Fall Final Exam Review: 100 multiple choice questions; You need to know:
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Anatomical Regions; Quadrants
Compare/contrast anatomy vs physiology
General functions of all body systems
Elements of a control system
Negative and Positive feedback mechanisms; know examples
Anatomical position; orientation and directional terms; cavities; sections/planes (cuts)
Acids and bases; pH
What is an inorganic compound; know examples
All types of reactions (synthesis, decomposition, hydrolysis, neutralization, dehydration)
Functions of proteins
ATP: structure, function, where it’s made & how it’s made when you need a little vs. a lot
Cell junctions
Classification and characteristics of epithelial tissues
Endocrine and exocrine glands
Compare/contrast smooth, cardiac, skeletal muscles tissue
Characteristics of nervous tissue and its supporting cells
Where transitional epithelial tissue can be found
Classification and characteristics of connective tissues
Cartilage; chondrocytes; regeneration; collagen fibers:scar tissue
Vascular vs. avascular
Cell structures that function to provide mobility
Peristalsis
Epithelial and connective tissue membranes: cutaneous, mucous, serous, synovial
Functions of the integumentary system
Structure of the hair
Proteins of the integumentary system: keratin, melanin, carotene, hemoglobin
Glands of the skin: locations and functions
Epidermis: structure (layers) and their order
Dermis: all characteristics and their functions
Composition of nails
ABCD rule
Characteristics of melanoma
Structure/function of the Osteon (Haversian system); know this in great detail
Ossification
Foramen Magnum
All of the bones (from your test diagram); know axial vs. appendicular skeleton too
Articulations; joints
Minerals stored in bones
Hematopoesis
Anatomy of the long bone
Epiphyseal plate vs. line; location; function
Parathyroid hormone and what it does
Function of specific bone markings
All bone cells: “osteo____”
Stages of bone fracture healing
Types of fractures
Fontanels- location/function
Uniqueness of hyoid bone
Unique features of cervical vertebrae; atlas and axis and their unique features
Sternum; structure
Arrangement of the vertebral column
Types and respective movements of each of the synovial joints
Skeletal muscle activity: special functional properties
What makes up a motor unit
How cross bridges are formed
Details of the neuromuscular junction and the synaptic cleft
Interactions of skeletal muscles in the body (antagonists, etc…)
Muscle movements and which muscles can do which movements
Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; know all of the parts down to the myofilaments
The sliding filament theory- what it does, how it works; what is shortening
Neurotransmitters and how they are released; which one causes skeletal muscle contraction
The role of creatine phosphate and how it makes ATP
Why skeletal muscle fatigue occurs
Isometric vs. isotonic contraction
Anaerobic glycolysis: when it occurs and how it makes ATP
What is atrophy