3rd International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Engineering Trends, Communication, Optimization and Sciences (EEECOS)-2016
Rainwater Harvesting System With Surface
Spring As Additional Source Of Water Barundeep
Rai1, Prashika Tamang2, Pradeep Rai3, Loomit Lepcha4, Tashi Rapden Wangchuk5
1, 3, 4,
Diploma Student in Dept. Of Civil Engineering, CCCT Polytechnic
2
Lecturer in Dept. Of Civil Engineering, CCCT Polytechnic
5 Sr.Lecturer in Dept. Of Electrical Engineering, CCCT Polytechnic
Chisopani, P.O. Nandugaon, South Sikkim, India
It describes the Functions and Complete Description of the
Abstract- The work consists of constructing a rain water
Above Blocks Shown in the Block Diagram
harvesting system in the college campus CCCT Chisopani.
By calculating average annual rainfall and total rooftop
A. RAINFALL
catchment area which includes academic buildings and the
South Sikkim has a variety of climate conditions and the
surface spring water. Then the capacity of water required
for rain water harvesting is calculated keeping in note the
rainfall data of south Sikkim was found out at a website of
requirements of users and amount of water that can be
Sikkim. Which is given below in table-1.The average
harvested. The designing of tanks is done along with the
annual rainfall is found out as 165.49 mm. The maximum
estimation. It was found that the total of seventy eight
temperature record so far on the average is 17-27 degree
percentage of total water that can be harvested at a time
Celsius and minimum 2-21 Degree Celsius. The rain water
will be collected and stored. The optimum location of the
intensity and hydrograph is shown in fig 1 and2. [4]
tank was done according to features of our college campus.
Keywords- Roof Water Harvesting System, Catchment
areas, Underground RCC Tank, Runoff, Demand,
Population, and Monsoon.
I. INTRODUCTION
The rain water harvesting system is the simple
method of storing rain water. It consists of different tank
which serves different purposes. In our college campus we
face lots of water crisis during dry season so to face up
with these types of problems we decided to plan rain water
harvesting system in our college campus. [1]
This project is highly based on conserving rain
water so that it can be reused for different purposes like
washing, cleaning, drinking, etc. To supply more amount
of water we have even added surface spring water which is
perennial and is not used by anyone. The Pipe lines used
for the supply of water are laid underground. [2]
Table 1
Sl.no
Time (year)
Rainfall in (mm)
1
2010
168.74
2
2011
185.32
3
2012
152.77
4
2013
145.2
5
2014
164.55
2015
176.4
6
II. OUR WORK
This system demonstrates the process of collecting the
run off from the roof tops of academic buildings and
transferring the collected water to the place of application.
The water collected is then treated with charcoal filtration
and sedimentation units to make it potable. These units are
rectangular in shape and are made of reinforced cement
concrete. [3]
III. BLOCK DIAGRAM
RAINFALL
SEDIMENTATION
CATCHMENT AREA
COLLECTION
Fig 1 Shows Hydrograph.
BLOCK DESCRIPTION
D
FILTRATION
326
3rd International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Engineering Trends, Communication, Optimization and Sciences (EEECOS)-2016
Fig 2 Shows Annual Rainfall Graph
B. CATCHMENT AREA
The catchment area for this project consists of roof top
area of academic buildings. These comprises of GI
Sheets roof top of area 134.719 m2.These can collect
water upto 134.719 × 1000=1, 34,719.2 Ltrs at a time of
rainfall. The catchment area is shown in fig 3. [1]
Fig.4 COLLECTION TANK
D. SEDIMENTATION
The water from the collection tank is supplied to
sedimentation unit. The sedimentation unit comprises a
rectangular RCC structure, the reinforcement used is of
size 12mm main bars and 8mm distribution bars .it also
consist of screening chamber which will trap the floating
matters present in water with two baffle wall. The first
baffle wall is constructed to trap the heavy sediments
present in the collected water, after trapping the sediments
the debris is flushed out by flushing outlet. The second
baffle wall is constructed little smaller than the first one
which will trap the small sediments and the clean water is
supplied to next unit through outlet pipes as shown in fig 5.
[5]
Fig 3:- PLAN AND LAYOUT OF SITE
C. COLLECTION
Collection unit comprises of a rectangular tank of volume
35.52 m3 which is constructed with reinforce cement
concrete and it’s laid Semi underground i.e. 30cm above
ground. This tank collects rain water from catchment area
of academic buildings through the pipes and gutters and
then the water is passed to sedimentation tank as shown in
fig 4 .[5]
Fig.5 SEDIMENTATION TANK
E. FILTRATION
The filtration unit comprises of RCC structure which is
placed above ground. The volume of filtration tank is
24m3.The filtration media used are wire mesh, charcoal,
gravel and pebble and these method is termed as charcoal
filtration these tank collects water from sedimentation tank
and is passed to storage tank through pipelines. It follows
the process of slow sand filter where the water passes
through wire mesh, charcoal, gravel and pebble to remove
debris, suspended particles and dirt from water before
entering the storage tank through outlet pipe as shown in
fig
6.
[6]
327
3rd International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Engineering Trends, Communication, Optimization and Sciences (EEECOS)-2016




Fig.6 FILTRATION TANK
F. STORAGE
The storage tank is a RCC structure which is a semi
underground. This tank can store water upto 70,000
litres. The water after passing through all the tanks gets
purified and is stored in storage tank so that the water is
used only in the dry days(i.e. during scarcity of water).as
shown in fig7.[6]




Fig.7 STORAGE TANK
G. QUANTITIES FOR DIFFERENT TANK UNITS
The quantity of different work that is to be carried out
during the implementation of this project is given below in
the table. [7]
SI.NO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
DESCRIPTION
Earthwork in excavation
Stone soling / Gravel
PCC in foundation
Plaster
RCC in foundation
RCC in main wall
RCC in slab
12mm plaster in outer wall
12mm plaster in inner wall
Baffle Walls
Baffle walls
VOLUME OF
WORK
77.908 m3
50.34 m3
29.29 m3
70.62 m2
11.172 m3
8.92 m3
26.72 m3
65.38 m2
57.66 m2
0.27 m2
0.15 m2
IV.
RESULT AND ANALYSIS
The amount of water harvested is found to be
1,34,719.2 Ltrs during rainy season and the designed
storage tank is of capacity 70,000 ltrs (max.) and
35520ltrs (max) in collection tank. Total of 78.31 % of
water is stored and collected in these tanks.
In case of low rainfall, tanks can be recharge by
perennial surface run source which supplies 432 ltrs
per day.
The amount of water harvested is found to be
sufficient for 300-400 heads during dry season.
So, after analysing the results it is found that this
project would be helpful during water crisis.
This project is 80% reliable on rainfall and 20% on the
surface source.
The water sample is practically tested in labs where we
found the turbidity of sample as 8.6NTU
(Nephlometric Turbidity Unit) and after treating with
the rapid sand filter we found the turbidity as 3.4NTU.
The normal drinking water should not exceed 5NTU
and hence our sample lies within the limitations of
potable water.
As per the experiment we found that the Ph (Potential
of Hydrogen) value of our sample as 6.91 which is
not classified as potable water. So we took the sample
and filtered through the rapid sand filter and found the
Ph value of that particular water as 7.34 which are
good for drinking purpose also.
After passing through filtration unit the water gets into
storage tank where it gets treated with some amount of
alum which will make the water as potable.
V.
CONCLUSION
This work got many advantages as it can be used as the
alternative source for the water supply. Most importantly
this project can be implemented as the backup source and
brings a lot of productivity in everyday life. This project is
the ultimate solution for the water crises situations as it
collects about 73.81% of rain water. The design of
filtration and sedimentation tank would help in purifying
water which can be used even for drinking purposes. By
implanting this project at our collage, the shortage of water
will be fullfill.There won’t be any water scarcity during
summer or dry season.
This project cannot be completed without the hard work
of our team mate and our guide. This project has helped
also with knowledgeable information which are useful and
applicable in future.
Future Scope

Reduces demand on ground water.

Reduction of water bills.

Can be Used for Several Non-drinking Purposes

Reduces water scarcity.

Development of college.
328
3rd International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Engineering Trends, Communication, Optimization and Sciences (EEECOS)-2016
REFERENCE
[3]
[ 1] Ustav R.Patel, Vikrant A. Patel Manjurali I.Balya, Harshad M,
[ 2]
[ 3]
[ 4]
[ 5]
[ 6]
[ 7]
[ 8]
[ 9]
Rajgor “roof top rain water harvesting (RRWH) at SPSV campus
Vsnagur: Gujarat-A Case study .eISSN:2319- 1163/pISSN: 23217308. Vol:3 Issue 4/April 2014.
D.N Pandey, A.K Gupta and D.M Anderson, “Rainwater
harvesting as an adaptation to climate change”, current science,
Vol: 85, no 1, pp46-59, 2003.
“Guidance on the use of rain water tanks” agriculture water
management,vol-5,pp.145-158,1982
H.N.Verma and P.B.S.Sarma,”design of storage tank for water
harvesting
in
rained
areas
”,Agricultural
water
management,Vol:18,pp.195-207,1990
“Hydrology and runoff computation, irrigation engineering &
Hydraulic structure”.
R. N. Athavale, “Water harvesting and sustainable supply in
India,” Centre for Environment Education, Ahmedabad, India,
2003.
C. A. David, “Guidance on the use of rainwater tanks,” National
Environmental Health Forum Monographs Water Series,
Australia, No. 3, 1998.
A. K. Goel and R. Kumar, “Economic analysis of water
harvesting in a mountainous watershed in India,” Agri-cultural
Water Management, Vol. 71, pp. 257–266, 2005.
Sadia Rahman,1 M. T. R. Khan,2 Shatirah Akib,1 Nazli Bin Che
Din,2 S. K. Biswas,3 and S. M. Shirazi4 “Sustainability of
Rainwater Harvesting System in terms of Water Quality” Volume
2014 (2014), Article ID 721357.
Authors:
[1]
Barundeep Rai is a final year Diploma
student, Dept. of Civil Engineering from Centre for
Computer and Communication Technology, Chisopani,
South Sikkim. E mail- barundeep96@gmail.com
[2]
Pradeep Rai is a final year Diploma
student, Dept. of Civil Engineering from Centre for
Computer and Communication Technology Chisopani,
South Sikkim.
E mail- pradeepbantawarai99@gmail.com
[4]
Loomit Lepcha is a final year Diploma
student, Dept. of Civil Engineering from Centre for
Computer and Communication Technology Chisopani,
South Sikkim.
E mail- lepchaloomit@gmail.com
[5]
Tashi Rapden Wangchuk is presently
associated with the Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering at Centre for Computer and
Communication Technology (CCCT-Govt. Polytechnic)
Chisopani, South Sikkim, India as a Senior Lecturer since
2004 till date. Presently, he is the Academic Incharge of
the college.
E mail –tashirapden@gmail.com
Prashika Tamang is presently associated
with the Department of Civil Engineering at Centre for
Computer and Communication Technology (CCCT-Govt.
Polytechnic) Chisopani, South Sikkim, India as a Lecturer
since 2011 till date. Presently, she is the Course Incharge
of Civil Department.
E mail –prashika20@rediffmail.com
329