Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation
National Research Institute
Departament of Agrometeorology
and Applied Informatics
Departament of Soil Science Erosion
and Land Conservation
Jerzy Kozyra, Andrzej Doroszewski, Tomasz Stuczyński, Jan Jadczyszyn, Artur Łopatka, Rafał Pudełko,
Piotr Koza, Anna Nieróbca, Katarzyna Mizak, Magdalena Borzęcka-Walker
Agricultural Drought Monitoring System
ADMS
Including crop specific requirements and soil map for the detection
of areas affected by drought in Poland
Interational Symposium
„Climate change
g and Adaptation
p
Options
p
in Agriculture”
g
Viena, June, 22-23 2009
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation
National Research Institute
1. Department of Agrometeorology and Applied Informatics
2. Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Conservation
3. Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality
4. Department of Ecology and Weed Control
5. Department of Agricultural Microbiology
6. Department of Systems and Economics of Crop Production
7. Department of Soil Tillage and Fertilization
Staff:
23 professors
82 researchers with Ph.D
www.iung.pulawy.pl
8. Department of Forage Crop Production
9. Department of Cereal Crop Production
10 Department of Breeding and Production of Special Plants
10.
11. Department of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization
50 ha
Osiny Experimental Station Grabów Experimental Station Baborówko Experimental Station
Structure of presentation
‰extreme weather events impacts
on the level of yield in Poland
‰indicies and definitions used by
ADMS
‰how ADMS is organised
‰some examples of analysis
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
Annual total precipitation in Europe (1961-1990)
Precipitation
Evapotranspration
soil
crop
p
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
Why do we need to monitor a drought in Poland ?
45
wp/IP
wp
40
mld PLN
35
30
25
20
1950
1960
1970
1980
rok
year
1990
2000
2010
2006
Impact
p
of weather conditions on value of national p
production in Poland
wp – value of national production;
IP – Weather index of winter wheat, rye, potato, sugar beat and hay
Górski, 2008
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
Year
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
Winter
Rye
wheat
Spring
Summer
barley Oats
barley
Potato
Sugar Winter
beet rape
The years of major losses of field crops
in Poland due to unfavourable
weather conditions
LEGEND:
Drought
excessive rainfalls
Low temperaure and long-lasting snow cover
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
Year
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Winter
Rye
wheat
Spring
Summer
Oats
barley
barley
Potato
Sugar Winter
beet rape
The years of major losses of field crops
in Poland due to unfavourable
weather conditions
LEGEND:
Drought
excessive rainfalls
Low temperaure and long-lasting snow cover
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
Similar golobal warming trends
from independent measurements
o
Global Temp
peraturre Chan
nge (oC)
Różnica
a od średniejj temperaturry w latach 1
1961-1990 ( C)
relativve to 1961-19900
1
Normal condition
1961-1990
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
06
-0.6
-0.8
-1
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
AGlobal
AnomalieGl b l
Gl bli l Globalne
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
A
Anomalieli Stacja
St j Puławy
P ł
Puławy Station
1990
2000
2010
S i 3
Serie3
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
ADMS: Drought indicator
In the ADMS, meteorological conditions that are causing
droughts are evaluated by the climatic water balance (CWB).
(CWB)
CWB expresses the difference between the precipitation and
potential evapotranspiration.
evapotranspiration
CWB (mm) = P (mm) – ETP (mm)
CWB – Climatic Water Balance
P – precipitation in given period
ETP – Penman ewapotranspiration in a given period
Evapotranspiration according to the Penman formula:
ETP =∆ Rn + γ Ea
∆+γ
where:
h
Rn – radiation part
Ea – aerodynamic part
∆ - rate pressure of steam saturated in the function pace.
pace
γ – psychrometric stood
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
Climatic water balance from 1 April to 30 September
CWB = P - ETP
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
Definition of drought condition
I ADMS drought
In
d
ht is
i defined
d fi d by
b losses
l
i crop
in
yields caused by the occurrence of climatic
water balance (CWB) ˛in
in the 6 continuing
ten-days period below a defined value for an
individual species or groups of cultivated
plants as well as the soil category in the
period from 1 April to 30 September.
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
ADMS: Reports
13 (1.07 - 30.09)
11 (11.07 - 10.09)
10 (1
(1.01
01 - 31.08)
31 08)
12 (21.07 - 20.09)
August- Sept.
9 (21.06 - 20.08)
8 (11.06 - 10.08)
July- August
7 (1.06 - 31.07)
6 (21.05 - 20.07)
5 (11.05 - 10.07)
June – July
4 (1.05 - 30.06)
3( 21.04 - 20.06)
2 (11.04 - 10.06)
May- June
1 (1.04 - 31.05)
April- May
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
ADMS model of drought
Weather (CWB)
Soil conditions
Crop
p or g
group
p of crops
p
5 seasons
4 categories
14
5
In order to monitor an agricultural drought in
ADMS,, the entire complex
p
of weather,, soil
condition and influence of drought on yield formation are
taken into consideration.
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
ADMS : Soil conditions - 4 categories
I - Very light soil, the soil size fractions group – loose sand - pl
(very susceptible to the drought)
II – Light,
Light the soil size fractions group –
(susceptible to the drought)
III – Medium, the soil size fractions group –
( average susceptible to the drought))
(on
IV – Heavy,the soil size fractions group –
(not very susceptible to the drought)
loose silty sand - plp
slightly
g y loamy
y sand - p
ps
slightly loamy silty sand – psp
light loamy sand - pgl
light loamy silty sand - pglp
heavy loamy sand - pgm
slightly loamy heavy silty sand – pgmp
light clay - gl
light silty loam - glp
clayey dust – płg
very fine sand – płz
sandy
d d
dustt – płp
ł
medium loam –gs
medium silty loam - gsp
heavy loam– gc
heavy silty loam – gcp
silt-loam – płi
clay – i, silty clay - ip
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
ADMS : Soil conditions - 4 categories
Category
g y of soil:
Very light soil
Light soil
Medium soil
Heavy soil
1 20 000
1:20
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
The effects of scale on crop variability
T.Górski, K. Górska/Agricultural Systems 78 (2003) 425-434
425 434
Coefficients of variability
y ((V in %)) of winter wheat y
yield in the y
years 1956-1990 as related
to the area size (a in ha).
From left: field experiment, farms, counties, small and large voivodships in Poland, mean
in Central Europe (The Netherlads, Denmark, FRG, GDR, Poland, Czechoslovakia,
Austria, Hungary )
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
ADMS : CBW indicators for different crops
April to May
For example:
The occurrence of a climatic water balance -162 mm during the period from 1 April to 31 May,
means that the drought threat affected winter and spring cereals on soils that are classified as
category I (very light soils) and spring cereals on soils that are classified as category II (light
soils)
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
ADMS : CBW indicators for different crops
May to June
July - August
June - July
A
August
- September
S
b
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
ADMS : Number of droughts on category I
soil for winter cereals
Number of years
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
ADMS : Data available for monitoring
IUNG-PIB soil moisture
monitoring fields
IUNG-PIB weather stations
IMWM synoptic stations
IMWM rainguage stations
COBORU rainguage stations
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
ADMS : Maps of CBW from 1 June to 1 July , 2008
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
Share of soils affected by drought (2008)
Spring cereals
Winter rape
p
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
ADMS: The system provides information for
y (gmina)
(g
)
individual county’s
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
Share of soils affected by drought with winter
(
)
cereals (1/06/2009)
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
Share of soils affected by drought with winter
(
)
cereals (1/06/2009)
Winter wheat (soil category: I)
Grabów (10.06.2009)
LAI: 3.8
Winter wheat (soil category: I)
Masłowice (15.06.2009)
LAI: 2.1
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND
Thank you for your attention
gp
yp
www.susza.iung.pulawy.pl
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Culvitation – National Research Institute in Pulawy, POLAND