The Romans Create a Republic
1.
Etruscan kings ruled and expanded
Rome- agriculture, temples
2.
Last king of Rome was a tyrant –
Tarquin the Proud who was
overthrown by aristocrats
1.
3. Established a Republic –
definition: form of government in
which power rests with citizens who
vote for their leaders (freeborn
males only in Rome)
List
similarities between Rome
and Greece about how their
government evolved to reach
democracy/republic
1. Patricians – aristocratic
landowners who controlled
most of the power
Inherited
power and social
status, allowed to make laws
2. Plebians- common farmers,
artisans, merchants who made
up a majority of the population
citizens
with the right to vote,
but could not hold government
position
Tribunes
– elected
representatives for Plebeians
that served in the Senate
3. Foreigners- could be citizens
4. Slaves- no power, NOT based on
race –prisoners of war
1.
Consuls - two officials who
commanded army and directed
government
- limited power: term length –
one year, power to veto each
other
2.
Senate - aristocratic branch
of government, 300 men from
the upper class
- term length – life membership,
which provided continuity and
stability
-powers – influence over foreign
affairs and domestic policy
3.
Assemblies – more democratic side
of the government, two types
- Centuriate Assembly – all citizensoldiers for life
- powers – 1. Selected consuls
2. made laws
- Tribal Assembly – made up of
plebeians
- powers – 1. Elected Tribunes
2. made laws for commoners
4.
Dictator – served only in times
of crisis for six months
- chosen by consuls and elected by
the Senate
- powers – hard absolute power to
make laws and command the
army
- EX: Cincinnatus
1.
right to vote
2. Pay taxes
3. Serve in the military
First
written code of Rome,
serves as basis of Roman law –
Twelve Tables
“Innocent
until proven guilty”
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