January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
MAC Enhancements for Media
Independent RF Management of
Wireless 802 Networks
A Contribution
Contribution
Slide 1
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
Overview
• Summary of desired Interface Objects
• Listing of what’s currently available in the different MACs
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802.11 (WLAN/WiFi)
802.15.1 (Bluetooth® v1.1)
802.15.3 (HR-WPAN)
802.15.4 (LR-WPAN)
802.16 (WMAN/BBWA/WirelessMAN®)
802.20 (MBWA)
802.22 (WRAN)
• Listing of what to request from various MACs
• Conclusions
Contribution
Slide 2
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
What Objects Desired
Other devices you
may consider connecting to
Me
Contribution
Slide 3
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
What Objects Desired (going up)
• List of “Known Resources” with the following
parameters:
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Contribution
Technology Type
Address
Operating Channel
Link Quality
Data Rate
Network Name
Predilection
Load Factor
Slide 4
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
What Objects Desired (going down)
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Connect (resource)
Set Operating Channel
Set Transmit Power Level
Set Network Name
Contribution
Slide 5
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
Technology Type
• Enumeration identifying technology type (scheme) rather
than specific 802 MAC standard
• Multiplex Access Scheme: Time Division (TD), Code
Division (CD), Frequency Hopper (FH), Frequency Chirp
(UWB-Cp), Impulse (UWB-multiple)
• Channel Access Scheme: Single Channel Simplex
(802.11a/g), Dual Channel Duplex (most 802.16 and all
cell phones)
• Antenna Access Scheme: Non-polarized (vertical and
horizontal, 802.11a/g), Polarized (either vertical,
horizontal, or circular, some 802.16), Multi Antenna
Array/Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) (802.11n,
some 802.16)
Contribution
Slide 6
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
Address
• Identifier that specifies the particular
instance of wireless node
• May not be IEEE Std 802-2001 48-bit
universal MAC address
Contribution
Slide 7
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
Operating Channel
• A data structure that defines the:
– Center frequency (in MHz)
– Width of band (in MHz)
– “Channel Number” (Just a human readable
label)
• Assumes that a “channel” is contiguous
• “Frequency hoppers” hop within a band, the
band is the “channel”
Contribution
Slide 8
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
Received Link Quality
• Gauge of quality of wireless connection
• Should be in mW or dBm
• Avoid “levels” or units (e.g. dB) that aren’t
quantified
Contribution
Slide 9
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
Data Rate
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Indication of data throughput capability
Probable units of Kbps
Could be separated into TX and RX
Could be either or both supported vs. actual
Contribution
Slide 10
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
Network Name
• Human readable string representing a
collection of wireless nodes
• May be used to select specific collection for
connectivity
Contribution
Slide 11
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
Predilection
• Benevolent_Dictator/Willing_Follower
• Benevolent_Dictator – offers connectivity
to one or more Benevolent_Dictators and
Willing Followers
• Willing_Follower – may only connect to a
Benevolent Dictator
• Mesh or ad-hoc nodes may be considered
Benevolent Dictators
Contribution
Slide 12
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
Load Factor
• Sum of the inverse of the potential data
rates of connected resources
• Must include some definition of
“unsupported”
Contribution
Slide 13
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
Connect (resource)
• Initiate connection with desired device
• Modeled above MAC-specific handshaking
(e.g. authentication, association, etc)
Contribution
Slide 14
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
Transmit Power Level
• May be increased for reach or reduced to
promote channel re-use
• Ideally should be lowest value supporting
desired data rate
• Should be in mW or dBm
• Avoid “levels” or units (e.g. dB) that aren’t
quantified
Contribution
Slide 15
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
802.11 (WLAN)
• Address – 48-bit IEEE 802 address
• Operating Channel – 2.4GHz and 5GHz
• Link Quality – Unsigned 8-bit vendor-specific
RSSI (received signal strength indication) in dB
• Data Rate – Lowest std data rate is 1Mbps
• Network Name – 32 char service set identifier
(SSID)
• Predilection – Access Point / Station
• Load Factor – P802.11e/D12.0, Nov. 2004 defines
load element
Contribution
Slide 16
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
802.15.1 (Bluetooth® v1.1)
• Address – 48-bit IEEE 802 address
• Operating Channel – Frequency hop in unlicensed
2.4GHz ISM band
• Link Quality – Signed 8-bit RSSI in dB
• Data Rate – Unidirectional max of 732.2Kbps,
bidirectional 64Kbps channel for voice
• Network Name – User-friendly name: max 248
bytes encoded to UTF-8 std
• Predilection – Ad-hoc (pico-net), Master / Slave
• Load Factor – None
Contribution
Slide 17
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
802.15.3 (HR-WPAN)
• Address – 64-bit IEEE 802 address
• Operating Channel – 2.4-2.4835GHz band
• Link Quality –8-bit RSSI in 8 steps of 8 dB with ± 4 dB
step accuracy and link quality indication as 5-bit SNR
estimation from 6 dB to 21.5 dB of SNR
• Data Rate – 11-55Mbps
• Network Name – Beacon Source Identifier (BSID): 6-32
character text string
• Predilection – Piconet Coordinator (PNC)/Device
• Load Factor – None
Contribution
Slide 18
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
802.15.4 (LR-WPAN)
• Address – 16-bit short or 64-bit extended
• Operating Channel – 16 channels in 2.450GHz band, 10
channels in 915MHz band, 1 channel in 868MHz band
• Link Quality – 8-bit link quality indication (LQI),
0 – lowest quality, 255 – highest quality
• Data Rate – 250Kbps, 40Kbps, 20Kbps
• Network Name – None
• Predilection – Full Function Device/Reduced Function
Device
• Load Factor – None
Contribution
Slide 19
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
802.16 (WMAN)
• Address – 48-bit IEEE 802 address
• Operating Channel – 10-66GHz and
licensed/licensed-exempt below 11GHz
• Link Quality – Vendor-specific RSSI in mW
• Data Rate – 10-66GHz licensed bands has raw
data rate of > 120Mbps
• Network Name – Service Class Name: Nullterminated string of 2-128 ASCII characters
• Predilection – Base station / Subscriber station
• Load Factor – None
Contribution
Slide 20
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
802.20 (MBWA)
• Address – ?
• Operating Channel – Licensed frequency bands
below 3.5GHz
• Link Quality – ?
• Data Rate – Peak data rates > 1Mbps
• Network Name – ?
• Predilection – Base station/Mobile station
• Load Factor – ?
Contribution
Slide 21
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
802.22 (WRAN)
• Address – ?
• Operating Channel – Spectrum currently allocated
to VHF/UHF TV broadcast service (54-862MHz)
• Link Quality – ?
• Data Rate – ?
• Network Name – ?
• Predilection – Base station / Subscriber station?
• Load Factor – ?
Contribution
Slide 22
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
What we ask for
• Mapping of disparate “link quality” levels
to a common unit (like dBm)
• Mapping of disparate “load factor” values
to a common unit
Contribution
Slide 23
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes
January 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.1-05/xxxr0
Conclusion
• This is doable
• Need mapping for some stuff
• Need definition of “not supported” for
others
• See related tutorial at
http://www.ieee802.org/1/files/public/docs2004/new-backes-montemurrotutorial-1104.ppt
Contribution
Slide 24
Larry Stefani, Floyd Backes