Name: ____________________________ Date: ____________________
Per: ___________
The Last Dynasty: Rise and Fall of the Qing Empire in China
AP World History II
Where were we?
• Ming Dynasty rules from _______________________
• Ming Dynasty
• During the decline of the Ming, ______________ tribes to the north were organizing into what is known as the
______________ banner armies under _____________ (1559-1626)
Ming Collapse
• Nurhaci declares himself __________ (khan) in 1616 of the Jurchen and the founder of a new ______________
• Nurhaci’s forces did not take down the ___________ government, but continual harassment along the Great Wall
border leads to __________________.
• Also, China looks for Jurchen support in safeguarding ________________ border
The Manchus
• In 1635 Abahai (Nurhaci’s 8th son) renames the Jurchen tribes __________________ to give them a fresh
start…free of previous Chinese involvements
– Also in 1636, declares a new dynasty, the QING, meaning “__________.”
• Manchu’s advance on ________________ after being asked to settle a rebellion near the ____________ wall.
Qing China: Rule of Foreigners
• While Mongols (___________ Dynasty) completely took over all aspect of government from 1280-1365, the
Manchus leave much of the _______________ government in place.
• Manchus make up less than ________% of population
Early Manchu rule
• Writings of Zhu Xi continue to dominate _________________ thinking
– Respect for _____________
– Extended _______________ remains the core unit of social order
– Women’s lives remain centered on the __________________
• Taxes and state labor demands were __________________.
• __________________ Improvements
Early Economic Stability
• Qing China enjoys century and a half of ___________________ and prosperity.
• The state and merchant classes ______________ from successful tea trade.
• European and other foreign traders frequent _______________, and contribute to the rise of “compradors,”
wealthy ___________________
Signs of Decline (late 18th century)
• Exam system becomes riddled with __________________ and favoritism.
• Merchants and ________________ educated begin to take hold of the ___________________.
– They lack the traditional ___________________ education which stresses the importance of educated ruling
classes that have an __________________ to serve the people.
• State money gets __________________ from state projects to go to enrich individual government families
Qing Decline
• Shandong Peninsula
– Huang He River dikes failed, leaving millions of peasants without _______________, or land
– Hundreds of thousands die as a result of _____________.
• Food ______________-• ______________________
• Many Chinese left their futures to the _____________ cycle…as in, if the dynasty is in decline, it will be replaced.
– But, this was a different world by the late _____________________!
From the South…
• Manchu rulers treat the Europeans like the ____________ who they see as __________________
– European civilization is equal to that of China
– European civilization is ____________, but were better organized and had superior ______________
Unfavorable Trade
• Chinese were unwilling to accept British __________________ goods or raw materials in exchange for trade of
silks, porcelains, teas, etc. that they were trading from the Chinese Empire.
– Forced the British to trade in silver ___________________
– Until, they begun to engage in the trade of _________________ (from ______________)
Opium Trade
• Britain ________________ the unfavorable terms of trade and begins to trade Opium with _________.
• Chinese soon realize that the Opium trade was a major threat to their ____________ order.
• Chinese _________________ balance of trade was reversed
• By 1838 1% of 400 million were ________________
• Opium dens spread at an alarming rate
• Government officials were __________________
Attempting to halt the Opium Trade
• Late 1830’s-Emperor sent Lin Zexu (famous for his incorruptibility) to stop the _______________ Opium trade.
• Lin ordered the European trading areas in Canton to be _________________, warehouses
___________________, and opium ______________________ and destroyed.
• European merchants demand __________________ arguing that Lin’s measures violate principles of free trade
• Lin persists and war breaks out in 1839
The Opium War
• China is beaten at __________________, then on land.
• Qing emperor must sign peace treaty in __________________
• Allows Britain to open free trade, and opens _______________ Kong as center of British commerce
Taiping Rebellion
• Defeat in _________________ War and gradual incursions of western powers in the South continued to decay
the Qing Dynasty.
• Taiping Rebellion: _________________ offered sweeping programs of social reform, land distribution, and
__________________ of women
– Attacked traditional ____________________ elite
Taiping Rebellion and Response
• Dynamic, and responsible Qing leaders who were being discredited by the Taiping Rebellion launched the
________________-____________________ movement.
– Aimed at countering the challenge from the ______________.
– Encouraged western investment in ____________________ and factories.
– Was able to bring down the Taiping ______________________
Qing Stubbornness
• Loss in war with Japan ___________-1895 (First Sino-Japanese War)
• Manchu leaders stubbornly resist __________________ that would help save regime.
• Empress _______________: ultraconservative who executes leaders of reform.
– Defies _________________ powers
Boxer Rebellion
• Secret Chinese Society (Society of _____________________ and Harmony) whose main goals was the
eradication of all foreigners from China, known to the west as, the ________________.
• Boxers attacked foreign settlements beginning in __________________.
• Foreign governments sent in military to quell revolt.
– Cixi orders the death of all ________________________
– By 1901 though, the imperialist powers of the west defeated the Boxer Uprising and forced a peace treaty to
be signed.
Boxer Uprising
• Failed Boxer _____________________ leads to an even greater control over China’s internal affairs from the
Western ___________________ powers.
The Fall of the Qing
• The new resistance movements of the early 20th century were organized by secret societies with
__________________ __________________ males as their membership.
• Resistance was aimed at not just ridding China of the _______________________, but of power passing to a
new, strong nation-state modeled from the _________________.
The Fall of the Qing
• Sun Yat-sen was an aspiring ___________________ who saw seizing power as a way to enact desperately
needed social programs to relieve misery of __________________ and urban workers
The New Revolutionary Spirit
• Revolutionaries were from rising _________________ class
– Hostile to the involvement of _________________ powers in Chinese affairs
– Hostile to the ____________________ for their failure to control the foreigners.
• Small movements grew such that in _________________ an uprising against foreign loans for railway projects
led to mutiny on the part of imperial troops.
– Provincial officials refuse to put down the _______________________.
1911-1912
• Young Emperor _______________, the last _____________, was deposed and the Manchus abdicated by
____________.
• The 1911 Revolution brought about a _____________________ form of government in China