UNIT 1 Study Guide
Answer Key
Energy From Stars
#1 Nuclear fission = nuclei splitting, used
in nuclear power plants
Nuclear fusion = nuclei combining, used in
stars to make energy
#2 Nuclear fusion
Energy From Stars
#3 conduction from the core, convection to the
surface, radiation out into space
#4 radio, microwave, IR, visible, UV, xray,
gamma
#5 some radio, some IR, some UV, all visible
#6 gravity and pressure
Plate Tectonics, Rock Cycle, E & V
#1 label the rock cycle
#2 core of the Earth, the Sun
#3 core, mantle, crust; density of the materials
#4 Alfred Wegener
Plate Tectonics, Rock Cycle, E & V
#5 jigsaw puzzle, fossil record, rock
formations; Pangaea
#6 mantle convection
#7 divergent; convergent
Plate Tectonics, Rock Cycle, E & V
#8 convergent – plates move together;
mountains, island arcs, trenches; destroy crust
Divergent – plates move apart; rift valleys,
shallow seas, mid-ocean ridges; create crust
Transform – plates slide past each other; long
faults, shallow earthquakes; conserve crust
Plate Tectonics, Rock Cycle, E & V
#9 focus = place inside the Earth where an
earthquake occurs;
epicenter = place on the surface over the focus
#10 normal = divergent
Reverse = convergent
Slip-strike = transform
Plate Tectonics, Rock Cycle, E & V
#11 p waves – 1st to arrive, push-pull through
the Earth
s waves – 2nd to arrive; shake up and down
through the Earth
Surface – last to arrive; move along the surface
of the Earth, most destructive
Plate Tectonics, Rock Cycle, E & V
#12 waves are measured from at least three
seismic stations, a time distance graph is used to
triangulate the location
#13 by intensity (amount of
shaking/destruction at an area) and magnitude
(amount of energy released at the focus)
Plate Tectonics, Rock Cycle, E & V
#14 tsunamis, fires, landslides, seismic
vibrations
#15 magma composition, magma temperature,
amount of dissolved gases, magma viscosity
Plate Tectonics, Rock Cycle, E & V
#16 divergent boundaries = shield volcanoes
with cinder cones along the edges
Convergent bondaries = composite cones
Predicting Earthquakes & Volcanoes
#1 False
#2 at any place where tectonic plates meet;
most earthquakes and volcanoes are found
along the edge of the Pacific Ocean aka the Ring
of Fire
Weathering, Erosion and Soil
#1 mechanical weathering = rock composition
stays the same no matter how small the piece of
rock; frost wedging
Chemical weathering = rock composition
CHANGES from one form to another; water
dissolving limestone
Weathering, Erosion and Soil
#2 rock characteristics, climate, differential
weathering
#3 mineral matter, organic matter, water, air
#4 parent material, topography, climate,
organisms, time
Weathering, Erosion and Soil
#5 topography – steep land = little soil;
flat land = a lot of soil
Climate – cool, dry, little vegetation =
mostly mechanical weathering; warm,
wet, lots of vegetation = mostly chemical
weathering (faster process)
Weathering, Erosion and Soil
#6 O = top layer with leaves, grass, etc.
A = topsoil; most fertile layer
B = subsoil; some organic matter found here
C = broken up parent material
R = bedrock; solid parent material
#7 True
#8 False
Mass Movement & Geohazards
#1 triggers = water, over-steepened slopes,
removal of vegetation, earthquakes
Types = rockfalls, slides, slumps, creep, flows
#2 landslides, mudslides, avalanches, falling
rock, volcanoes, earthquakes, floods
#3 levees, dams, wire netting, breaks, special
building codes