Chapter 3 and 4
Enlightenment, Great Awakening,
French And Indian War, Causes of the
American Revolution
How did people earn a living in
the North?
• Grew several crops
• Wheat, fishing, lumbering,
shipbuilding.
• Ports: Boston,
Philadelphia, New York
• Problems: overcrowded
cities, lack of clean water,
fire, diseases, poverty
What groups of people lived in
the Northern colonies?
• Germans, Scots-Irish,
Dutch, Scandinavians,
and Jews.
• Free Africans faced
racial prejudice
• Lack of rights for
women
What was the Enlightenment?
• Philosophical movement
using reason and science
to find the truth.
• Began in Europe (John
Locke-natural rights,
Voltaire, Montesquieu)
• Ben Franklinrepresented the American
Enlightenment.
Enlightenment (continued)
• Effects of
Enlightenment: people
should have natural
rights protected by the
government.
Emphasis on science
weakened religion.
• Importance of
individual
• Question authority
What was the Great Awakening?
• Led by Jonathan
Edwards
• Religious revival to bring
people back to the Puritan
vision.
• Challenged the authority
of established churches.
• Created new
denominations: Baptists
and Methodists
• Stressed emotion
• Importance of individual
and question authority
Why were the French in North
America?
• Colonies in Canada,
Great Lakes, and
Mississippi River
Valley.
• Fur traders and
Catholic priests
• Good relations with
American Indians
What caused the French and
Indian War (1754-1763)?
• British and French fought
over the Ohio River Valley
Territory.
• Young George
Washington was fighting
for the British.
• 1754- Ben Franklin helped
to unite colonies with the
Albany Plan.
What happened during the
French and Indian War?
• 1757- William Pitt led the
British to defeat the
French in many battles
(Ft. Duquesne)
• Iroquois helped British.
• 1759- British defeated
French in Quebec.
• 1763- Treaty of Paris
signed. France gave up
land east of Mississippi
and Canada
What happened after the French
and Indian War?
• Ottawa chief Pontiac
challenged the British and
the British infected the
American Indians with
small pox.
• Proclamation of 1763forbid colonists west of
the Appalachians.
Colonists unhappy.
What made the colonists angry at
Britain?
• New laws that required
searches of homes.
• British troop presence
• Taxes by Prime Minister
George Grenville to pay
off debt.
• 1764- Sugar Act passed
(cut import tax on
molasses, tax on imported
goods, enforced
smuggling laws, single
judge without a jury could
find smugglers guilty.
Why did the colonists protest
Britain’s taxes?
• 1765- Stamp Act
(colonists had to buy and
place stamps on items like
wills, playing cards)
Directly taxed the people.
• Sons of Liberty led by
Samuel Adams led
boycotts. (No taxation
without representation)
• Patrick
Henry(Virginian)- “Give
me Liberty or give me
Death.”
What were the Townshend Acts?
• Passed in 1767.
• Placed taxes on glass,
paint, lead and tea.
• Protest by colonists
led to British troops
being stationed.
What was the Boston Massacre
(1770)?
• Group of Boston
protesters threw snow
balls at British
soldiers.
• The soldiers fired and
killed 5 colonists
including African
American Crispus
Attucks.
What were the committees of
correspondence?
• Allowed colonies to
communicate with one
another.
• Helped unite colonies.
What was the Boston Tea Party
(1773)?
• Colonists were angry
at another tea tax
passed with the Tea
Act.
• Sons of Liberty
dressed as American
Indians dumped
thousands of pounds
of tea in Boston
Harbor.
What were the Intolerable or
Coercive Acts (1774)?
• Boston Tea Party
angered King George
III.
• Parliament passed
these acts that put
Boston under martial
law and closed
Boston Harbor.
What happened at Lexington and
Concord (1775)?
• 1st Battle of the
American Revolution
• Minutemen- colonial
civilian soldiers
• British seize weapons at
Concord
• Paul Revere warned the
British were coming.
• Lexington lasted 15
minutes.
• Concord many British
soldiers were killed.
What was the Second Continental
Congress (1775)?
• Urged independence
from Great Britain
• Created Continental
Army under the
leadership of George
Washington.
• Approved the Olive
Branch and then the
Declaration of
Independence.
What was the Battle of Bunker
Hill (1775)?
• More than 1,000
British soldiers killed.
• Colonists lost 311
men.
• Deadliest battle of
the war.
• “Don’t fire until you
see the whites of their
eyes”
What was the Olive Branch
Petition (1775)?
• Continental Congress
sent a peace offering to
King George III.
• Return to harmony prior to
the war.
• Rejected by King George
III.
• Ordered Parliament to
blockade America.
What was the importance of
Common Sense (1776)?
• Written by Thomas
Paine in January
1776.
• Independence would
lead to a better
American society.
• Colonies had
outgrown relationship
with Britain.
What are the main ideas of the
Declaration of Independence?
• Written July 4 1776 by
Thomas Jefferson.
• Used Enlightenment
theories of natural rights
from John Locke.
• Social contract of
government
• Right to Revolution
• Consent of the governed
• “All men are created
equal”
Who were the Patriots?
• Those colonists who
supported
independence from
England.
• Only 1/3 of colonists
were Patriots.
• Farmers, landowners,
artisans, merchants,
Quakers, some African
Americans.
Who were the Loyalists?
• Supported the British
and were loyal to the
King.
• Also called Tories.
• Felt the King could protect
their rights better than the
colonial government.
• 1/3 of colonists were
Loyalists.
• Most American Indians
and some African
Americans supported the
British.