Industrialization Test Study Guide
How did the Railroad help industry and big business?
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Brought raw materials from the west to the factories in the east like copper, lead, and iron ore
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Railroads carried goods (finished products) from factories to people all over the country
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This creates NATIONAL MARKETS, now people can buy things from anywhere around the
country
What were the factors that caused immigrates to move to the US?
Hope for better opportunities
Escape from oppressive governments
Adventure
Religious freedom
Where did the majority of immigrants come from during the early 1900s?
China, Japan, Southern and Eastern Europe.
Who did political machines target?
They would target immigrants because political machines would help immigrants with naturalization,
jobs, and housing in exchange for votes
What two groups of immigrants faced harsh discrimination?
The Irish and the Chinese
Define “The Progressive Era.”
The historical period when reformers attempted to fix the problems caused by the rise of industry and
growth of cities.
Why was political corruption a challenge faced by cities?
Elected officials would unfairly reward supporters with government jobs and contracts. The “Boss”
controlled jobs, business licenses, and influenced the court system. Political machines were
organizations that they controlled the activities of a political party through corruption and bribery
What did the temperance movement oppose?
Temperance groups wanted to ban making, selling, and consuming alcohol
What did the 18th Amendment do?
It prohibits the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcoholic beverages
What did the 19th Amendment do? It grants women the right to vote in 1920
What did the Progressive Movement focus on what it came to working conditions?
Work day shortened, child Labor laws passed, wages increased, safety regulations
What was the outcome of the Homestead Strike?
In 1892 Carnegie lowered wages at his steel mill in Homestead, PA (near Pittsburgh), the union went
on strike, the strike turned violent and 13 people died. This caused many Americans to turn against
unions because they blamed unions for the violence.
What are labor unions? What did labor unions fight for?
Labor Union: An organization of employees that fights for better working conditions/pay
They fight to improve working hours (less hours), to receive higher wages, and for better working
conditions
What were the negative effects of the working conditions during industrialization?
Child Labor (children were paid less), low pay (about 1 dollar a day), long Hours (12 hours a day; 6
days a week), and crowded, unsafe factories (called sweat shops)
What are the factors that led to the growth of industry?
Access to raw materials, increase in labor, railroad, advertisement, new technology, mass production
Fill in the charts below.
Captain
Industry
Carnegie
Steel
Morgan
Banking
Vanderbilt
Railroad/Shipping
Rockefeller
Oil
City/Region
Industry
Detroit
Automobiles
Chicago
Meat-packing
Pittsburgh
Steel
New England
Textiles
Problem
Living Conditions - Crowded
Who tried to solve it?
Jacob Riis
tenement neighborhoods, dirty, no
light, no fresh air
Jane Adams
Working Conditions - Low pay,
long hours, dangerous
Unsanitary dangerous meat packing
industry
Women’s voting rights - Women
did not have a voice in government
Could not hold public office
Monopolies - High prices on goods
Solution
Riis - Published his book with pictures
of how immigrants were living called
“How the Other Half Lived”
Adams - Created the Hull House
(Chicago, IL) – Most famous
settlement house in the USA
Upton Sinclair, Labor Unions
(American Federation of
Labor)
Sinclair - Published his book that
exposed the dirty working conditions
and unsafe/unhealthy practices used
in meat and food factories, called “The
Jungle”
AFL - Led strikes in order to gain
improved working conditions
Jane Adams, Elizabeth Cady
Stanton, Susan B. Anthony,
Alice Paul, Suffragists
Led suffrage movement (rallies,
speeches)
Theodore Roosevelt
First president to use the Sherman
Anti-trust Act, which limited the power
of monopolies
because powerful monopolies limited
competition
Helped get 19th amendment passed
Low wages for workers
Pick a Captain of Industry or Reformer (think back to the Press Conference) and answer the following
questions as that person.
USE YOUR NOTES FROM THE PRESS CONFERENCE TO COMPLETE THIS SECTION.
Who are you?
Is something wrong with America?
What contributions have you made to America, or what reforms have you made to America?
How did they help?