CHAPTER 24
WORLD WAR II LOOMS
How did the end of World War I
impact the 1930’s?
• Treaty of Versailles
caused anger and
resentment.
• People looked to
totalitarian leaders to
solver their problems
in Germany, Italy,
Spain, and Japan.
Who was Joseph Stalin?
• Took control of the Soviet
Union in 1924 after
Lenin’s death.
• Wanted to make the USSR
an industrial power.
• Responsible for killing 8
to 13 million of his won
people. (Great Purge)
• Totalitarian- No rights
and suppressed
opposition.
Who was Benito Mussolini?
• Dictator of Italy in the
1920’s and 1930’s.
• Known as Il Duce (The
Leader)
• Fascism- stressed
nationalism and placed
interests of the state above
those of individuals.
• Black Shirts-secret police
• Crushed all opposition
What was going on in Germany?
• Hitler wrote a book called
Mein Kampf (My
Struggle)
• Nazism- German fascism,
dream of uniting all
Germanic peoples (Aryan
race)
• National expansion
(lebensraum- living space)
• Hitler takes advantage of
the Depression and
becomes Germany’s new
leader.
What was going on in Japan?
• Wanted to expand to
gain natural resources
and territory.
• Invaded area of
Manchuria.
• Militaristic nation
• Felt they were a
superior race.
Who was Francisco Franco?
• Led Spanish Civil War
in the 1930s.
• Supported by both
Hitler and Mussolini.
• Became Spain’s fascist
dictator.
What was the Kellogg Briand
Pact?
• Passed in 1928.
• Signed by 62 countries
and declared that war
would never be used.
• Small step toward
peace.
What was the Good Neighbor
Policy?
• Passed in 1933 by
FDR.
• Nonintervention in
Latin America and
withdrew armed
forces.
• Trade agreements with
other nations.
What were the Neutrality Acts of
1937?
• Outlawed arms sales
or loans to nations at
war.
• Ban on arms sales and
loans to nations in
civil war.
What areas did Hitler take over in
the 1930’s?
• Austria
• Czechoslovakia
(Sudentenland)
• Trying to unite
Germanic peoples
• Hitler was welcomed
in the areas of Austria
and Sudetenland.
What was the Munich
Agreement?
• British Prime Minister
Neville Chamberlain
agreed to give Hitler the
Sudetenland if he
promised not to take
over any other nations.
• Appeasement- giving up
principles to pacify an
aggressor
• Hitler will break the
agreement.
What was the Nonaggression
Pact?
• Treaty between Hitler
and Stalin. (1939)
• Germany and Soviet
Union agreed not to attack
one another.
• Agreed to divide Poland
between Soviets and
Germans.
• Hitler will break his
agreement.
What was blitzkrieg?
• Means lightning war in
German
• Fast tanks and aircraft
• Took enemy by surprise.
• Germany attacks Poland
to begin World War II on
September 1 1939.
• Defeated Poland in less
than one month.
What nations did Hitler take over
in 1940?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Denmark
Norway
Netherlands
Belgium
Luxembourg
France
Stalin- took Estonia,
Latvia, Lithuania, and
Finland.
In 1940, what happened in
England and France?
• Both Germany and Italy
invade France and took
over in a few weeks.
• French general Charles De
Gaulle fled to England.
• Battle of Britain- major
English cities
continuously bombed
(called the Blitz). English
never surrendered.
Who was Winston Churchill?
• Became England’s
Prime Minister in
1940.
• Led England thru
World War II.
• Kept English spirits up
in difficult times.
What was the Holocaust?
• The systematic murder
of 11 million people
across Europe in
1930’s and 40’s.
• More than ½ were
Jews.
How were Jews treated in
Germany?
• Anti-semitism- hatred of
Jews.
• Hitler made Jews the
scapegoat for all
Germany’s problems.
• Nuremberg Lawsstripped Jews of
citizenship, jobs, and
property.
• Had to wear Star of David.
What was Kristallnacht?
• November 9-10 1938Night of Broken Glass.
• Nazi storm troopers
destroyed Jewish homes,
businesses, and
synagogues in Germany.
• 100 Jews killed and
30,000 Jews were
arrested.
Where could the Jews go?
• Jews had trouble finding
acceptance in other
nations.
• The U.S. had accepted
100,000 Jewish refugees.
• Many Americans opposed
Jews for job competition.
• SS St. Louis- Jewish
refugees turned away.
More than ½ of the 943
passengers did in the
Holocaust.
What was Hitler’s Final
Solution?
• Genocide- systematic and
deliberate killing of a race
or ethnicity.
• Final Solution- genocide
of the Jewish people
rounded up by German SS
officers.
• Other groups: Gypsies,
Jehovah’s Witnesses,
Freemasons, mentally
and physically disabled,
homosexuals, incurably
ill, and those who
differed politically.
Chart of Holocaust Victims
What were ghettos?
• Jewish were rounded
up and taken to closed
off areas with barbed
wire fence and stone
walls.
• Most famous was the
Warsaw Ghetto in
Poland.
What were concentration camps?
• Labor and death
camps across Europe.
• Horrible living
conditions.
• Mass exterminations
• Medical experiments
• Millions were killed,
thousands daily.
Map of Concentration Camps
How did people survive
concentration camps?
• Many survivors credit
their strong will to live
and tell their story.
• 6 million Jews died and 5
million of various other
groups did not make it.
• Survivors tell their stories
so no one will forget.
• Elie Wiesel famed author
of Night
Who were the Axis Powers?
• Germany, Italy, and
Japan joined forces in
World War II.
• Known as Tripartite
Pact
• Wanted to keep
America out of the
war.
How did America try to help
England and Soviets?
• 1939- Cash and carry
policy- buy U.S. weapons
but nations had to
transport them on their
own.
• U.S. built up its own
military.
• Lend Lease Plan (1940)U.S. would lend arms to
our Allies (Britain and
Soviets)
What was the Atlantic Charter?
• Between England and
the U.S.
• Pledged collective
security, disarmament,
self-determination,
freedom of seas, and
economic cooperation.
• Basis of United Nations.
• Signed by 26 nations to
form Allies against Axis
Powers.
In 1940-41, what was going on in
Japan?
• Emperor Hirohito
• Hideki Tojo- military
leader of Japan
• Launch attacks
throughout Asia
(Manchuria, Vietnam,
Laos, Cambodia)
• Wanted to attack U.S.
What happened on December 7
1941?
• Japanese attack Pearl
Harbor in Hawaii.
• 2,403 Americans were
killed.
• 21 ships and 300 aircraft
were destroyed.
• “A date which will live in
infamy.” FDR
• The U.S. declared war.