SOL REVIEW
African-American
History
What group did
Europeans force to
come to the Americas?
•Africans
What trade pattern brought
African-Americans to the
English colonies?
The Triangular
Trade
What was the name of
the forced voyage of
African slaves from their
homes to the New World?
The Middle
Passage
According to the SOLs,
what were the 3 points in
the Triangular Trade?
•New England colonies
•the West Indies
•Africa
What was the
three-fifths
compromise?
•A compromise between the
northern states and the
southern states at the
Constitutional Convention.
•Slaves would count as 3/5
of a person in figuring the
slave states’ population for
representation in the House
of Representatives.
Define
abolitionists.
• People who wanted to
abolish (end) slavery
immediately
Who was one of the
most important
abolitionist leaders?
•William Lloyd
Garrison
What was the name of
the antislavery
newspaper in Boston?
•The Liberator
Who wrote Uncle
Tom’s Cabin?
•Harriet Beecher
Stowe
Describe Uncle
Tom’s Cabin.
• An antislavery novel
• Told the cruelties of
slavery
Who was Gabriel
Prosser?
• African-American slave
• Planned a slave revolt in
Richmond, Va.
• Revolt crushed by Va.
militia
• Prosser and 35 slaves
were executed
Who was Nat
Turner?
• An African-American slave
• Led a slave revolt in
Southampton County, Va.
• Killed 55 whites
• 100+ blacks were killed
• Turner was captured and
executed
What was the
Supreme Court’s
decision in the
Dred Scott case?
• Since Dred Scott was a slave, he
could not sue in federal court
• African-Americans were not
citizens of the United States
• Since Congress had no power to
prohibit slavery in the
territories, the Missouri
Compromise was
unconstitutional
What did the Dred Scott
decision say about the
Missouri Compromise?
• The Missouri Compromise
was unconstitutional.
In Dred Scott v. Sandford
did the Supreme Court
rule that Scott should
remain a slave or gain his
freedom?
•Remain a slave
Identify
Frederick
Douglass.
• Former African-American
slave
• Important black abolitionist
• Encouraged President
Lincoln to recruit former
slaves to fight in the Union
army
What did the
Emancipation
Proclamation do?
• Freed all slaves who lived
in states still in rebellion
on Jan. 1, 1863
Identify the 13th
Amendment.
•Freed the Slaves
Identify 14th
Amendment.
• Granted citizenship to
African-Americans
• Forbid the states from
denying any American “equal
protection of the laws”
Identify the 15th
Amendment.
• Gave AfricanAmerican males the
right to vote
What are the key words to
remember the Reconstruction
Amendments?
• 13th = Freedom
• 14th = Citizenship
• 15th = Vote
What was the “Jim Crow
Era”?
• The period (late 1800s to mid1960s) when the Southern
states required racial
segregation in public schools,
transportation and other
public facilities.
For what is “Jim
Crow” a synonym?
• Racial Segregation
What political rights did
African-Americans lose during
the “Jim Crow Era”?
• The right to vote
• The right to serve on
juries
Define racial segregation.
• Separation of the races
• In the South, separation
of blacks and whites
• What type of education did
Booker T. Washington
advocate (call for/support)
for African-Americans?
• Vocational education
• How did the Supreme Court
rule in 1896 in the case of
Plessy v. Ferguson?
• Racial segregation was
constitutional (legal).
• What doctrine was
established by the Supreme
Court’s decision in Plessy v.
Ferguson?
• The “Separate But Equal”
Doctrine
• What does racial
segregation mean?
• Separation of the races
• For what does NAACP
stand?
• National Association
for the Advancement of
Colored People
• What were three ideas in
Booker T. Washington’s
philosophy for the advancement
of African-Americans?
• 1) Vocational Education; 2)
Self-Help; 3) Economic Success
• What were W.E.B. DuBois’
ideas for the advancement of
African-Americans?
• Legal Rights and Political
Equality for AfricanAmericans NOW!
Identify the Plessy v.
Ferguson decision.
• “Separate but equal”
facilities were
constitutional
• Racial segregation was
legal
For what 2 things did
the NAACP work?
• End legal segregation in the
South
• Gain the right to vote for
African-Americans in the
South
Who was an early
leader of the NAACP?
•W.E.B. DuBois
What Supreme Court
decision set forth the
“separate but equal”
doctrine?
•Plessy v. Ferguson
What was the 1954 Supreme
Court decision in the Brown v.
Board of Education decision?
• Supreme Court declared
racial segregation in public
schools unconstitutional
What was the
constitutional basis of the
Brown decision?
• Racial segregation violated
the “equal protection”
clause of the 14th
Amendment
What event made Rosa
Parks famous?
• The Montgomery Bus
Boycott
What was the goal of the
1963 March on Washington
•Gain passage of
major civil rights
laws by Congress
Who gave the “I have a
dream” speech at the
March on Washington?
• Dr. Martin Luther
King, Jr.
For what method of
protest was Dr. King
known?
• Non-violent, mass
protest
Identify the 1964
Civil Rights Act.
• Outlawed racial, religious, and
sex discrimination in public
places and by employers
• Gave the federal government
more power to enforce all civil
rights laws
Identify the 1965 Voting
Rights Act.
• Outlawed literacy tests as a
voting requirement
• Sent federal registrars to
the South to register black
voters
What was a literacy
test?
• Person had to prove
he could read and
write in order to vote
Why did the Southern
states require literacy
tests?
• To keep AfricanAmericans from voting