Cold War HW Quiz
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1. What was the name given to Satellite Nations and
East Germany (because they created a barrier
between democratic and communist nations)?
2. What strategy was used to make European
nations more stable and less likely to fall to
communism?
3. By what method was Truman able to extend
Marshall Plan aid to West Berlin?
4. What did MacArthur want to do, but Truman
refused to do?
5. What policy said that communism could not
spread?
Bonus (10 points): Who led the Universal Negro
Improvement Association and the “back to Africa”
movement?
The Cold War and
American Society
Goal 11
Essential Idea
 The fear of communism (Second Red
Scare) had a profound effect on America.
The Second Red Scare
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Fear of Communists
Returns:
Second Red Scare – a
time of intense fear of
communists that occurred
after World War II
HUAC
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HUAC
House Un-American
Activities
Committee, set up
by Congress
HUAC investigated
communists and the
film industry
Film industry
members who were
suspicious or did not
help HUAC were
placed on blacklists
McCarthy/Hollywood
Taft-Hartley Act and the
CIA
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Taft-Hartley Act –
required union leaders to
take oaths promising they
were not communist
National Security Act –
created the CIA, which
investigated communists
(and other “un-American
activities”)
Soviets Make a Bomb
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BOOM!
How did they know
HOW to make a
bomb??
Spies had infiltrated
the Manhattan
Project!
Red Scare Activity
Alger Hiss
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Alger Hiss:
Hiss was a former
diplomat who helped FDR
and attended the Yalta
Conference
He was convicted for
perjury after he lied to
HUAC about being a
communist spy (he
couldn’t be convicted for
spying because the
statute of limitations had
run out)
Hiss confirmed fears that
even government officials
could be communists
The Rosenbergs
 The Rosenbergs:
 This Jewish couple
was accused of
spying for
communists
 Both were convicted
and executed
Rosenbergs Convicted
 Many people said they
were convicted as a result
of hysteria and nativism
Joseph McCarthy
 Consequences of the
Second Red Scare:
 Americans became
paranoid about the
presence of
communists
 This hysteria allowed
Senator Joseph
McCarthy to rise to
power
McCarthyism
 Rise of Joseph
McCarthy:
 After Hiss’ conviction,
McCarthy announced
that he had a list of
205 communists who
were working within
the government
McCarthyism
 McCarthy’s claim sparked
a witch hunt for
communists
 Accusations were often
based on vague or false
evidence (McCarthy never
produced the list)
 Who is the man in the
picture?
 What is he holding?
 What has the public
started to think about
Senator McCarthy?
McCarthyism
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People were quick to
believe McCarthy because
they were afraid
McCarthy’s Downfall
 The public realized McCarthy was out of hand when he started
accusing military officials
 On television, McCarthy bullied officers until one asked “have
you no sense of decency?”
 The public agreed, and McCarthy’s power went in to decline
Life during the Cold War
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The Drill:
“Duck and Cover”
What it was:
School drills used to
practice for atomic
bomb attacks
 Duck & Cover Film
Fallout Shelters
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The Shelter:
Fallout Shelters
What it was:
Shelters people built
to protect against
atomic bombs and
radiation
The Fair Deal
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Truman’s Domestic Program:
The Fair Deal (similar to FDR’s New
Deal)
Successes:
Raised the minimum wage
Increased social security benefits
Authorized the construction of low
income housing
Shortcomings of the Fair
Deal
 Failures:
 Failed to create
national health
insurance
 Failed to give federal
aid to schools
 Did not enact Civil
Rights legislation
Eisenhower Elected
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Election of 1952:
Dwight Eisenhower
(nicknamed “Ike”), a
hero from World War
II, won the election
of 1952
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Need for Roads
Cars and Society:
Because of the economic boom, more people drove cars than
ever
Federal Highway Act:
Authorized the construction of the interstate highway system
The Eisenhower Doctrine
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The Truman Doctrine:
Don’t let communism
spread to Greece and
Turkey!
The Eisenhower Doctrine:
Don’t let communism
spread to the Middle East!
What is in common?
Don’t let communism
spread!
Growth of Television
Art form:
Television
How it changed in the
1950s:
After World War II,
almost every home
had a TV
Popular shows:
I Love Lucy and
Gunsmoke
Rock ‘n’ Roll
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Art Form:
Music
How it changed in the 1950s:
Rock ‘n’ Roll, whose “king” was Elvis Presley
The “British Invasion”, a.k.a. The Beatles
Generation Gap
Teenagers loved the new music, but most parents did
not
Generation Gap – means that parents and children
were culturally separate
Competing Cultures
 The Culture: Conformity
 Fear of communism
made many people
afraid to be different
(might look suspicious!)
 Many people started to
act similar
The Beatniks
 The Culture:
Counterculture
 Many people thought that
the 1950s culture was
shallow
 Beatniks – young artists
who went against
mainstream culture
(basically, early hippies)