Industrial Revolution
Its effects on Life.
Industrial Revolution
 A shift in the 1700’s – 1900s where people
stopped making goods by hand and began
making goods by machines.
Cottage Industry
 When people produce goods in their homes
for others for a profit.
Steam Engine by James Watt
 A key invention of the
Industrial Revolution was
the steam engine.
 This invention could
provide the power needed
to run many different
machines.
 Used to power the
Steamboat, Trains and
machines in factories.
Robert Fulton’s Steamboat
Made the transportation of
goods and people much
more quicker and cheaper.
The cost to ships goods
went down, and the profits
to farmers and
manufactures go up.
Steamboats replaced the
transporation of goods by
canal obsolete.
The Railroads
This image
shows the
railroad network
in the United
State in 1870.
What do you
notice about the
railroad
network?
What does this
reveal about the
nation in the
late 1800s?
Throughout the 1800’s the United States began to lay railroads across the
nation. This network of railroads helped to link different regions of the
nation together. This allowed to ship goods and people greater distances
more quickly.
The Powered Loom – Edmund
Cartwright
The power loom was
used to produce
textiles (clothing).
The loom wove
thread into fabric.
This machine made
the productions of
textiles highly
profitable.
The Industrial Revolution Comes to
America
Samuel Slater He stole the idea of the
powered loom from Cartwright. He built
the first successful textile mill in
America.
Francis Cabot Lowell took the
technology brought by Slater and built a
factory in Massachusetts that not only
spun cotton into yarn, but also wove it into
cloth. The mill was so successful a town
sprung up around it. The town of Lowell,
MA still exists today.
Lowell’s Mill
 Was built next to a river to
use the river’s flow of
water to power the
factories’ machines
(hydraulic power)
 It employed primarily
young farm girls to work in
his factories.
 They worked a 12 ½ hour
workday.
 They were paid very well
for their work, they earned
$2 - $4 dollars a week.
Factors that led to the
Industrialization of New England
 The region had many free flowing rivers to
power early American factories.
 The shift to manufacturing was easier due to
the poor farming conditions.
 The region had many large seaports to bring
in raw materials and ship out manufactured
goods.
 There were many wealthy investors in the
region willing to take a risk on manufacturing.
Eli Whitney and the Industrial
Revolution
 Interchangeable
Parts/Assembly Line
 He made innovations
in manufacturing.
Goods were made
using identical parts.
 People would assem
 This allowed for
goods to be
produced much
quicker and cheaper.
Eli Whitney
 Invented the Cotton Gin ,short for
“engine”
Makes the cleaning of cotton much easier than by hand.
Southern plantation owners were able to produce more
cotton to be sold to European textile manufacturers.
This helped create a high demand for cotton in turn this
led to a demand for more slaver labor.
Iron Furnace
 The Iron furnace
was an improvement
in the production of
Iron.
 This made the
production of Iron
more cost efficient.
 The iron produced
could be used to
build structures that
were stronger and
lasted longer.
Bessemer Steel Process & it’s
Significance
 Henry Bessemer created a
method to make steel from Iron
ore.
 Steel created in the method
was very strong and suited the
need of Railroad corporation
which used steel beams to build
railroad tracks.
 In addition with out Bessemer
steel, skyscrapers, like the ones
in New York and other Major
cities, could not be built
Samuel Morse’s Telegraph
The telegraph uses an electoral
signal to send messages.
The telegraph was more efficient
at delivering messages quicker
than any other method at the time.
Samuel Morse developed a
special code, a.k.a Morse code, to
transmit messages.
This is the 1st telecommunication
device and it only sent text
messages.
Cyrus McCormick
 Invented the McCormick
reaper
 What it does?
It allows a farmer to more quickly harvest
their crops.
 Why it is important.
It helped to increase the agricultural productivity
of farmers. More food was produced which
meant more people could be fed and at
cheaper cost.
Other notable Inventors and Inventions
Alexander
Graham Bell
Telephone
Thomas
Edison
Incandescent
Light Bulb,
Phonograph
Elias Howe/
Isaac Singer
Sewing Machine
The effects of the Industrial
Revolution
 Increased the productivity of farmers, food could be
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produced more cheaply, and in greater quantities.
Factories attracted many people to move from the
country side to cities.
Cities grew in population as more people moved to
take jobs in factories. As cities grew so did problems
(overcrowding and pollution).
Goods were produced much more quickly and
efficiently, and were more affordable to the average
worker. The quality of life improved for many.
Manufacturers changed the way they marketed
goods to people. People’s quality of life increased as
more luxury goods were available to them.