg0ifaomta&;ay:t
ajctaeESihy
f wfoufonht
f "dutzGUJ tpnf;rsm;ESihfeD;uyfpGmyl;aygif;aqmif&Guf
ygrnf/ (qufvufokH;oyfaqG;aEG;&ef)
 qnfvy
k fief;aqmif&Guo
f lrsm;-aejynfawmf?ppfukdif;?yJcl;ESihfrEÅav;
a'orsm;½Sp
d du
k fysdK;a&;0efBuD;Xme?qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xmevufatmuf½Sd
a'oqdi
k f&mqnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xmersm;?
 aejynfawmf?ppfukdif;?yJcl;?rEÅav;a'orsm;½Sa
d 'oqdkif&mtpd;k &tzGUJ tpnf;
rsm;?
 v,f,mpdu
k fysdK;a&;ESihfqnfajrmif;0efBuD;Xme(MOAI)/ qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme
(ID)?HydrologyXmecG?J
 o,f,y
l kYd aqmifa&;0efBuD;Xme? rd;k av0oESihf ZvaA'OD;pD;Xme
 trsdK;om;obm0ab;tEÅ&m,f --- (NDOC)? --- (MHEW)
 tjcm;
3/ qnf,kd,Gif;rItvm;tvmoGifjyifrsm;azmfjycsuf
EPP\þtcef;wGifjzpfEdi
k facs½Sa
d omqnf,,
dk Gif;rIoi
G fjyifrsm;prf;ppf
avh
vmrI&v'frsm;udw
k ifjyxm;ygonf/qnfvkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f I0efxrf;rsm;tae
jzihq
f nf,d,
k Gif;rIrSjzpfay:Edi
k fonfhab;tEÅ&m,fqkd;usdK;rsm;uda
k ½Smif½Sm;&ef
(okYd )
avsmhcsEdi
k f&ef
t"du,d,
k Gif;rItrsdK;
aqmif&Gur
f ItpDtpOfrsm;
tpm;rsm;ESihf
owfrSwp
f DpOfxm;
½SE
d i
dk f&ef
4if;wkYd \qufEG,o
f nhv
f u©Pm&yfrsm;udk
od½x
Sd m;&ygrnf/
qnf(embankment)\a,bl,s,dk,i
G f;rItrsdK;tpm;rsm;ESihf4if;wkYd \qufEG,f
onhv
f u©Pm&yfrsm;udkatmufygtwdi
k f; trsdK;tpm;cGjJ cm;xm;ygonf/
Overtopping (a&vQHjcif;)
qnftwGif;½Sx
d def;odrf;xm;onha
f &yrmPtm;teD;uyfavhvmppfaq;
oihNf yD;txl;ojzihfonf;xefonhfr;dk &GmoGef;rIESihfa&pD;qif;rIumvrsm;wGifjzpf
onftu,físpillwayESiha
f &avSmifuef\pGrf;&nfxufausmfvGefygua&vQHjcif;jz
pfay:ygrnf/a&vQHjcif;aMumihq
f nfa&umwm\a&pkef(okdY) a&qefqifajcavQm
rsm;cRwfacsmfjcif;(Slipping)(okYd )a&pD;jziha
f rQmygjcif;(washaway)ponfwkdYjzpfEi
dk fyg
onf/
Spillway
wGif ydwq
f kYd rIjzpfygu qnfa&vQHjcif;jzpfEi
dk fygonf/
qnf(okYd )4if;\tajccHtkwjf rpf(Foundation)rStwGif;ydkif;ajrqDvmT wdu
k fpm;jcif;
aMumihjf zpfaomPipingqnfeH&Hrsm;rSwqihf
qnfeH&H\downstream
toe
Seepage
jrefqefpGmwd;k jrihv
f mjcif;?
½Sd (okYd ) teD;tem; ½Sd &TUH ,kx
d Gur
f I (Muddy
discharge)ESihf
^okYd a&avSmifueftwGif;½Sd 0Juawmh (eddy)ponf enf;vrf;tm;jzihf
tm;cGjJ cm;owfrSwE
f dkifygonf/
Piping
qnfwrH(embankment) (okYd )
upstream(okYd ) downstream avsmusjcif;
(Slide)
qnfwrH(embankment)upstream(odYk )downstreamavsmhusjcif;(slide)onf qnf\
crestedrfhus
jcif;udk jzpfEdi
k fonht
f jyifqnfeH&Hwi
G ftm;enf;csufukd jzpfay:apí
jzpfEdkifygonf/
Piping
spillway
,d,
k Gif;rI
Spillway½kwfw&uf,kd,i
G f;rIonfqnf\tvH;k pH,
k d,
k Gif;rIukdjzpfapEdi
k fygo
nf/a&BuD;jcif;jzpfay:onhu
f mvtwGif;uGefu&pf\
tm;enf;csufrsm;aMumihf
(okYd ) a&BuD;jcif;jzpfay:onhf umvtwGif;
trdu
I fo½du
k frsm;aMumihf
spillwayysufpD;í
spillway½Sd
4if;,dk,i
G f;rIjzpfapEdi
k fygonf/
qnfwckpDtwGufqnf,,
dk Gif;rIenf;vrf;trsdK;rsdK;tm;qef;ppfavhvmrI
rsm;udt
k ao;pdwp
f l;prf;avhvmrIESihfyp
Hk Hrsm;ESit
hf wl atmufydi
k f;
downstreama'o
ajrrsufESmoGifjyif(topographic)ajryHr
k sm;?qnf,d,
k Gif;rIjzpfay:yguoufa&mufcH&
rnhfa'orsm;tao;pdwt
f ajctaetwGufa&BuD;rIerlemprf;oyfyp
Hk Hi,faqmif
&Gujf cif;ponfe
h nf;vrf;rsm;jzihf aqmif&Gufygrnf/
4/ a&BuD;jcif;qdkif&m&nfñe
T f;ajryHk (inundation map)
EPP\þtcef;(section)wGifqnfusdK;aygufrIqef;ppfavhvmjcif;
^atmufzufdownstreama&BuD;jcif;
erlemprf;oyfyp
Hk Hi,favhvmjcif;&v'frsm;ESihf
qnf,,
dk Gif;yguoufa&mufcH&Edi
k frnht
f ao;pdwfae&ma'orsm;tm;wifjy&yg
rnf/xdkYaMumiha
f &BuD;jcif;qdi
k f&m&nfñe
T f;ajryHo
k nfqnf,,
dk Gif;rIjzpfay:ygu
oufa&mufrIcH&rnha
f e&ma'orsm;tm;½Sif;vif;pGmazmfjy&ygrnf/ajryHkrsm;onf
atmufyga&BuD;rItajctaersm;rSjzpfonhfa&BuD;^a&vQHjcif;rsm;udk
azmfjy&ygrnf/
-
aeomonha
f eY&uf(sunnyday)qnfusdK;aygufa&BuD;jcif;
aeomonha
f eYwGifjzpfay:onha
f jrivsif ESihq
f ufpyfí4if;
-
rd;k &GmoGef;onha
f eY&uf(rainy day)qnfusdK;aygufa&BuD;jcif;
-
qnf,d,
k Gif;rIESihftwlqnfcresta&BuD;^a&vQHjcif;“Sunnyday”qnfusdK;ayguf
a&BuD;jcif;onfjrpftwGif;yHr
k Sefa&pD;enf;yg;rIESit
hf wljzpfay:ygonf/
“rainy
day”
qnfusdK;aygufa&BuD;jcif;onfqnf\xdyfpGef;
crest
yrmPa&vQHrIqnfukdausmfve
G fonht
f cgrsm;wGifjzpfay:ygonf/jzpfay:
onha
f &BuD;rIxkxnfESihjf yefvnfusqif;onhfumvrsm;tygt0ifqnf
usdK;azmufrItajctaeyHp
k HrSef;qcsuf(scenarios)rsm;twGufa&BuD;^a&vQHrIerlem
prf;oyfyp
Hk Hi,favhvmjcif;udkvnf; aqmif&Guy
f grnf/
a&BuD;jcif;qdi
k f&m&nfñe
T f;ajryHw
k Gifa&G;cs,fxm;onhw
f nfae&mrsm;
twGuo
f ufqdi
k fonht
f csuftvufrsm;jzpfonhftjrihq
f kH;a&teuf?trsm;
qH;k pD;qif;xkxnf?a&BuD;rItjrihq
f ;Hk a&muf½r
Sd nht
f csdef?ponfrsm;udk jznfq
h nf;
azmfjy&ygrnf/tqdkygajrykr
H sm;udkatmufzufdownstreamajrrsufESmoGifjyifwkdif;
wmcsuf?qnfusdK;aygufrIqef;ppfavhvmcsufESihfpDrHue
d f;taumiftxnf
azmf
umvyxr(2)ESpftwGif;tao;pdwfyp
Hk HtMuHjyKaqG;aEG;EIrSwqihq
f nf(5)ckt
eufwckcsif;pDtwGua
f tmufzuf
downstream
a&BuD;rI
erlemyHp
k Hi,f
avhvm
csufponfrsm;tay:tajccHíjyifqifaqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/ajrmuf,rm;txuf
ydi
k f;ESia
hf tmufydi
k f;qnf(2)cktwGufEPPwckwnf;udkomyl;wGJa&;qGjJ yKpk&ef
tMuHjyKvdkygonf/
5/avhvmppfaq;jcif;pepfrsm;ESihf(early warning)apmvQifonhf owday;pepfrsm;
EPPtaejzihq
f nfapmihMf unhp
f pfaq;a&;pepfrsm;aeom;wusxm;½Sa
d qmif
&GuE
f i
dk fap&efowfrSw&
f rnf/tpDtpOfwi
G f½y
k fyi
dk f;qdi
k f&m^rsufjrifppfaq;rI
twGuv
f dt
k yfonhy
f pön;f ud&d,m^yHy
h ;dk rIt*Fg&yfrsm;owfrSwfjcif;?ta0;rSavh
vmppfaq;jcif;?prf;oyfppfaq;jcif;ponfwkdYyg0ifygonf/
rnfonfhtajctaersm;rSmaeYpOf?tywfpOf?vpOf?ESpfpOfppfaq;&efvkdtyfonf
pojzihc
f jGJ cm;owfrSwE
f di
k f&efapmihMf unhp
f pfaq;rItBudrfta&twGuu
f dk
owfrSw&
f rnf/apmihMf unhp
f pfaq;rItqiht
f rsdK;rsdK;twGufwm0ef,laqmif&Guf
rnhy
f k*K¾d vf rsm;udkvnf; ½Sif;vif;pGmowfrSw&
f ygrnf/
apmihMf unhp
f pfaq;rIwGifyo
kH @mefysuf,Gif;jcif;?a&GUvsm;rI?wkefcgjcif;p
onht
f csufrsm;tm;avhvmppfaq;jcif;?galleriesrsm;?spillwayESihpf enstocksrsm;yg0if
onhsf tructuresrsm;ppfaq;jcif;ponfwkdYyg0ifygonf/xdYk jyifapmihMf unhp
f pfaq;a&;
vkyfief;pOfwi
G f
vQyfppf^pufrIqi
dk f&m?
tDvufxa&mepfESihf
vQyfppfypön;f
ud&d,mrsm;tm;vH;k udk ppfaq;prf;oyfjcif;rsm;vnf; yg0if&ygrnf/
EPPtaejzihx
f da&mufonhf
avhvmppfaq;a&;pepfESihf
apmvQifonhf
owday;pepfrsm;vnf; vdt
k yfyg onf/ 4if;wGif tydi
k f; 3ydi
k f;yg0ifygonf/
-
ta&;ygonhq
f nfavhvmppfaq;a&;ud&d,mrsm;
-
apmvQifonhf owday;pepf (early warning system)
-
qufo,
G fa&;pepf
-
aumif;rGefrSefuefonhf rSwfwrf;odrf;qnf;rI ponfwkdUjzpfygonf/
(u) qnfavhvmppfaq;a&;ud&d,mrsm;
qnftwGuv
f dt
k yfonhw
f di
k f;wmrIqi
dk f&mud&d,mrsm;tm;jznhq
f nf;ay;
xm;onhy
f Hp
k Htao;pdwo
f wfrSwc
f sufrsm;ESihftao;pdwy
f p
Hk HwGifus,fjyefYpGmpDpOf
azmfjyxm;onhy
f pön;f jznhq
f nf;rIESiw
hf yfqifrItwnfjyKvkyfief;pOfrsm;ESit
hf nD
yHp
k HjyK?
wyfqif&ygonf/
wdi
k f;wmrIu&
d d,mrsm;wyfqiftoH;k jyKjcif;wGif
qnf\ud,
k fxnfydkif;yHo
k @mefysuf,Gif;rIrsm;(okYd )a&GUvsm;rIrsm;avhvmppfaq;
jcif;? Seepage ESihf a&avSmifuefa&yrmP ppfaq;jcif;ponfwkdY yg0ifygrnf/
ud&d,mydi
k f;qki
d f&menf;ynm½Sifrsm;taejzihf4if;ud&d,mrsm;rSavhvmawGU
½Sdonht
f csuftvufrsm;tm;pDrHtuJjzwfjcif;jzihftvm;tvm½SdonhftEÅ&m,f
rsm;uda
k zmfxw
k fowfrSwjf cif;?a&BuD;a&vQHyrmPrsm;udktuJjzwfppfaq;jcif;
rsm; aqmif&GuE
f di
k f&ef
EPPtm;jyifqifaqmif&Gu&
f ygrnf/
azmfxkw^
f awGU½Sd&onhu
f dpö&yfrsm;uda
k b;uif;vHkjcHKa&;t&m½Sx
d HodkY
tpD&ifcHwifjy&rnfjzpfNyD;4if;rSoufqkdif&mab;tEÅ&m,ftwGufzUGJ pnf;xm;
onhSsf tructurersm;okYd qufo,
G ftaMumif;Mum;&rnf/qnfwi
G f½dSonhfvkyfief;
aqmif&Gur
f Ienf;ynm½Sif\wm0efwpdww
f a'ojzpfonfhqnf\ab;uif;vHjk cHK
a&;twGuy
f Hr
k Sefppfaq;rIrsm;udv
k nf;aqmif&Gu&
f efvkdtyfygonf/ Z,m;yHkpHjzihf
azmfjyxm;onht
f qdy
k gppfaq;&rnhp
f m&if;ESiq
hf ufEG,fonhfup
d ö&yfwpHw
k &may:
aygufawGU½S&
d ygu4if;udq
k nfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;t&m½Sx
d HodktpD&ifcHwifjy&
rnf/vkyfief;aqmif&Guo
f nh0
f efxrf;(operation
vHjk cHKa&;ESihf
wnfwhHcdi
k fjrJrIrsm;
tm;
staff)rsm;onfqnf
xdcu
dk fEdi
k fonhf
\ab;uif;
tif*sifeD,mydi
k f;
qdi
k f&m½Iaxmihr
f sm;tm;cGjJ cm;owfrSwjf cif;?ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;rsm;udkwm0ef,l
aqmif&Gu&
f rnf/
qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;t&m½So
d nf –
-
qnfwi
G fwyfqifxm;onhfavhvmppfaq;a&;qdi
k f&mud&d,mrsm;
structures
rsm;\udkun
f DaompGrf;&nfwYkH jyefrIrsm;(OyrmarQmfrSef;xm;onht
f ajccsrIset
tlements)ESihy
f wfoufítuefYtowfrsm;?Flowseepage½SdarQmfrSef;xm;onhp
f D;
qif;rIEIef;?pD;qif;rIapmihMf unhp
f pfaq;wrH^,if;(weirs)rsm;)ponfwkdYESifh
ywfoufí tjynht
f 0 tuRrf;w0ifavhvmxm;rI½&
Sd rnf/
-
þEPPESihy
f wfoufívnf;aumif;?O&Mvkyfief;vrf;ñTef\vkt
d yfcsuf
rsm;ESihy
f wfoufí4if;tjynht
f 0tuRrf;w0ifavhvmxm;rI½&
Sd rnf/
-
oufqkdif&mab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcr
GJ ItzGUJ tpnf;(structures)rsm;odkY
today;
taMumif;Mum;jcif;ESihy
f wfoufívdu
k femaqmif&Gu&
f rnhv
f kyfief;pOfrsm;
tm; tjynht
f 0od½Se
d m;vnf&rnf/
-
ab;tEÅ&m,f
pDrHcefYcGr
J IzUGJ pnf;yHk
(Structures)rsm;tm;
a,bl,stm;jzihf
jcHKikí
H
aumif;pGmod½Se
d m;vnf xm;&ygrnf/
(c) apmvQif owday;csufESihf ta&;ay:tajctaersm; cGJjcm;owfrSwjf cif;
qnfvy
k fief;aqmif&Gur
f I0efxrf;(operationstaff)rsm;onfta&;ay:tajct
aewpHw
k &mtm;cGjJ cm;owfrSwE
f i
dk f&rnfjzpfNyD;qnf,kd,i
G f;rI\qd;k usdK;
oufa&mufrIrsm;udka½Smif½Sm;(okYd )avQmhcsEdi
k f&efvkdtyfonhfvkyfief;pOfrsm;
owfrSwa
f qmif&GuE
f di
k fa&;twGuft"du,d,
k Gif;rItrsdK;tpm;yHp
k Hrsm;?
qufpyfu&
d d,mrsm;rSrsufjriftajctaersm;ESiy
hf wfoufíaumif;pGmod½Sd
em;vnf&ygrnf/a,bl,stab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;udpö&yfrsm;?qufpyfvu©
Pm&yfrsm;tm;
Z,m;
(11)wGif
tusOf;csKyfwifjyxm;yg
onf/
4if;wkdYtm;tao;pdwp
f l;prf;avhvmrIESihfjyifqifa&;vkyfief;yHp
k HtMuHay;
aqmif&Gur
f Irsm;tay: tajccHí jynhp
f a
Hk umif;rGefonhf
EPPwGif
tao;
pdwo
f wfrSwa
f zmfjy&ygrnf/
Z,m;(11)qnf(embankment)rsm;twGuf
a,bl,sowday;trSwftom;rsm;ESihf
jzpfEi
dk facs½Sdaom ta&;ay: tajctaersm; (qef;ppfavhvm&ef)
owday;trSwft
jzpfEi
dk fonhfta&;ay:tajctaersm;
om;rsm;
Seepage
{&d,mt
opf?vuf½sSd eepage qnf\toe(okYd )abutment(okYd )qnf\
{&d,mwGif
downstreamqifajcavsm
^pdp
k Gwf
(okYd )downstream
wd;k jrihf
{&d,mrSwkd;jrihf
topfay:aygufjcif;onfylyefp&mtajctaejzpfygonf/
seepage
(okYd )
f a
dk omf4if;onfseepageESiq
hf ufpyfonfh ,d,
k G
vmonhp
f D;qif;rI tb,faMumihq
(okYd )
if;rIyHp
k Htvm;tvmjzpfay:Edi
k fonf/tvm;wlyifapmihMf unfh
avhvmapmihf
aeonhf
Munha
f eonha
f &
qnfsitewGifseepagetajctaetajymif;tvJukdñTefjyaeNyDး
ajrmif;pD;qif;rI½Sd
seepagequfpyf,d,
k Gif;rIyHkpHZ,mjzpfay:Eki
d fonfhqnfteD;uyf
xl;jcm;
avhvmppfaq;rIrsm;udk
onhw
f d;k jrih^
f wd;k
tvQif tjref pHp
k rf;ppfaq;&rnf/
seepage^wl;ajrmif;pD;qif;rI
wd;k jrihv
f mjcif;onf
zGUJ pnf;í
tajctaersm;udk
yGm; rIrsm;
4if;onf
Seepage
see page
pD;qif;rI ñTefjyaeygonf/
jzify
h pönးf o,f,l wnfNidrfonfh
ydYk
wdu
k fpm;jcif;(odYk )
EIef;wifrI
See page
EIef;
Piping
udk wdu
k f ½dkuf
tenf;i,f
yrmP(odYk )
tenf;i,fonf
,d,
k Gif;rI
k Htvm;tvmjzpfay:aeNyDjzpfaMumif;azmfjyygonf/
aqmifonfh yHp
taxmuftxm;
&GUH xlí
jrefqefpGmwdk;jr§ifv
h monfhS
rsm;
ta&;BuD;NyD;
qnf,kd,Gif;rI
see
jrefqefpGm
pageonf
tvGef
qufvuf
jzpf
ay:Edi
k fonf/
wrlx;l jcm;onfh
a&zdtm;tcsuf
tvufrsm;
xl;jcm;onfh
Piezometer
(ordkင္;aMumif;
tajccHyr
Hk Sef
udu
k fnD
a&zdtm;udef;*Pef;rsm;
rIr&S)d on္Seepagetajctae
vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ESifh
tajymif;
tvJrsm;
qnf\ vkyfaqmifcsufpGrf;&nf(odYk ) ESifh tkwjf rpfrsm;wGif
tajymif;tvJrsm;udk
ñTefjyaeNyD;
tvQiftjrefpp
Hk rf;
ppfaq;oifo
h nf/ tqdy
k g tcsuf tvufrsm;udk tjcm;
seepage
tajctae
rsm;ESifh
ajymif;vJaMumif;
aygif;pH^
k wdkufqkdif
tajctaejzpfygonf/
vuf&SdSeepage^pdp
k Gwf
taxmuftxm;
jzpfay:ygu
pd;k &drf&onfh
(Seepagetopf^
pdp
k Gw{
f &d,m
{&d,m&St
d ajymif;tvJ?
apmifMh unfa
h e
onfh a&ajrmif;pD;qif;rIwGif xl;jcm;onfh wdk;jrifv
h mrI)
a&pdrf^
h *vdi
k fayguf
sinkholes
xl;jcm;onfh
tajccHtkwfjrpf&Sd
(odYk ) ajrrsufESmjyif
ypön;f rsm;
meterial
embankment
seepage
atmuf&Sd
ment)
tenfxkdifrI
onfh tenfxkdifrI
Seepage flaw
aMumifSh
(sinkholes)
(odYk )
pD;qif;rIjzifh
ausmufvTmrsm;
z,f&Sm;cH&jcif;aMumifjh zpfonf/tvm;wlyif
wm^wrH
(Embank
(Sinkholes)rsm;onf
wrlx;l jcm;
(odYk ) yHp
k Hysuf,Gif;rIrsm; onf
subsurface Material
ajrrsufESmjyif atmuf&Sd
rsm; ausmufvTm ypön;f rsm; z,f&Sm;cH&jcif;udk ñTefjyygonf/
h yguf (Sinicholes)(odYk ) xl;jcm;onfh tenfxkdifrI
(odYk )
yHo
k @ef a&pdrfa
Seettlement(odYk )
qnfwm^
wrH(embarkment)
yHkpH
ysuf,Gif;jcif;/
ysuf,Gif;rIrsm;udt
k xl;tav;xm;í tvQiftjref pHp
k rf;
settlement
avhvmonf/
4if;taejzifhS
jzpfay:aeNyD[k
uefYvefYjzwft
ufuJGaMumif;(Tran
sverse
(Upstream
Cracks)
–
downstreamvrf;aM
umif;)
qufpyf,k,
d Gif;yHp
k H
seepage
rqdv
k y
dk g/
odYk aomf
tm½Hp
k du
k fowdxm;rI
qnf\
,if;ESify
h wfoufí
wd;k jr§i&
fh efjzpfygonf/
pGrf;aqmif&nftajymif;tvJ
Seepage
wrH(embankment)
ESifh
avhvmapmifMh unfjh cif;
qufpyf
rvGr
J aoG
tkwjf rpf
tygt0if)
,dYk ,Gif;rIyHkpHpwif
a&zdtm;
onf
jzpfay:
(wm^
seepageESifh
jcif;
&S^
d r&Sd
taumif;qHk;ñTefjycsufjzpfonf a&avSmifuef
Current Level
txufjynfv
h monfh
twGif;wGif
qnfteD;uyf
oify
h gonf/
umvtawm
avhvmapmifMh unfr
h Irsm;udk
aqmif&Guf
4if;onf
qnf\
jzpfEdi
k fNyD;
pd;k &drfylyef&onfh
wm^wrH
a'gifvkduftuf
Sliding
substability(rwnfNidrfrI)aMumifh
tajctaejzpfonf/
(embankment)tenfxkdifrI
xdYk jyif
aMumifh
(settlement)
k fNyD;(Embankment)&Sd
adjacent
Zkefrsm;
twGuf
aMumif; vnf;jzpfEdi
(Longitudinal Crack)
cdi
k frmawmifw
h if;rI(consolidation)EIef;uGjJ ym;rI
aMumifv
h nf;
(qnf0if½d;k ESifh
jzpfEdi
k fygonf/ rnfonft
h ajc taewGifrqdk qnftm;
uGJ
rsOf;NydKif)
tenf;qH;k &uftenf;i,fESie
fh D;uyfpGmapmifMh unfp
h pfaq;o
ifNh yD;Slide
rsm;
Movement
qufvufjzpfay:jcif;
r&Sa
d Mumif;
aocsmap&ef aqmif&Gu&
f rnf/
rSwc
f suf
/ /
þZ,m;onf
ajrivQif
vIwfcwfrItvGefumv(odYk )
BuD;rm;onfha&BuD;rItjzpftysufponfrsm;udx
k nfo
h Gif;pOf;pm;
jcif;rjyKbJyHr
k Sefvy
k fief;aqmif&Gur
f Itajctaersm;udo
k m
,lq
azmfjycsufjzpfonf/
qufoG,a
f &;pepf
qnfpDrHcefYcGr
J I?
a'ocHtmPmydi
k ftzGUJ tpnf;rsm;ESifh
atmufzuf
downstream
&Sd jynfor
l sm;tMum &Sif;vif;onfh qufoG,a
f &;pepf wnf&Sr
d Irsm;
vGefpGm
ta&;BuD;NyD;
txl;ojzifh
ta&;ay:tajctaersKd;wGif
tvGef
ta&;BuD;ygonf/ ta&;ay: tajctaersm;wGif qufoG,&
f rnfh vlyk*¾Kd vf
ESifh tmPmydi
k ftzGUJ tpnf;rsm; pm&if;udk qnfwnf&S&
d m tcsuftcsm ae&m
wGif
azmfjyxm;oifhNyD;
w,fvDzkef;
(odYk )
radio
qufoG,a
f &;pufrsm;
teD;tem;wGifjzpfyguydr
k da
k umif;rGefygonf/xdYk jyifta&;ygonfy
h k*K¾d [frsm;\
zkef;eHygwfpm&if;udkqnfwGiftvkyfvy
k faeolrsm;tm;vH;k ay;xm;oifhygonf/t
qdy
k gzkef;eHygwfpm&if;udkvnf;tcsdefESiw
fh ajy;nDppfaq;íjyifqifUpdatevkyf&yg
rnf/trsKd;rsKd;aomtmPmydi
k ftzGUJ tpnf;rsm;ESifhqnf\wm0ef&y
Sd k*K¾d vfrsm;t
wGuf
qufoG,&
f rnfz
h kef;eHygwfrsm;pm&if;
wifjyxm;ygonf/
yHp
k Hukd
erlemZ,m;
12wGif
Z,m;(12) ta&;ay:tajctaewGifqufoG,&
f rnfh wm0ef&t
Sd zGUJ tpnf;rsm;
ESif0
h efxrf;rsm;pm&if; (jyifqif&ef)
Name of Organization /Responsibility
Name of Representative
Telephone Contacts
Dam Instrumentation Technician
Dam Safety Officer
Head of Dam Operation Office
Township Administration office
Multi Hazards Early Warning Center
Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation
Regional Governments
Department of Meteorology and Hydrology
(C) tjcm;ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;ypön;f ud&d,mrsm;
apmvQifowday;pepftjyif?atmufygypön;f ud&d,mrsm;udv
k nf;jznfh
qnf;oify
h gonf/
 t&efoifh rD;pufrsm;
(Standby Geverators)
 yHr
k SefjyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rIESifh jyKjyifa&;vkyfief;oH;k ud&d,mwefqmyvmrsm;
 qufoG,a
f &;pepf?
mobileodUk
N*dK[fwk
(Radioqufo,
G fa&;?
ajrjyifBudK;^vufui
dk fzkef;?
salellite)
 BuD;Muyfa&;rSL;rsm;twGufqnfokdYo,f,y
l Ydk aqmifa&;(Oyrmarmfawmfqkdifu,f)
6/
owday;rI tqifr
h sm;ESifh wHkYjyefajz&Sif;rIZ,m;
EPPtaejzifh
ta&;ay:tajctaewGif
aumif;pGm
owfrSwfxm;&So
d nfh
owday;rItqifr
h sm;ESifw
h HYk jyefajz&Sif;rIvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udjk znfq
h nf;&ygrnf/
Z,m;-13wGif tMuHjyKwifjyxm;onfh owday;rItqifr
h sm; ESifh wHUk jyefajz
&Sif;rIZ,m;onfvrf;ñTefonfhoabmaqmifíaemufxyfavhvmoH;k oyfjcif;ESifh
tNyD;owfaqmif&Gujf cif;rsm;udkjynfp
h o
Hk nfh
&rnf/
EPP
wGif xnfo
h Gif;
aqmif&Guf
Z,m;(13) owday;rItqifr
h sm;ESifh wHkYjyefajz&Sif;rIZ,m;(owfrSwf&ef)
owday;rI
tqdjk yKvkyfaqmifcsuf
tqdjk yKqufoG,a
f &;
tqifh
vdi
k f;rsm;
tqif(h 1)
qnf½H;k cef;wGif tao;tzGJcsKdU,Gif; 0efxrf;OD;pD;rSL;^v^xñTefM
tao;tzGJ
csKdUwJr
h Irsm;udk ajz&Sif;aqmif&Gu&
f ef um;a&;rSL;rS
csKdU,Gif;^csKdU 0efxrf;ESify
h pön;f ud&d,mrsm;udk
ñTefMum;a&;rSL;xHokdY
wJr
h Irsm;
owif;ydYk &rnf/
pDpOf xm;&Sjd cif;
tao;tzGJ
csKdU,Gif;rIrsm;wGif ñTefMum;
a&;rSL;rSOD;pD;rSL;^v^xñTefM
um;a&;rSL;tm;
4if;wdkYajz&Sif;&ef
ñTefMum;&rnf/
tqif(h 2)
tu,fítajctaeydr
k a
dk qmif&Guf
OD;pD;rSL;^v^xñTef
BuD;rm;^
vmyguaqmif&GuE
f i
dk f&ef
Mum;a&;rSL;rS
jyif;xef
a'oqdi
k f&mjynfolY0efxrf;^t&m
MOA\ñTefMum;a&;rSL;
onfh
xrf;rsm;tm;
csKyfxH
csKdY,Gif;^csKdY
taMumif;Mum;&rnf/
4if;rS0efBuD;xHodYk
wJrI
taMumif;Mum;í
taMumif;Mum;í
jyefvnfjyKjyifa&;
vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Guf
&efbwf*swf
vdt
k yfrIukdwifjy&rnf/
tqif(h 3)
tu,fí
tvGefBuD;
yguaqmif&GuE
f i
dk f&ef a'oqdi
k f&m Mum;a&;rSL;rS
rm;^
jynfoYl 0efxrf;^t&mxrf;rsm;tm;
MOA\ñTefMum;a&;rSL;
jyif;xef
taMumif;Mum;&rnf/
csKyfxHtaMumif;um;í
onfc
h sKdU
tajctaeydr
k q
dk ;dk &Gm;vm OD;pD;rSL;^v^xñTef
4if;rS0efBuD;xHodYk
,Gif;^
taMumif;Mum;í
csKdUwJr
h I
jyefvnfjyKjyifa&;
vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Guí
f b
wf*swfvdt
k yfrIukd
wifjy&rnf/
tqifh
(4) txl;a&TUvsm;tzGUJ ?&JwyfzGJUESia
fh 'o
OD;pD;rSL;^v^xñTef
pd;k &drf
cHjynfolrsm;tm;owd ay;wyfve
S fY Mum;a&;rSL;rSOD;aqmif
zG,&
f m
Ed;I aqmf&rnf/a&'D,kd
ñTefMum;a&;rSL;xH
tajct
toHvi
T ft
h pDtpOfrSwpfqifh
owif;ydYk &rnfjzpfNyD;
aecsKUd
,Gif owday;csufrsm;Mum;jzwf
;rI rsm;
4if;rSMOA\ñTefMum;a&;rSL;
xkwv
f Tifí
h jynfor
l sm;udk
csKyfxHt
owday;jcif;ESifh
aMumif;Mum;í4if;rSwpfqifh
ab;vGw&
f modYk a&TUajymif; jcif;/
0efBuD;xHwifjyNyD;
'kw,
d
or®wxyfrHtaMumif;
Mum;&rnf/
vdt
k yfonfEh PPt
aumiftxnfazmf
aqmif&Gur
f Irsm;
qnf,d,
k Gif;^csKdU,Gif;rItvm;tvmjzpfyGm;onft
h ajctaewGifqufoG,f
&efvkdtyfonfhyk*¾Kd vfrsm;\trnfESift
h a&twGur
f sm;pm&if;udq
k nf\tvG,f
wuljrifEdi
k f?oGm;vmawGU&SE
d di
k fonfa
h e&mjzpfíw,fvz
D kef;(odYk )a&'D,q
dk ufoG,f
a&;pufrsm;teD;tem;wGifeH&Huyfazmfjy&rnf/
xdYk jyifqnf\vkyfief;aqmif&Gur
f I½;Hk cef;wGifEPPrdwLå wpfapmifukdxdef;odrf;xm;
&rnf/qnffvy
k fief;cGifwGiftvkyfvkyfaeonfy
h nm&Sifrsm;ESifh0efxrf;rsm;tm;vH;k
udv
k nf;tqdkygqufo,
G f&rnfp
h m&if;udk
jznfq
h nf;ay;&rnf/
tqdy
k g
pm&if;udk tcsdefumvtvdu
k f (tenf;qH;k wpfESpfESpfBudrf)twnfjyKppfaq;jcif;
Update
vkyfjcif;rsm;vdt
k yfovdk aqmif&Gu&
f rnf
7/
ab;vGw&
f ma&TUajymif;jcif;tpDtpOf
EPPtaejzifv
h ufawGUusonfa
h b;vGw&
f ma&TUajymif;jcif;vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk
owfrSwf&rnf
jzpfNyD;
4if;wGif
ta&;ay:tajctaewGif
toH;k jyK&rnfh
ab;vGw&
f ma&TUajymif;&rnfhvrf;aMumif;rsm;vnf;yg0if&rnfjzpfovdkqnf ,dk
,Gif;^csKdU,Gif;rIjzpfonftajctaewGifa&vTrf;rdk;onft
h EÅ&m,fab;ui;fvkHjcHKrI
&Sa
d p&eftEÅ&m,fusa&mufonfh
yk*K¾d vf^jynfor
l sm;tm;
ab;uif;vHkjcHKonfh
em;cd&
k m ae&mowfrSwy
f g0if&ygrnf/ ab;vGw&
f m a&TUajymif;jcif; vkyfief;
wGif
trsKd;rsKd;aom
tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;
tqdy
k gtzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\
yg0ifaqmif&Gur
f nfjzpfNyD;
tcef;u@toD;oD;udk
EPPonf
owfrSw&
f ygrnf/
ta&;ygonft
h zGUJ tpnf;rsm;wGifatmufyg½H;k tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;yg0ifEi
dk frnfjzpfa
omfvnf;
jynfp
h Ho
k nfh
EPPtwGuf
jyefvnfokH;oyfaqG;aEG;&efvkdtyfEi
dk fyg
onf/
 or®w½H;k
 tkyfcsKyfa&;½Hk; (jynfe,f^wdi
k f;a'oBuD;)
 NrdKUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;½H;k
 Multi Hazard Early Warning Center
 MuufajceDtzGUJ
 aq;½Hr
k sm;
 &JwyfzGUJ ponfwkdYjzpfygonf/
8/
"mwftm;jznfq
h nf;rI ESifh ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm;
tqdy
k gqnfrsm;twGufyifr"mwftm;vdkif;rS "mwftm; t&if;tjrpfonf
ta&;ay:tajctaeumv rsm;wGif qdk;&Gm;onfh oufa&mufrIcH&Edi
k fygonf/
qnfwGif"mwftm;qH;k ½HI;rIjzpfyguoufa&mufrIrsm;wGifw,fvz
D kef;qufoG,f
ေ&;twGuf"mwftm;qH;k ½IH;jcif;?
avhvmppfaq;onfh
tvufay;ydYk onfp
h epfrsm;xdcdu
k fEi
dk fjcif;ponfh
yg0ifEi
dk fygonf/
ud&d,mrsm;ESifh
tusKd;
tcsuf
oufa&mufrIrsm;
aqmif&Gujf yifqifxm;onfhEPPtaejzifhqnfcsKdU,Gif;rI\tusKd;oufa&m
ufrIrsm;(odYk )
qnfvkyfief;
u,fq,fa&;aqmif&Gur
f I
aqmif&Gur
f I?
ta&;ay:tajctaeaqmif&Gur
f I?
ponfwYdk twGuf
"mwftm;jznfqnf;
rI
ESifh
ywfoufíta&;ay:tajctaet&efoif"
h mwftm;jznfq
h nf;rI(BackUp)enf;vrf;
rsm;(Oyrm-rD;puf)ponft
h csufrsm;tm;&Sif;vif;pGmqef;ppfavhvmrI&&
Sd ygrnf/
9/
jyKjyifxe
d f;odrf;rI prf;oyfppfaq;jcif;ESifh oifwef;rsm;
EPP
tm;ESpfpOf
oH;k oyfjyifqifjcif;rsm;
aqmif&Gu&
f rnfjzpfNyD;
tajymif;tvJrsm;onf0efxrf;a&;&m?qufo,
G f&efzkef;rsm;?ypön;f ud&d,mrsm;
Updatevkyfjcif;?yHy
h d;k rIt*Fg&yfrsm;enf;ynmqdi
k f&muRrf;usifrIrsm;ponfw
h Ydk \
tajymif;tvJrsm;udk xif[wf&ygrnf/
prf;oyfppfaq;jcif;onfEPPwGifyg0ifonfhtpdwt
f ydi
k f;jzpfNyD;4if;twGuf
jznfq
h nf;rIrsm;udk aqmif&Guf&rnf/
xdYk jyif
EPPonf
pDrHue
d f;O
& MESifh
apmifMh unfp
h pfaq;onfh 0efxrf;rsm;
twGuf oifwef;rsm;udk jznfq
h nf;ay;&rnfjzpfí 4if;tcsufonf qnfab;
uif;vHkjcHKa&;
ta&;ay:tajctaersm;tm;
wHYk jyefaqmif&Guf
&mwGifaumif;
rGef xda&mufrI&Sa
d pa&;twGufta&;BuD;onfhtpdwt
f ydi
k f;jzpfyg onf/
4if;oifwef;rsm;wGif t"duta&;BuD;onfh tqif(h 3)qif&
h y
Sd gonf/
 pDrHue
d f;O&MESifa
h pmifMh unfp
h pfaq;onf0
h efxrf;rsm;tm;tawGUtMuHK&Sd
onfq
h nfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tif*sifeD,mOD;aqmifoifwef;ay;onfh
ueOD;tvkyf½Hk aqG;aEG;yGJ yHp
k HjzpfNyD; 4if;udk qnfab;uif; vHjk cHKa&;
tjzpftysuf rSefqyHa
k zmfcsuf
(Scencrios)
rsm;ESifh ta&;ygonfh pDrHue
d f;
0efxrf;rsm;rSoifa
h wmfonfh wHYk jyef aqmif&Gur
f I owfrSwfa&;qGJjcif;ESifh
oiha
f wmfonfw
h HYk jyefaqmif&Gur
f Irsm;twGuv
f dt
k yfonfhjyifqifaqmif&Guf
rIrsm;owfrSwfjcif; ponfe
h nf;vrf;rsm;jzifa
h qmif&Guy
f grnf/
 qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;tjzpftysuferlemyHp
k Hi,ftm;wHYk jyefaqmif&Guf
onfh
tqdy
k g
pDrHue
d f;0efxrf;rsm;jzifh
vufawGU
avhusifc
h ef;tpydi
k f;wGif
uGif;qif;avhusifc
h ef;jzpfí
tjzpftysufjzpfyGm;rI
tajctae
azmfjycsufESift
h wl azmfjy&ef aemufqufwGo
J wif;tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh
aemufqufwJG
tcsdefrsm;wGif
wHkYjyefaqmif&Gur
f Irsm;ESifh
pDrHue
d f;
ae&mrsm;ponfh tcsufrsm; yg0ifap&ef pDpOfaqmif&Gux
f m;ygonf/
 pDrHudef;0efxrf;rsm;?0efBuD;XmerS 0efxrf;rsm;? tjcm;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;ESifh
vufawGUuGif;qif; avhusifc
h ef;wpfck jzpfí txufazmfjyyg twdi
k f;
qnfab;uif;vHkjcHKrItjzpftysufjzpfyGm;rI erlem yHp
k Hi,f pDpOfxm;&Sí
d
wHYk jyef aqmif&Gur
f Irsm; yg0ifygonf/
aemufqufwGJ (1) – qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm; azmfjyonhfajryHr
k sm;
aemufqufwGJ(1(u) – qifaoqnfajrmifpDrHudef;azmfjyonfhajryHk
aemufqufwGJ
azmfjyonfhajryHk
(1)
(c)
–
ajrmuf,rm;qnfajrmifpDru
H def;
aemufqufwGJ
(1)
(*)
–
qGmacsmif;qnfajrmifpDrHudef;
azmfjyonfhajryHk
aemufqufwGJ
azmfjyonfhajryHk
(1)
(C)
–
rvဲနတ္awmifqnfa&ajrmif;pDrHudef;
rလဲနတ္a wmif q nf ? qnf a jrmif ; pD r H u d e f ; uG e f , uf
Z,m;(14) &nf&G,o
f nfq
h nfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;twGuf ta&;ygonfh
a&G;cs,fa&; pHowfrSwf csufrsm;
vufawGUaqmif&Guf
vufawGUaqmif&GufEdi
k frI
Edi
k frI{&d,m
pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;
pD;yGm;a&;ESifhb@ma&;&m
 pdkufysKd;xkwfvy
k frI(xGuE
f Ie;f )(odYk )
oD;ESp
H dkuy
f sKd;odyfonf;qESifh ywfouf í
odomonhf
yHkre
S fwd;k yGm;rI&&SdEi
dk frnfh
tvm;tvm
(Oyrm
ESpfo;D rS
–
oHk;oD;odkY)
 pdkufysKd;a&;qdi
k f&m
a&mif;0,fazmufum;rI
wdk;wufvmaeonfh{&d,mrsm;ESifh
aps;uGufrsm;?
jzefYjzL;a&;
vrf;aMumif;
rsm;? vrf;rsm;ESifh tvG,fwul oGm;vm
qufoG,E
f di
k fonfh {&d,mrsm;
enf;ynmqdkif&m
 pepfwpfcc
k sif;(odkY)
BuD;rm;onfhpepf\vGwfvyfpmG
aqmif&GufEdi
k fonfh tpdwftydki;f
 500ESifh 5000 hatMum;uGyfuJ{&d,m
 jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyi
f ef;aqmif&Guf&ef
vdktyfonfhvuf&Sd qnfajrmif; pepfrsm;
 pDrHue
d f;jyKjyifxdef;odrf;a&;vkyi
f ef;rsm;
OD;aqmif^ulnDaqmif&Gufawmifo^
l
a&toHးkjyKtzGJUrsm; pdwy
f g0ifpm;rI
vlrIa&;&m
wnfae&mrsm;wGif ajr,mtjiif;yGm;rIrsm;
r&Sy
d g/
 awmifolrsm;taejzifh
vkyfief;rsm;
&if;ESD;jr§KyfEHSrIEi
S fh
ponfwkdYESifh
ywfoufí
qHk;jzwfaqmif&Guf&mwGif
yg0ifEdki&
f ygrnf/
obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m
pDrHue
d f;ESifh
ywfoufí
ysufpD;aponfh
qdk;usKd;oufa&mufrIrsm;r&SdapbJ?
jrefrmEdkifiHESifhurÇmbPfwdkY\
obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m
owfrSwfcsufrsm;ESihf
udkufnDaprI&Sd&ygrnf/
 owåKwGif;^pufrIvy
k fief;rsm;rS
a&npfnrf;aprIrsm;
rnfonfh{&d,mrQ
oufa&mufrr
I &Sa
d p&ef
aemufqufwGJ(2)-qnfajrmif;pdr
D Hudef;{&d,mrsm;&S&
d moDOwkqdi
k f&m
tcsuftvufrsm;
Z,m;(15) – owfrSwx
f m;onfv
h uf&Sdqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;\
enf;ynmqdi
k f&m tcsuftvufrsm;
taMumif;t&m
qnftrnfrsm;
qifao ajrmuf,rm;
ajryHñ
k Tef;
93D/4475455
vwåw
D G'f
96 degree
2 minutes
84J/12K- 010779
94 degree 34
minutes
21 degree 59
qGm
rvdewfawmif
94A/4V
645280
93 (B-2) S.R853018
96 degree
12 minutes
96 degree 6
minutes
avmif*sDwG'f
20 degree
9 minutes
minutes
19 degree
11 minutes
22 degree 34
minutes
qnftrsdK;tpm;
Zone Earth
Fill Dam
Earthen
Earth Fill
Dam
Earthen
owfrSw{
f &d,m
308
191
403
75
qnftjrih(f ay)
109
65
97 (Main
dam)
72
40 (saddle
dam)
qnftvsm; (ay)
1350
10400
6600
(Main
dam)
11850
16900
(saddle
dam)
qnfokdavSmifrI
pkpkaygif;^{u(ay)
Live
Dead
^{u(ay)
^{u(ay)
143,090
14,057
216,350
57,470
125,787
11,221
188,180
50,060
17,303
2,836
28,170
7,410
33.74
34
83.75
43.6
110000
66430
312040
65000
25,416
31,000
35,000
10,000
15,218
30,320
23,467
6,500
ysrf;rQrd;k a&csdef(vufr)
ysrf;rQESpfpOfa&pD;0ifrI
({u^ay)
pkpkaygif;a&avSmifuef
owfrSw{
f &d,m
pkpkaygif; ({u)
tom;wif ({u)
a&tm;vQyfppfwyfqif
0
0/250kW
0
5kW in canal
30
households
0
0
0
0
0
0
pGrf;&nf
tdrfokH;a&jznhq
f nf;rI
100 acres
ajrjyifa&toH;k jyKrI
a&oG,f>yeftrsdK;tpm;
Reinforced
Cement
Concrete
Reinforced
Reinforced
Cement Concrete
Cement
Concrete
Left: 3’.Ǿ (1 No)
6ft x 4ft (2 Nos)
a&oG,f>yeft&G,t
f pm;
6ft x 4ft (2
Nos)
Reinforced Cement
Concrete
6ft x 4ft (3
Nos)
(1.83m x
1.22m) (2
Nos)
Right: 6ft x 4ft (1
No)
Left: 251
258
Right: 221
362
-
Left: 50
a&oG,f>yeftvsm;
Right: 200
-
240
750
a&oG,f>yefxw
k fvw
T f^
pD;qif;yHp
k H
vuf½q
Sd nfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;rsm;\enf;ynmqki
d f&mtcsuftvufrsm; (CONTD)
taMumif;t&m
Type of Spillway
qnftrnfrsm;
qifao
ajrmuf,rm;
qGm
rvdewfawmif
Ogee Type
Reinforced
Cement Concrete
Duckbill Type
Reinforced Cement
Concrete
Reinforced
Cement
Concrete
Reinforced
Cement
Concrete
413
Length of Spillway
(ft)
510
100
110
-100
400
Width of Spillway
(ft)
Spillway
Design
Discharges
(Cusecs)
7500
-
341
Length
Emergency
Spillway (ft)
of
500
Width
Emergency
Spillway (ft)
of
Length of Main
Canal (miles)
18490
Left: 12
8000
52500
15.87
16.67 (1 Nos)
Right: 29
Main
Discharges
(Cusecs):
Length
Distributaries
Left: 5
Right: 10
Canal
Left: 500
Right: 312
of
-
-
-
(miles):
-
30.4
41.94 (8 Nos)
-
-
487 Nos
916 Nos
Left: 50 Nos
Canal Structures
Right: 84 Nos
Irrigable
(acres)
Area
(Gross):
25,416
(32400)
(Net):
15,218
Irrigated
acres
Area:
t&if;tjrpf
–
12,000
35,000
10,000
11,320
23,467
6,500
5,900
20,670
5,755
12,712
(16032)
qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme(2014)?
tcsuftvufrsm;udk
ADP
enf;ynmwdi
k f;wmrItzGUJ odYk aygif;pyfrQa0xm;ygonf/&efue
k f
rSwc
f suf - pkpkaygif;qnfa&ay;Edi
k faom{&d,monfaus;&Gmrsm;?
vrf;rsm;?
qnfa&ray;Edi
k faompdra
fh jrESifhajrjrify
h i
dk f;rsm;tygt0ifpepfe,f
owfrsOf;rsm;twGif;&Sp
d kaygif;{&d,mudkqv
dk o
dk nf/
tom;wifqnfa&ay;Edi
k faom{&d,mqnfa&jznfq
h nf;ay;Edi
k f
onfp
h kpkaygif;0efaqmifrI{&d,m/qnfa&aomuf{&d,mtrSefwu,f&&Sa
d eonfhtom;wifqnfa&ay;Edi
k faom{&d,m
Z,m;(16)ESpfpOfqnftwGif;odYk pD;0ifonfa
h &xkxnf
ckESpf
qifaoqnf ajrmuf,rm;qnf
({u – ay)
qGmqnf
rvdewfawmifqnf
(143090)
(14057)
(216350)
(57470)
2000
125ç094
-
-
-
2001
113ç869
-
-
-
2002
114ç577
-
-
-
2003
81ç703
-
-
-
2004
33ç718
-
594ç385
-
2005
133ç678
281ç177
750ç216
-
2006
57ç590
38ç557
725ç755
-
2007
91ç019
191ç303
676ç896
-
2008
77ç174
49ç474
487ç714
50ç084
2009
31ç704
219ç199
389ç218
44ç825
2010
60ç603
272ç826
509ç056
159ç016
2011
117ç490
575ç299
906ç789
109ç435
2012
27ç169
135ç044
435ç708
33ç214
2013
92ç481
26ç809
574ç642
97ç553
t&if;tjrpf – qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme (2014)
rSwc
f suf(1) uGif;jzifa
h zmfjyonfh udef;*Pef;rsm;rSm oufqkdif&mqnftvdkuf
trsm;qH;k a&oda
k vSmifxm;Edi
k frljzpfygonf/(2)ajrmuf,rm;twGuftcsuft
vufrsm;rSmajrmuf,rm;acsmif;udkjzwfíwnfaqmufxm;onfhtxufydi
k f;ESifh
atmufydi
k f;qnf (2)ckrStcsuftvufrsm;udkaygif;pyfazmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
yH(k 3) ESpfpOfqnftwGif;odkY a&pD;0ifrI (2008-2013)
inflow
tokYadam
(acre
feet)
ESpp
f Annual
Ofqnft
wGif;od
&pD;0if
rI ({u-ay)
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
2008
Sinthe
2009
2010
North Yamar
2011
Swa
2012
2013
Male Nattaung
Annual
inflow
tokYadam
(acre
feet)
ESpfp
Ofqnft
wGif;od
&pD;0if
rI ({u-ay)
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
2008
Sinthe
2009
2010
North Yamar
2011
Swa
2012
2013
Male Nattaung
Z,m;(17)– tqdjk yKpDrHudef;a'orsm;\ qnfa&aomuf{&d,mrsm;rS
yQrf;rQESpfpOfr;dk &GmoGef;rI
ckEp
S f qifaoqnf ajrmuf,rm;qnf qGmqnf rvdewfawmifqnf
1999
39.83
n.a
n.a
n.a
2000
22.49
n.a
n.a
n.a
2001
35.12
n.a
n.a
n.a
2002
9.12
n.a
n.a
n.a
2003
14.35
n.a
n.a
n.a
2004
11.21
n.a
61.14
n.a
2005
23.58
24.22
51.8
n.a
2006
33.85
24.52
81.45
n.a
2007
22.48
23.15
47.59
n.a
2008
21.32
28.35
43.85
30.33
2009
7.25
41.69
38.77
29.43
2010
20.39
50.64
63.2
67.51
2011
23.72
51.14
110.91
56.94
2012
15.65
28.22
84.82
29.8
2013
23.38
14.08
100.08
42.43
t&if;tjrpf – qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme(2014)?
rSwc
f suf(n.a)onf ]]tcsuftvufr&Edi
k fao;}}[k qdv
k do
k nf/
Z,m;(18)
vuf&Sq
d nfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;\ owfrSw{
f &d,m&Sd opfawmjyKef;wD;rIEIef;
opfawmzH;k vTrf;rI
(ha)
qnfajrmif;
pDrHue
d f;
ESpfpOf
Mum;umv opfawmqH;k ½H;I rI
tajccH
ESpf
2013
(ESpf)
opfawm
zk;H vTrf;rI
(ha)
{&d,mqH;k ½H;I rI
tajymif;
tvJ
(%)
(ha)
a
b
c
d
e = a-b
f = e/d
(f/a)*100
qifao
28ç329 14ç103
23
14ç226
619
2.18
ajrmuf,rm;
17ç678
9ç804
13
7ç874
606
3.43
qGmacsmif;
70ç845 57ç655
13
13ç190
1ç015
1.43
မလဲနwfawmif 12ç354 10ç816
8
1ç538
192
1.56
t&if;tjrpf – Eco Dev (2014) &&So
d nfh remote sensingtcsuftvufrsm;rS?
qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;twGua
f jr,mzGUJ pnf;yg0ifrItajymif;tvJqef;ppfavhvm
csuf? &efue
k f/
yH(k 4)vuf&Sq
d nfajrmif;pDrHudef;rsm;\owfrSw{
f &d,mrsm;&So
d pfawmzH;k vTrf;rIy
rmP tajymif;tvJrsm;
Forest Cover (ha)
80,000
60,000
40,000
Base Year
20,000
2013
Sin The
North Yamar
Swa Chaung
Male Nattaung
qnfajrmif;pDru
H def;rsm;
Forest Cover (ha)
80,000
60,000
40,000
Base Year
20,000
2013
Sin The
North Yamar
Swa Chaung
Male Nattaung
qnfajrmif;pDru
H def;rsm;
Z,m;(19) pDrHue
d f;{&d,m\ vlrI-pD;yGm;qdkif&mtcsuftvufrsm;
taMumif;t&m
qnftrnfrsm;
qifao
ajrmuf,rm;
qGm
rvd
ewfaw
mif
aus;&Gmpkta&twGuf
33
17
24
10
aus;&Gmta&twGuf
78
35
133
30
107ç926
69ç500
80ç009 22ç800
22ç640
12ç500
16ç319
5ç700
5ç420
3ç000
17ç000
2ç364
8ç766
8ç100
5780
3336
nil
nil
Karen
spread over
the area
nil
4
2.5
3
10
6
20
6
1.5
2
1.5
2
0.75
0.875
0.5
0.25
1.25
1.5
0.85
.5
0.25
0.25
0.25
.2
owfrSw{
f &d,m&Sv
d lOD;a&
(vlyk*K¾d vf)
tdrfaxmifpkta&twGuf
awmifot
l a&twGuf
ajr,mrJt
h drfaxmifpkta&twGuf
owfrSw{
f &d,m&Sw
d di
k f;&if;om;
vlenf;pkrsm;
ysrf;rQOD;ydi
k fajr,mt&G,t
f pm;
({u^tdrfaxmifpk)
trsm;qH;k OD;ydi
k fajr,m
5
tenf;qHk;OD;ydi
k fajr,m
yQrf;rQpdu
k fysKd;uGuft&G,t
f pm;({u)
trsm;qH;k pdu
k fysKd;uGuft&G,t
f pm;
tenf;qHk;pdu
k fysKd;uGuft&G,t
f pm;
awmifor
l sm;odYk
93.38% 100%
90%
90%
16ç032
23ç467
5755
ajr,mtoH;k jyKcGifh
vufrSwx
f kwa
f y;onfy
h rmP&mcdi
k f
EIef;
oD;ESp
H u
dk fysKd;{&d,m ({u)
5ç900
rd;k pyg;
5ç000
1ç185
20ç670
1000
aEGpyg;
11ç032
1ç000
150
560
tjcm;oDESH
t"dpu
dk fysKd;oD;ESx
H GuE
f Ief;
rd;k pyg; (wif^{u)
100
80
80
80
aEGpyg; (wif^{u)
115
90
85
120
aemufqufwJG
(2)(u)
–
qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;a'orsm;&Sd
vtvdkuy
f Qrf;rQ
rd;k &GmoGef;rIqdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;
qifao
ajrmuf,rm;
qGmacsmif;
rvdewfawmif
aejynfawmf
rH&
k Gm
awmifil
jyifOD;vGif
(inches)
(inches)
(inches)
(inches)
Zefe0g&D
0.17
0.08
0.23
0.02
azazmf0g&D
0.18
0.2
0.06
0.28
rwf
0.24
0.12
0.17
0.36
{NyD
1.39
0.98
1.27
2.25
ar
6.69
4.02
9.67
7.68
ZGef
8.19
4.21
14.34
5.13
Zlvdi
k f
8.76
2.87
18.11
6.14
Mo*kwf
8.35
5.04
18.75
6
pufwifbm
6.24
6.34
10.3
8.24
atmufwkdbm
4.89
5.59
6.39
6.14
Ed0
k ifbm
1.02
1.69
1.61
2.37
'DZifbm
1.53
0.24
0.16
0.47
v
t&if;tjrpf – qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme (2014)? tqdjk yKpDrHue
d f; {&d,mrsm;&Sd
qnfESiq
fh nfajrmif;pepfrsm;tpD&ifcHpm?v,f,mpdu
k fysKd;a&;ESifhqnfajrmif;0ef
BuD;Xme?qnfajrmif;OD;pD;XmerSyy
Hh ;dk onft
h csuftvufrsm;?aejynfawmf(jrefrm
Edi
k fiHtwGif;)
aemufqufwJG
(2)
(c)
–
qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;{&d,mrsm;&Sd
vtvdu
k f
ysrf;rQrdk;&GmoGef;rIazmfjyonfh um;csyf
vtvdu
k fysrf;rQrd;k &GmoGe;f rI
20
inches
15
NayPyiTaw
10
Monywa
5
Taungo
PyinOoLwin
0
vtvdu
k fysrf;rQrd;k &GmoGe;f rI
20
inches
15
10
NayPyiTaw
Monywa
5
0
Taungo
PyinOoLwin
aemufqufwGJ (2) (*) – qnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;a'o½Sd ysrf;rQtylcsdefqi
dk f&m
tcsuftvufrsm;
qifao
ajrmuf,rm;
qGmacsmif;
rvdewfawmif
aejynfawmf
rH&
k Gm
awmifil
jyifOD;vGif
(Centigrade)
(Centigrade)
(Centigrade)
(Centigrade)
Zefe0g&D
25.32
20.9
23.6
10
azazmf0g&D
26.11
23.1
25.9
17
rwf
28.38
27.1
28.2
21
{NyD
30.33
30.7
31.6
23
ar
29.83
31.4
29.9
23
ZGef
29.79
28.3
27.3
23
Zlvdi
k f
27.82
30.2
27.1
22
Mo*kwf
28.99
29.6
27.9
22
pufwifbm
29.55
29.2
23.5
21
atmufwkdbm
28.29
27.8
27.9
21
Ed0
k ifbm
27.86
24.7
26
18
'DZifbm
25.45
21.2
22.5
15
vtrnf
t&if;tjrpf
–
qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme
(2014)?
tqdjk yKpDrHue
d f;a'orsm;½Sd
qnfESiq
hf nfajrmif;pepfrsm;tpD&ifcHpm?v,f,mpdu
k fysdK;a&;ESihfqnfajrmif;0ef
BuD;Xme?
qnfajrmif;OD;pD;XmerSyy
Hh ;dk onhf
(jrefrmEdi
k fiHtwGif;)
tcsuftvufrsm;?
aejynfawmif
aemufqufwJG
(2)
(C)
–
qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;a'orsm;½Sd
vtvdkuy
f srf;rQtylcsdefazmfjyonhf um;csyf
vtvdu
k fysrf;rQtylcsdef
35
30
centigrade
25
20
NayPyiTaw
15
Monywa
10
Taungo
5
PyinOoLwin
0
vtvdu
k fysrf;rQtylcsdef
35
30
centigrade
25
20
NayPyiTaw
15
Monywa
10
Taungo
5
0
PyinOoLwin
aemufqufwJG
(2)
(i)
–
qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;a'orsm;\
ysrf;rQpdkxdi
k f;qqdi
k f&mtcsuftvufrsm;
qifao
ajrmuf,rm;
qGmacsmif;
rvdewfawmif
aejynfawmf
rH&
k Gm
awmifil
jyifOD;vGif
(Percentage)
(Percentage)
(Percentage)
(Percentage)
Zefe0g&D
51
67
67.3
75
azazmf0g&D
47
58
58.2
67
rwf
52
49
54.8
58
{NyD
50
51
57
62
ar
52
67
75.4
78
ZGef
54
70
87.3
81
Zlvdi
k f
56
70
89.8
84
Mo*kwf
57
73
89.4
86
pufwifbm
56
79
85.8
83
atmufwkdbm
55
80
81.4
83
Ed0
k ifbm
55
74
75.9
82
'DZifbm
50
72
71.6
83
vtrnf
t&if;tjrpf – qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme (2014)? tqdjk yKpDrHue
d f; {&d,mrsm;½Sd
qnfESihf
qnfajrmif;pepfrsm;?
qnfajrmif;0efBuD;Xme?
tpD&ifcHpm?
qnfajrmif;OD;pD;XmerS
aejynfawmf (jrefrmEdi
k fiHtwGif;)
v,f,mpdu
k fysdK;a&;
ESihf
yHy
h ;dk onht
f csuftvufrsm;?
aemufqufwJG
(2)
(p)
–
qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;{&d,mrsm;½Sd
ysrf;rQpdkxdi
k f;qazmfjyonhu
f m;csyf
pdx
k i
dk f;q
100
90
80
Percentage
70
60
NayPyiTaw
50
40
Monywa
30
Taungo
20
PyinOoLwin
10
0
pdx
k i
dk f;q
100
90
80
Percentage
70
60
50
NayPyiTaw
40
Monywa
30
Taungo
20
PyinOoLwin
10
0
aemufqufwJG (3) – qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;a'orsm;½Sd a&oH;k pGr
J IEi
dI f;,SOfcsuf
aemufqufwJG
(3)
(u)
–
pyg;pdu
k fysdK;jcif;twGuf
{u-aytvdu
k f
a&oH;k pGr
J I
ckESpf
qnfajrmif;pDrHudef;
qifao
ajrmuf,rm;
qGmacsmif;
rvdewfawmif
2008
3.6
4.8
5.0
7.3
2009
3.2
4.6
4.7
5.9
2010
-
3.4
3.5
6.8
2011
1.7
4.9
3.9
8.7
2012
1.5
6.0
5.1
11.7
2013
4.0
2.7
6.0
5.4
t&if;tjrpf
–
qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme
(2014)?
tqdjk yKpDrHue
d f;{&d,m½Sd
qnfESiq
hf nfajrmif;pepfrsm;tpD&ifcHpm?v,f,mpdu
k fysdK;a&;ESihfqnfajrmif;0ef
BuD;Xme?
qnfajrmif;OD;pD;XmerS
(jrefrmEdi
k fiHtwGif;)
yHy
h ;dk onhf
tcsuftvufrsm;?
aejynfawmf
aemufqufwJG
(3)
(c)
pyg;pdu
k fysdK;jcif;twGuf
–
({u-ay)
a&oH;k pGr
J Iazmfjyonhu
f m;csyf
pdu
k fysdK;onhf (pyg;){utvdu
k f a&oH;k pGr
J I
14
12
Acre ft
10
Sinthe
8
North Yamar
6
Swa Chaung
Male Nattaung
4
2
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
pdu
k fysdK;onhf (pyg;){utvdu
k f a&oH;k pGr
J I
14
12
Acre ft
10
Sinthe
8
North Yamar
6
Swa Chaung
Male Nattaung
4
2
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
aemufqufwJG
(4)
(u)
–
avhvmcJo
h nho
f wfrSwf{&d,mrsm;twGif;
ajr,mtoHk;jyKrIESihfajr,m zGJUpnf;yg0ifrI tajymif;tvJrsm; azmfjyonha
f jryHk
qifaoqnf{&d,m\
ajr,mzGUJ pnf;yg0ifrI
tajymif;tvJ
ajrmuf,rm;qnf{&d,m
\ajr,mzGUJ pnf;yg0ifrI
tajymif;tvJ
t&if;tjrpf
–
Eco
Dev
(2014)&½So
d nhf
remote
sensing
tcsuftvufrsm;tay:tajccHíqnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;owfrSw{
f &d,mrsm;twGif;
ajr,mtoH;k jyKrIESiha
f jr,mzGUJ pnf;yg0ifrItajymif;tvJrsm;avhvmqef; ppfjcif;?
&efue
k f
qGmacsmif;qnf{&d,m\
ajr,mzGUJ pnf;yg0ifrI
tajymif;tvJ
rvdewfawmifqnf{&d
,m\ajr,mzGUJ pnf;yg0if
rI tajymif;tvJ
t&if;tjrpf
–
Eco
Dev(2014)?
&½Sdonhf
remote
sensing
tcsuf
tvuf
rsm;tay:tajccHíqnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;owfrSw{
f &d,mrsm;twGif;ajr,mtoH;k
jyKrIESiha
f jr,mzGUJ pnf;yg0ifrItajymif;tvJrsm; avhvmqef;ppfjcif;? &efue
k f/
aemufqufwJG
(4)
(c)-
avhvmcJo
h nf{
h &d,mrsm;½Sd
ajr,mtoHk;jyKrI?
ajr,mzGUJ pnf;yg0ifrItajymif; tvJ rufx&pfZ,m;
qifaoqnfowfrSw{
f &d,m (1990 ckESpfESihf 2013 ckESpf Edi
I f;,SOfcsuf)
t&if;tjrpf –
Eco Dev(2014)-&½Sdonhf
remote sensingtcsuftvufrsm;tay:
tajccHíqnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;owfrSw{
f &d,mrsm;twGif;
ajr,mtoH;k jyKrIESihf
ajr,mzGUJ pnf;yg0ifrI tajymif;tvJrsm; avhvmqef;ppfjcif;? &efue
k f/
ajrmuf,rm;qnfowfrSw{
f &d,m
Edi
I f;,SOfcsuf)
(2000
ckESpfESihf
2013
ckESpf
t&if;tjrpf
–
Eco
Dev(2014)
-
&½Sdonhf
remote
sensing
tcsuftvufrsm;tay:tajccHíqnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;owfrSw{
f &d,mrsm;twGif;
ajr,mtoH;k jyKrIESiha
f jr,mzGUJ pnf;yg0ifrItajymif;tvJrsm; avhvmqef;ppfjcif;?
&efue
k f/
qGmacsmif;qnfowfrSw{
f &d,m (2000 ckESpfESihf 2013 ckESpf Edi
I f;,SOfcsuf)
t&if;tjrpf –
Eco Dev(2014)
- &½So
d nhf
remote sensing
tcsuf tvuf rsm;
tay:tajccHíqnfajrmif;pDrHudef;owfrSw{
f &d,mrsm;twGif;ajr,mtoH;k jyKrI
ESihf ajr,mzGUJ pnf;yg0ifrI tajymif;tvJrsm; avhvmqef;ppfjcif;? &efue
k f/
rvdewfawmifqnfowfrSwf{&d,m
(2002
ckESpfESihf
2010
ckESpf
-
&½So
d nhf
remote
sensing
Edi
I f;,SOfcsuf)
t&if;tjrpf
–
Eco
Dev(2014)
tcsuftvufrsm;tay:tajccHíqnfajrmif;pDrHue
d f;owfrSw{
f &d,mrsm;twGif;
ajr,mtoH;k jyKrIESiha
f jr,mzGUJ pnf;yg0ifrItajymif;tvJrsm; avhvmqef;ppfjcif;?
&efue
k f
aemufqufwGJ (5) – qnfajrmif;pDru
H def;a'orsm;rS pkaqmif;&½Sdonhf a&erlemrsm;twGuf
a&t&nftaoG; prf;oyfrI&v'frsm;
qifao
ajrmuf,rm;
qGmacsmif;
rvdewfawmif
pHowfrSwfcsuf
wnfae&m
wnfae&m
wnfae&m
wnfae&m
wnfae&m
wnfae&m
wnfae&m
wnfae&m
wnfae&m
wnfae&m
wnfae&m
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
wdi
k f;wmonhf
wmwrHrS
qnfra
S &
0Jbuf
yifr
qnfrS
-------------
-------------
vufyHvS
qnfrS
qnfrS
qnfrS
vu©Pm&yfrsm;
a&
wl;ajrmif;
wl;ajrmif;
a&
(trwfBuD;
(a&wm½Snf
aus;&Gm
a&
(pmrsufESm
(pmrsufESm
trSwf(1)
rS
ukef;aus;&Gm)
teD;)
wl;ajrmif;
wGifMunf&
h ef)
wGifMunf&
h ef)am
wyfukef;
a&
aomufa&
qnfajrmi
teD;
1
6.5 –
6.5 -
8.5a
8.4f
7.8
8.7*
8.4
7.9
8.2
8.1
6.6
8.3
7.8
8.5
7.7
<5
<5
7
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
94*
<5
<10 FAUd
-
Hardness
(mg/L)
140*
140*
58.5
150*
100*
100*
31.5
110*
180*
31.5
72*
<60 mg/Lc
-
Carbonate
(me/L)
3.5*
3.5*
1.46
3.75*
2.5*
2.5*
0.79
2.75*
4.5*
0.79
1.8*
-
4
Arsenic (ppb)
<4
<4
-
<4
<4
<4
-
140*
120*
-
-
<10 ppba
-
5
Aluminum
(mg/L)
0.02
0.02
<0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
<0.01
0.02
0.03
<0.01
0.02
<0.2
mg/La
-
6
Potassium
(mg/L)
9.2
11
49*
2.8
2.6
2.0
35*
2.3
1.6
22*
22*
<20 mg/Lc
-
2
3
pH
Turbidity
(FAU)
<1.5 me/L
qifao
ajrmuf,rm;
qGmacsmif;
rvdewfawmif
pHowfrSwfcsuf
wnfae&m
wnfae&m
wnfae&m
wnfae&m
wnfae&m
wnfae&m
wnfae&m
wnfae&m
wnfae&m
wnfae&m
wnfae&m
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
wdi
k f;wmonhf
wmwrHrS
qnfra
S &
0Jbuf
yifr
qnfrS
-------------
-------------
vufyHvS
qnfrS
qnfrS
qnfrS
vu©Pm&yfrsm;
a&
wl;ajrmif;
wl;ajrmif;
a&
(trwfBuD;
(a&wm½Snf
aus;&Gm
a&
(pmrsufESm
(pmrsufESm
trSwf(1)
rS
ukef;aus;&Gm)
teD;)
wl;ajrmif;
wGifMunf&
h ef)
wGifMunf&
h ef)am
wyfukef;
a&
aomufa&
qnfajrmi
teD;
Iron (mg/L)
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
0.36*
<0.1
<0.2
mg/Lb
-
Chloride
(me/L)
0.20
0.41
2.51
0.61
0.20
0.51
0.46
0.61
0.61
1.14
0.46
-
<4 me/Lf
Nitrite (mg/L)
< 0.01
< 0.01
-
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
-
< 0.01
< 0.01
-
-
<0.5
mg/Lb
-
Zinc (mg/L)
< 0.02
< 0.02
-
0.09
< 0.02
< 0.02
-
0.19
0.15
-
-
< 3 mg/La
-
t&if;tjrpf –
Eco Lab (2014) rS "gwfcGc
J ef;avhvmqef;ppfcsuf tpD&ifcHpmrS
Note: Figures with asterisk show the above limit situation comparing to the respected standard limit
(u) aomufokH;a&twGuf WHO rS pHowfrSwc
f suf (1993)
(c) aomufokH;a&twGuf EU rS pHowfrSwc
f suf
(*) tjcm;pHowfrSwc
f sufrsm;
(C) USGS a&t&nftaoG;owif;tcsuftvuf
(i)
Michigan
(p) FAO
a&t&nftaoG;pHowfrSwc
f suf (pnf;rsOf; 64)
(1995) guidelines for interpretation of water quality fr irrigation, FAO irrigation and drainage paper 53, Rome
aemufqufwJG6(u)–
jrefrmEki
d fiH½Su
d rÇmhrsdK;wkef;aysmufuG,fv½
k Sm;yg;rsdK;pdwr
f sm;(wGm;oGm;owå0grsm;)
No
Common name
Scientific name
Status
1
Four-toed Terrapin
Batagur baska
Critically Endangered
2
Leatherback
Dermochelys coriacea
Critically Endangered
3
Burmese Starred Tortoise
Geochelone platynota
Critically Endangered
4
Arakan Forest Turtle
Heosemys depressa
Critically Endangered
5
Hawksbill Turtle
Eretmochelys imbricata
Critically Endangered
6
Gharial
Gavialis gangeticus
Critically Endangered
7
Burmese Peacock Softshell
Nilssonia formosa
Endangered
8
Frog-faced Softshell Turtle
Pelochelys cantorii
Endangered
9
Big-headed Turtle 10
Platysternon
Endangered
10
Enhydris vorisi
Endangered
11 Yellow-headed Tortoise
Indotestudo elongata
Endangered
12 Burmese Roofed Turtle
Batagur trivittata
Endangered
13 Green Turtle
Chelonia mydas
Endangered
14 Burmese Mountain Tortoise
Manouria emys
Endangered
15 Indian Narrow-headed Softshell
Chitra indica
Endangered
16 Jagged-shelled Turtle
Cuora mouhotii
Endangered
17 Bengal Eyed Terrapin
Morenia ocellata
Vulnerable
18 King Cobra
Ophiophagus hannah
Vulnerable
19 Impressed Tortoise
Manouria impressa
Vulnerable
20 Southeast Asian Softshell Turtle
Amyda cartilaginea
Vulnerable
21
Siebenrockiella crassicollis
Vulnerable
22 Olive Ridley
Lepidochelys olivacea
Vulnerable
23 Southeast Asian Box Turtle
Cuora amboinensis
Vulnerable
24 Giant Asian Pond Turtle
Heosemys grandis
Vulnerable
Source: Forest Department (2011), National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, Myanmar; Ministry of
Environmental Conservation and Forestry, The Republic of The Union of Myanmar, Nay Pyi Daw
aemufqufwG6
J (c)-jrefrmEkdii
f H½dSurÇmhrsdK;wkef;aysmufuGufvk½Sm;yg;
rsdK;pdwr
f sm; (iSufzsm;)
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Common name
White-bellied Heron
Spoon-billed Sandpiper
Pink-headed Duck
Red-headed Vulture
Baer’s Pochard
White-winged Duck
Masked Fin foot
Greater Adjutant
Scaly-sided Merganser
Green Peafowl
Gurney’ s Pitta
White-browed Nuthatch
Spotted Greenshank
Rufous-necked Hornbill
Plain-pouched Hornbill
Greater Spotted Eagle
Indian Spotted Eagle
Pale-capped Pigeon
Yellow-breasted Bunting
Lesser Kestrel
Sarus Crane
Pallas’s Fish-eagle
Lesser Adjutant
Sclater’ s Monal
Nicobar Megapode
Wallace’ s Hawk-eagle
Great Bustard
White-fronted Scops-owl
Straw-headed Bulbul
Indian Skimmer
Beautiful Nuthatch
Giant Nuthatch
Black-headed Ibis
Blyth’s Tragopan
Large Green-pigeon
Grey-sided Thrush
Scientific name
Ardea insignis
Eurynorhynchus pygmeus
Rhodonessa caryophyllacea
Sarcogyps calvus
Aythya baeri
Cairina scutulata
Heliopais personatus
Leptoptilos dubius
Mergus squamatus
Pavo muticus
Pitta gurneyi
Sitta victoriae
Tringa guttifer
Aceros nipalensis
Aceros subruficolli
Aquila clanga
Aquila hastata
Columba punicea
Emberiza aureola
Falco naumanni
Grus antigone
Haliaeetus leucoryphus
Leptoptilos javanicus
Lophophorus sclateri
Megapodius nicobariensis
Nisaetus nanus
Otis tarda
Otus sagittatus
Pycnonotus zeylanicus
Rynchops albicollis
Sitta formosa
Sitta magna
Threskiornis melanocephalus
Tragopan blythii
Treron capellei
Turdus feae
Status
Critically Endangered
Critically Endangered
Critically Endangered
Critically Endangered
Endangered
Endangered
Endangered
Endangered
Endangered
Endangered
Endangered
Endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Source:
Forest Department(2011), National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, Myanmar; Forest
Department, Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry, The Republic of The Union of
Myanmar, Nay Pyi Daw.
yl;wGJ – 7 ab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;trsm;jynfoltBuHjyKaqG;aEG;yGr
J Sww
f rf;rsm;