Name: _______________________________
USVA History
Post-Civil War Reconstruction part II notes
12.1-12.3
Fifteenth Amendment
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Election of 1868o Big help from _____________________ vote
Radicals introduced the ________ Amendment which stated that no one can be kept from
_______________because of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”
o Did this because they feared southerners would try to limit ____________ voting
Conditions in the South
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By 1870, all of the ______________________ states had been readmitted into the Union
South had to physically and economically rebuild (______________________ alone did $100
million worth of damage)
________________________ gov’t built roads, bridges, and railroads and established
orphanages and institutions to care for mentally ill and disabled
Also created the 1st _________________ school system in most Southern states
Southern gov’ts ___________________ taxes to pay for it
Politics in the South
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2 groups of people emerged:
o ______________________-white Southerners who joined the Republican Party
o These people hoped to gain political offices with the help of the African-American votes
and use the office to better themselves
_________________________- Northerners who moved to the South after the war
o White Southerners believed they wanted to exploit the South’s postwar turmoil
In reality some of these people were _______________________’s Bureau agents, teachers or
ministers
However a good deal were dishonest ___________________ people
African- American Voters
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9/10 supported the ________________________ Party
Attitudes of most Southern whites ________________________- some supported the
Republicans but many refused to accept the new statue of African-Americans
Several thousand white _____________________ emigrated to Europe, Mexico and Brazil
Life for Former Slaves
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Took advantage of travel opportunities and moved from their ________________________ to
towns and cities
_________________ lost family members
Established educational institutes
o ______________________ Institute founded in VA
Founded their own Baptist and Methodist _________________________
Held office in local, state and federal government
o Hiram Revels- first African-American ____________________
40 Acres and a Mule
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Few former ______________________ had enough money to buy their own land
During the war, Gen. __________________________had promised the freed slaves who
followed his army 40 acres of land per family and 1 army mule
Johnson _________________________ these people when he took over
Sharecropping and Tenant Farming
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________________________ African-Americans couldn’t grow or sell crops
o Economic necessities forced many to sign labor contracts with planters
_________________________- landowners divided their land and gave each worker (black or
white) a few acres, seeds and tools
o At harvest time each worker gave a share of his crops (1/2) to the planter
_________________________farming- workers rent land for class from the planters and keep
their harvest
o Better chances of becoming outright owners of farms
 _____________________ happened
Cotton no longer “king”
o
o
o
Demand for cotton ________________________ during the war- other countries increased their
cotton production
o Prices ______________________
Tried to diversify their ______________________
o Textile mills and tobacco sprung up
Many whites were frustrated with their loss of ______________________ power and turned to
anger towards African-Americans
o Late 1860s-70s white groups tried to terrorize African-Americans into giving up their
_________________________ rights- try to build economic improvement.
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
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o
o
o
o
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founded as a social club for __________________________ veterans
Started in Tennessee in 1866, membership spread rapidly through the South
o Many new chapters turned into violent organizations
By 1868- the goal turned into restoring white____________________________ and to prevent
African-Americans from exercising their ______________________ rights
Between 1868-1871, the ______________________ and other groups killed thousands and
burned schools and churches
o Targeted African-Americans and whites who tried to help them
Another objective was to get the _____________________ out of power
Also tried to prevent African-Americans from making economic and political progress
o ____________________ property, refused to hire them if they voted for
_______________________
 Kept them from voting
Democrats “redeem” the South
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o
o
Northern support for Reconstruction is _______________________
o _______________________ stopped caring about the events in the South
Republicans began to back away from their _____________________ to Reconstruction
Democrats started to recapture the state governments
o Called it “_____________________”
Election of 1876
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o
End of Congressional ______________________
Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) v. Samuel J. Tilden (Democrat)
o Tilden ___________________popular but not electoral vote
o Commission was set up and they elected Hayes
 Compromise of 1877: Give Hayes the __________________ if they end
Reconstruction
 Allows former ______________________ to regain power
Home Rule
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The ability to run _______________ governments without ____________________
intervention.
“______________________” (Southern Democrats) set out to rescue the South from a
decade of mismanagement
o _______________________ laws that restricted the rights of African-Americans,
wiped out social programs, slashed taxes and dismantled public schools
Legacy of Reconstruction
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___________________________ ended without much progress in the battle against
discrimination
o Radical Republicans __________________ to protect African-Americans completely and
the Supreme Court narrowed the interpretation of the 13,14,15th amendments
________________________remained backwards and the poorest section of the US for decades
The North and the West emerged with strong industrial economies