Unit One Study Guide
Key Terms: Define the following terms
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Matter
o Solid:
o Liquid:
o Gas:
Pure substances
o Element:
o Compound:
Mixture
o Homogeneous:
o Heterogeneous:
Atomic structure
o Proton:
o Neutron:
o Electron:
Mass number:
Atomic number:
Isotopes:
Ions:
o Cation:
o Anion:
Precision:
Accuracy:
Nuclear transformations
o Alpha particle:
o Beta particle:
o Positron:
o Gamma ray:
o half life:
Key Concepts: Answer the following questions
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Chemical vs. Physical change
o You take a clear solution of Lead Nitrate Pb(NO3)2 and pour it into a solution of
KI. A thick yellow substance is formed. Is this a physical or chemical change and
why?
o You dissolve salt into water. Is this physical or chemical change and why?
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Chemical vs. Physical properties
o Identify whether the following is a physical or chemical property.
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The balloon is red. _________________
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The gasoline is flammable. ____________________
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The box is a rectangle. ____________________
Simple nuclear transformations: Complete the following transmutation
201
o 201
80𝐻𝑔 + _______ = 79𝐴𝑢
0
o _______ → 210
84𝑃𝑜 + −1𝑒
Math Concepts
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Dimensional analysis
o 2.75 m = __________ cm
o 746L = ___________ moles (22.4L = 1moles)
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Symbol
Atomic #
17
8𝑂
19
9𝐹
Determining the structure of an atomic through chemical symbols
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Atomic mass
Mass number
Proton
Neutron
Electron
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Average Atomic mass: Solve the following problem show all your work.
o Calculate the average atomic mass of sulfur if 95.00% of all sulfur atoms have a
mass of 31.972 amu, 0.76% has a mass of 32.971amu and 4.22% have a mass of
33.967amu.
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Percent Error: Solve the following problem and show all you work.
Percent Error = |Your Answer – Accepted Value| x100
Accepted Value
o The density of water at 4oC is known to be 1.00 g/mL. Kayla experimentally
found the density of water to be 1.075 g/mL. What is her percent error?
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Half Life:
o A radioactive sample has a half life of 0.25yrs after 2 years what amount of the
original sample remains?