Objectives
 Content: Choose one inventor and
defend why his invention was the most
important.
 Language: List the 3 inventors and their
inventions.
Inventions
The Growth of Industry
 After the Civil War, the
United States was
transformed from an
agricultural to an industrial
nation.
 One reason for growth
was new inventions
Inventions and Innovations
1.) The Electric Light Bulb (1879)
• Thomas Edison “The Wizard
of Menlo Park”
•Perfected the light bulb
•Also either invented or
contributed to the first power
plants, phonograph, motion
picture projector and the
storage battery
http://www.history.com/shows/men-who-built-america/videos/the-rise-ofthomas-edison?m=5189719baf036&s=All&f=1&free=false
Inventions and Innovations
2.) Telephone Service (1876)
• Alexander Graham Bell
•Bell focused on providing
education to the deaf his
whole life. His work
helped him come up with
his plan to improve the
telegraph
Inventions and Innovations
2.) Telephone Service (1876)
• Alexander Graham Bell
•He opened the Bell telephone company
in 1877.
•There is controversy over his invention.
Italian Antonio Meucci demonstrated a
“telefono” in New York City in 1860. It is
believed that Bell used his work to
develop his telephone.
Inventions and Innovations
3.) “Model T” (1908)
• Henry Ford
• Established his first automobile plant in
Michigan.
• The Model T sold for $850.00
• First to use the assembly line
http://www.history.com/topics/henry-ford/videos/the-rise-of-henry-ford?m=5189719baf036&s=All&f=1&free=false
Objectives
Content: Determine if the factors leading to
immigration were push or pull.
Language: List the 4 reasons people
immigrated to the United States after the
Civil War.
IMMIGRATION
What is immigration?
 Immigration is the
movement of people from
one country to another
What is immigration?
 An immigrant is someone who comes into
another country.
 An emigrant is someone who exits their
own country.
New Immigration
1880-1920
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uwo4eZ-MF10
Immigrants have been coming to America since the 1600s.
But the immigration we are talking about now took place
much later! After the 1880’s!
New Immigration
 New immigration is the
wave of immigration
from 1880 to 1920.
During this time, 23
million immigrants enter
the United States.
 The peak decade was
1900 - 1910.
 Most “new immigrants”
came from southern
and eastern Europe.
Immigration was a combination of
Push/Pull factors
Push- reasons they left
home country
Pull- reasons they came
to the U.S.
 Crop Failure/Famine
• Freedom
 Land and Job
• Join Families
Shortages
 Rising Taxes
 Religious and/or
Political
Discrimination
 Disease
 Economic Opportunity
 Wealth
 Jobs
So why did Immigration
increase after the Civil War?
Because of HEAR!
•Hope for better opportunities
•Escape from oppressive government
•Adventure
•Religious freedom
Objectives
 Content: Discover the difficulties of
immigrating to the United States.
 Language: Describe the experience
of immigrants traveling through Ellis
Island.
The Journey…
 The trip from Europe
to America took two
weeks and cost
about $30.00
 Most immigrants
traveled in steerage
or 3rd class quarters.
The conditions were
crowded, filthy, and
filled with stench.
Ellis Island
Immigrants from
Europe entered the
United States at
Ellis Island in New
York City.
Ellis Island opened in 1892. Here, 5,000 to
10,000 immigrants were processed each
day.
Once at Ellis Island…
 Immigrants had to pass
a physical exam and
were interviewed.
 Most new immigrants
were poor and
uneducated. One-third
were illiterate (couldn’t
read). Almost none
could speak English.

http://viewpure.com/ubT-Bm36L2U
Ellis Island Interactive Tour
http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/immigration/tour/
Angel Island
 Immigrants from Asia entered the United
States at Angel Island in San Francisco,
California.
Objectives
 Content: Create a sensory figure about
the immigrants’ experiences.
 Language: Explain the conditions
immigrants lived and worked in.
Discrimination Against Immigrants
 Many faced ethnic and religious
prejudice and discrimination.
1.) Chinese
 Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) –
Prohibited Chinese workers from
entering the United States for 10
years. It was extended many times
and lasted until 1943.
 Discrimination spread to all Asian
immigrants
 Why?
 Competition for gold and jobs
Discrimination Continued
2.) Irish
• Irish Catholics were thought to be dirty,
stupid, violent, and alcoholic.
• They were denied jobs and housing
because of the fact that they were Irish.
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6Dv0oNfsUM
Where Did The Immigrants Live?
 Three-fourths of
all new
immigrants
settled in large
cities such as
New York and
Chicago.
• Immigrants sought out neighborhoods with
friends and relatives.
• These poor neighborhoods were called
slums, or ghettos.
• Immigrants lived in overcrowded rundown
apartments called tenements.
 Eight or more people
would share two
rooms.
 There was rarely
plumbing or heating
 There were few
windows, hallways
had water puddles.
There was filth and
stench everywhere.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxxSV1F
-sM4

http://www.tenement.org/immigrate/
Immigrant Labor
• The immigrants worked wherever they could
get jobs: mines, factories, and railroads.
• Sweatshops
• Crowded factories where men and women
labored for 15-18 hours a day.
• They were dark, damp, poorly ventilated,
stench filled, and either extremely hot or
extremely cold.
•Life in America was often as difficult as the life
they had left behind.
•Immigrants faced unemployment, early death,
industrial accidents, and typhoid.
Objectives
 Content: Label major cities with what
they produced.
 Language: List 3 challenges during the
Industrial Revolution and explain the
solutions.
The Rise of Cities
Immigration and The growth
of Industry
Why Cities Grew
3 reasons
1. ABILITY – The United States was changing
from a rural to an urban nation (People were
leaving the farm and moving to the city)
2. LABOR - Huge rise in immigration to America
led to an abundance of cheap skilled and unskilled worker
3. JOBS - Factories provide jobs where
immigrants would have to work in
dangerous and low paying jobs.
•
Ex 1: Steel Mills of Pittsburgh
•
Ex 2: Meat Packing plants of
Chicago and Kansas City
•
The Jungle – by Upton Sinclair,
was a tell all book exposing the
gross conditions in meatpacking
plants
Urbanization
Industry and cities
Cities became major centers for
business and industry
For example:
1. New York City, Boston and Philadelphia were
manufacturing centers.
2. New England states were textiles – a type of cloth or
woven fabric
 Ex: Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode
Island, Vermont, and Maine
3. Pittsburgh was steel (The Steelers)
4. Detroit was automobiles (The Pistons)
5. Chicago was meatpacking (The Bulls)
Immigration and The
growth of Industry
 Rapid
industrialization
and
urbanization led
to overcrowded
immigrant
neighborhoods
1st Challenge
1. Tenements – a run-down, dirty
apartment building.
Solution
1.) Settlement Houses – provided medical care,
playgrounds, nurseries and libraries. Also had classes in
English, Music and the Arts
• Located in poorer neighborhoods
• Ex: Hull House, Founded by Jane Addams
2nd Challenge
2. Ghettos/slums – part of a city that
contains poor and rundown neighborhoods
Solution
2) YMCA and YWCA - Recreation center for inner city kids
23rd Street YMCA, 1897 Metropolitan
Champions
3rd Challenge
3. Political Corruption - the use of
power by government officials for
private gain
Solution
3.) Political machines – group that controls the activities of a
political party
• Gained power by helping new immigrants
• Would provide housing and jobs in exchange for votes!
Objectives:
• Content: Compare and contrast the
Captains of Industry
• Language: List the Captains and
which industry each was responsible
for.
Rise and Prosperity of
Big Business
The captains of industry
What led to the rise of
big business?
1.) National markets (people willing to buy
products) are created by transportation
advances
 Railroads
 Automobiles
2.) Advertising
3.) Lower cost of production
4.) The Captains of Industry
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Captain of Shipping and Railroads
-Made his fortune by consolidating several
small railroad companies into one big empire
John D. Rockefeller
Captain of OIL
- Created the Standard Oil Trust (1882)
- Refined oil to make kerosene and gasoline
- Monopoly – total control of a type of
industry by one person or one company
Andrew Carnegie
Captain of Steel
- Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania became steel
capital of the U.S.
- Created Carnegie Steel Company (1900)
Growth of Industry (summary)
 Lots of raw materials and energy
 Coal
 Oil
 Large work force due to massive immigration
 Inventions and the Captains of Industry
 The Railroads
 Could move goods all over the country