Social Behavior
 Members
of the same species
 Usually live full-time in groups
 Can refer to predator-prey
interactions
Group Living
society – stable group of
individuals of the same species
that have cooperative
relationships outside of mating
and raising young.
 Invertebrates and vertebrates
 Animal
Advantages to Group Life
 Protection
from predators
 Increase feeding efficiency
 Protection from elements
 Easy access to potential mates
Mating
Behavior
Disadvantages of Group
Life
 Competition
 Diseases
 Parasites
for resources
Aggression
 Agonistic
behavior
 Attacks
 Threat
displays
 Maintains territory
 Maintains dominance hierarchy
Altruism
 Individual
sacrifices reproductive
potential for the benefit of others
in the group
– Honeybees
– Turkeys
– Naked
 Kin
mole rats
selection