APWH: CHAPTERS 1-3 EXAM REVIEW
Foundations Era (c9000 BCE – c1000 BCE):
 Characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies
 Neolithic Revolution – when & where it began/what it was/outcomes on human societies
 How did food surplus lead to more complex human societies
 Changes in gender relations as a result of the Neolithic Revolution
 Many historians argue that a civilization is a human society that practices sedentary agriculture
 Identify earliest river valley civilizations/regional locations of each
o Mesopotamia – political structure/religion/innovations
o Egypt – political structures/religion/innovations
o Indus (Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro) – likely causes of collapse
o Huang He (Yellow R.) – Shang dynasty – political structures/religion
 Writing systems – earliest forms/how writing systems impacted civilizations
 Phoenicians – Who were they/location/cultural impact on the Mediterranean world
 Judaism – features of religion/followers of Judaism = Jews/Hebrews/Israelites + homeland?
o later religions had origins in Judaism (Christianity in Classical Era & Islam in Post-Classical Era)
Classical China (1000 BCE – 600 CE):
 found in which region?
 Classical dynasties: Zhou, Qin, Han
 Explain concepts: Middle Kingdom, Chinese dynastic cycle, Mandate of Heaven/Son of Heaven
 Compare/Contrast political structures for Zhou, Qin, Han
 Functions of government for Qin & Han
 Explain philosophical ideas of: Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism
 Accomplishments & precedents set by Qin Shi Huangdi
 Han’s Confucian social hierarchy: classes, social mobility, reasons behind class rankings
 Peasant conscript labor + roles performed
 Describe Chinese patriarchal family structure
 Innovations/inventions + impacts on Chinese society
 International trade participation: exports/imports, trade connections, civilizations traded with, balance of
trade?
 Cultural diffusion to Classical China
Classical India (1000 BCE – 600 CE):
 found in which region?
 Indo-European (Aryan) invasions’ impacts on India
 Explain religious & philosophical ideas of: Hinduism & Buddhism
 Hindu caste system – how it operates, caste ranks, social mobility?, rules of behavior for Indians?
 Which Indians would have been most attracted to Buddhism’s rejection of the caste system?
 Reasons for India’s habitual political fragmentation (regionalism)?
 2 empires/dynasties: Maurya & Gupta
 Compare/Contrast political structures for Maurya & Gupta
 Functions of government for Maurya & Gupta
 Achievements of Maurya emperors: Chandragupta & Ashoka
 Innovations/inventions
 International trade participation: exports/imports, trade connections, civilizations traded with, balance of
trade?
 Features of Indian art
 Examples of cultural diffusion from India to surrounding regions/civilizations?
You will be asked to analyze Classical China and Classical India
by comparing & contrasting features of these two centers of civilization!