GSI
The Global Space Institute
Space & Satellite
Regulatory Colloquium
Future Policy, Legal, and Practical
issues in Global Navigation Satellite
Systems (GNSS)
With
Dr. Scott Madry
Executive Director
madry@gsi-space.org
What is the role of GNSS in the New Space Revolution?
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Satellite Services &
Applications
Voice/Video/Data
Communications
• Rural Telephony
• News Gathering/Distribution
• Internet Trunking
• Corporate VSAT Networks
• Tele-Medicine
• Distance-Learning
• Mobile Telephony
• Videoconferencing
• Business Television
• Broadcast and Cable Relay
• VOIP & Multi-media over IP
Direct-To-Consumer
• Broadband IP
• DTH/DBS Television
• Digital Audio Radio
• Interactive Entertainment
& Games
• Video & Data to hand helds
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GPS/Navigation
• Position Location
• Timing
• Search and Rescue
• Mapping
• Fleet Management
• Security & Database Access
• Emergency Services
Remote Sensing
• Pipeline Monitoring
• Infrastructure Planning
• Forest Fire Prevention
• Urban Planning
• Flood and Storm watches
• Air Pollution Management
Geo spatial Services
• Integrated Recon & Comm
• Web mapping & GIS Services
• 3D Topological displays
Infrastructure / Support Services
Launch Vehicles Ground Equipment Insurance Manufacturing
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Satellites?
• From the Latin satellus: a servant
or attendant, one who serves a
powerful master or Lord
• First named for the moons of the
planets (named for ancient gods)
that seemed to run quickly
around their masters
• An appropriate name for these
orbiting servants of humanity
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Global Navigation
Satellite Systems PNT
• PNT- Positioning, Navigation
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•
•
and Timing
Navstar GPS, Glonass, Galileo,
Compass, IRNSS, etc.
These and follow-on systems
provide precision navigation and
timing for global land, air, sea,
space use
A vital new role for space
applications
The world-wide value chain for
precise positioning GPS goods
and services went from US$3
Billion in 2008 to US$ 100 Billion
by 2019
7 bil GNSS units by 2022
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GNSS
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GSI
A Complex Policy Domain
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• The was once only
•
•
•
the US GPS
Now multiple
overlapping DUAL
USE systems
Complex issues of
national security,
commerce, jobs,
pride, prestige and
more
How does New
Space fit in?
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GNSS Spectrum
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GPS Jamming
• Cheap jammers on
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•
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the internet for
US$50
Illegal in most
countries
Used to defeat fleet
tracking, e-pay on
toll roads, and antitheft systems
Only work for a few
meters
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More Powerful Jammers
• the South Korea Communications
Commission informed lawmakers that
between August 23 and 25, 2010
signals emanating from near the North
Korean city of Kaesong interfered with
South Korean GPS military and civilian
receivers on land and at sea.
• Officials say the jammers were
repeatedly switched on for 10-minute
periods over a number of hours during
the three days.
• Extremely low power, and are only
about 50 x 10-18 W by the time they
reach the surface of the Earth.
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Required Service Use?
• Russia and China
•
have announced
intention to require
use of national
signals and
equipment, EU may
follow
A serious issue with
WTO implications
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Legal and Policy Issues
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• Tracking parolees (+125k),
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dementia patients,
employees, spouses…
U.S. v. Jones, 10-1259 a
2012 unanimous Supreme
Court ruling that police must
get a search warrant before
using GPS to track suspects
A very narrow ruling
Authenticity and accuracy?
Who owns the data?
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Legal and Ethical Issues
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• Personal privacyInvestigatory data
• Who owns data?
• Who can see it? Who
can sell it?
• Who is liable if it is
wrong?
• Do police require
warrants for GNSS
tracking?
• LBS Location Based
Services- opt in or opt
out?
GPS Jammer Locator
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• Vision Statement of the International
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•
Committee on Global Navigation Satellite
Systems (ICG)
The International Committee on Global
Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG) strives to
encourage and facilitate compatibility,
interoperability and transparency between all the
satellite navigation systems, to promote and
protect the use of their open service applications
and thereby benefit the global community.
Our vision is to ensure the best satellite based
positioning, navigation and timing for peaceful
uses for everybody, anywhere, any time.
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ICAO
• The 1998 Charter on the Rights and Obligations of States
Relating to GNSS Services states (in part):
• “2. Every State and aircraft of all States shall have
access, on a non-discriminatory basis under uniform
conditions, to the use of GNSS services, including
regional augmentation systems for aeronautical use
within the area of coverage of such systems…
• 4. Every State providing GNSS services, including
signals, or under whose jurisdiction such services are
provided, shall ensure the continuity, availability,
integrity, accuracy and reliability of such services,
including effective arrangements to minimize the
operational impact of system malfunctions or failure, and
to achieve expeditions service recovery.”
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Thank you!
• GNSS is Dual Use
• Complex national
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security, commercial,
prestige issues
No true commercial
systems in view
NewSpace
applications, not
GNSS signal
providers, will be the
future