Migration Quiz Study Guide
1. What is meant by chain migration? Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or
members of the same nationality previously migrated there.
2. How does immigration and emigration differ? Immigration refers to coming into a country, emigration
refers to exiting a country.
3. What are intervening opportunities? The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the
attractiveness of sites farther away.
4. What is meant by step migration? Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for
example, from farm to a nearby village and later to town or city.
5. What are push factors? What are real world examples? Push factors are factors that push someone
away from where they live. This could be war, lack of economic opportunity, persecution, etc.
6. What are pull factors? What are real world examples? Pull factors are factors that pull someone to a
new place. This could be economic opportunities, freedom, family, etc.
7. What are refugees? How are they produced? People who are forced to migrate from their home
country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality,
membership in a social group, or political opinion.
8. What is meant by transhumance? Seasonal migration of people usually following herds of animals.
9. Describe Ravenstein’s laws of migration:
Most people migrate for economic reasons
Most move short distance (stay within own country)
Most plan to return home (Cuban grandmother with a packed suitcase)
Long distance migrants to other countries head to major cities of econ activity
Historically most long distance migrants are male, and single from age 25-39
10. Describe Wilbur Zelinsky’s laws of migration:
Says migrants come mostly from stage 2 of demographic transition model (periphery or Semi-Periphery)
Move to MDCs for new job, education, or tech opportunities
Most internal migration in Stage 3 and 4 countries is from city to suburbs
Most internal migration in Stage 2 countries is rural to urban
A.P. Human Geography
11. How do voluntary migrations differ from forced migrations?
Voluntary Migrations: Permanent movement undertaken by choice.
Forced migrations: Permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors.
12. How do international and interregional migrations differ?
International migrations: Permanent movement from one country to another.
Interregional migrations: Permanent movement from one region of a country to another.
13. Make sure to understand general migration flows
1. Early America, east to the south and west.
2. Core countries: urban to suburban
3. Periphery and Semi-Periphery: rural to urban
4. Turn of the 20th century, Western and Central Europe to the US
5. 1970s-Present: Asia and Latin America to the US
14. How do net-in, net-out migrations differ?
Net-in migration is when you have more people coming in than leaving. Net-out migration is when
more people are leaving than coming in.
Don’t just know the vocabulary; make sure you know how it works in the real world.
A.P. Human Geography