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Personal Introduction
Andrej Ivanco
Assistant Research Professor
Dept. of Automotive Engineering
Vehicle powertrain SYSTEM modeling
Infrastructure
Driving
Vehicle
Component
Component
Vehicle
Driving
Infrastructure
2
Electric Machine Design Optimization
120 [kW]; Nsc:1.75 Dimsc: 1.5 FD: 6.425
1800
9
0
4
1
3
800
1
1000
32
1
1500
2000
2500
Speed [rpm]
5
0.001
500
150kW
0
.032
0.5
0.1
8 9 04611
87 100kW
7
50kW
3 2 4 5 6 1 10kW
3000
3500
89
Simulation Run
EM Map
Generation
Optimization Routine
Value
Function
Evaluation
Optimal
Design
Design
Variable
Modification
Component
0
000..5.0
1 2041
89 93
1
7
7 89
6
5
4
Design
Variables
0.1
0.5
Vehicle
Parameters
9
2
200
Military
Drive Cycle
9
56
8
0.5
400
Optimization Framework
4
3
1
9
9
2
600
0
00..
5100
3241
51
8 67
7
56
9
Torque [Nm]
5
1000
56
98
8
7
6
1200
42
3
2
1
101
1101
117 2 1
.002 0111
.1
8000.5
1 11
1121 1 9
1400
Heat Rejection [kW]
Peak Torque [Nm]
45mph, 5% grade
10mph, 40% grade
2mph, 60% grade
75mph, 0% grade
10
9
13
10
9876543
14
13
1600 1 12
1
Vehicle
Driving
Infrastructure
3
Powertrain System: Evaluation of Advanced Transmissions
• 4,7 and 10 speed transmissions
coupled with engines and
compared under consistent
assumptions
• More gears enable gain in both,
0-60 time and fuel economy
Final Drive Optimization
FTP-75 + HWFET cycle
7sp
good
10sp
Fuel Economy
4sp
Performance
Fuel economy
bad
Acceleration 0-60mph
Trans - Base 4 speed
Relative fuel consumption region [%] of total
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0
Engine Torque
0.5
Conventional
4 speed
100kW
75kW
50kW
1
1.5
Component
Vehicle
2.5
0
3
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
10 speed
75kW
50kW
100kW
75kW
50kW
25kW
15kW
10kW
5kW
25kW
15kW
10kW
5kW
Engine Speed
Driving
3
Conventional
100kW
25kW
15kW
10kW
5kW
Engine Speed
2
7 speed
Engine Torque
0.5
Conventional
Engine Torque
0
Trans - 10 Speed DCT
Relative fuel consumption region [%] of total
Trans - 7 Speed DCT
Relative fuel consumption region [%] of total
Engine Speed
Infrastructure
4
Energy Management Optimization Algorithm
• The main role of the supervisory control is to decide about the power split
between the engine and electric machine for given conditions
EV
Engine only
SOC
All Electric
Generato
r
Split Ratio
SoC [-]
Motor
Conventional
Part of the city driving
Charging
Time [sec]
Component
Vehicle
Driving
Infrastructure
5
Driving patterns & Drive Cycles for EV Studies
• How are people driving?
Trip Distace
100
– One trip vs. Daily distance (battery capacity)
– Time between trips (charging opportunities)
Occurence [%]
• How is the car being used?
– Is fast charging necessary?
– What is the EV range – distance to empty
• Fuel economy benefits
– Generate a representative test cycle
– Adapt the calibration to the driver
50
0
15
150
Velocity (km/h)
100
100
50
0
100
80
10
5
4
5
Cycle duration (minutes)
5
60
2
0
1
# of cycles
40
50
1
15
5
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
20
40
60
Trip distance [mil]
14
0
0
20
40
60
Daily commute [mil]
Energy &
distance
12
10
8
6
4
Cycle duration (minutes)
Vehicle
0
4
3
5
# of cycles
60
0
20
10
2
0
60
2
0
25
3
20
Cycle duration (minutes)
Component
100
4
3
70
Energy expense estimate [kWh]
150
Velocity (km/h)
Velocity (km/h)
150
70
Energy by trip and distance traveled, Mid size sedan assumed
20
Datapoints
18
Global Energy Estimate
Distance Based estimates
16
Examples of naturalistic cycles for medium trips (5~15 km)
Examples of naturalistic cycles for long trips (>15 km)
80
0
Daily drive
90
80
0
Data → Information → Knowledge
Examples of naturalistic cycles for short trips (1~5 km)
One Trip
90
Daily Distance Driven
100
2
0
1
# of cycles
10
20
30
40
Trip Distance [mil]
50
60
Data from CA household travel survey 2001
Driving
Infrastructure
6
EV driving range estimation
Energy expense estimate [kWh]
Energy by trip and distance traveled, Mid size sedan assumed
20
Datapoints
18
Global Energy Estimate
Distance Based estimates
16
Distance
to empty
estimation
14
12
10
Road and Traffic
information joined
8
6
4
Driving style matters
2
0
0
10
20
30
40
Trip Distance [mil]
Component
50
Vehicle
60
Driving
Infrastructure
7
Traffic Flow Reconstruction and Routing
• Transportation Modeling
• Network Routing
• Traffic Allocation
Daytime
Manhattan Traffic Flow Estimation
Component
Vehicle
Driving
Infrastructure
8
Component
System Level Perspective
Vehicle
Driving
Infrastructure
Dr. Andrej IVANCO
Research Assistant Professor
e-mail: aivanco@clemson.edu
P: 864-283-7241 M: 734-757-5637
Thanks to our sponsors!
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Related Journals
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Management
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