Bell Ringer

 What was the difference between the revolutions in
Central America versus the revolutions in South
America?
Agenda/Objectives

 Nationalism: what does this term mean?
 What three groups were fighting for Europe?
 What is the idea of a Nation-State?
 Failed Revolutions.
 Nationalism in the United States.
Stop! Think about it?

 The North and South American independence
movements of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth
centuries shared which of the following?
 A. Revolutionary demands based on Enlightenment
political ideas.
 B. Reliance on Christian teachings to define revolutionary
demands.
 C. Industrial economies that permitted both areas to break
free of European control.
 D. Political instability caused by constant warfare among
the new states.
Nationalism Changes
Europe

 1800s: 3 groups struggled for supremacy in
European Societies.
 - Conservatives
 - Liberals
 - Radicals
Conservatives

 Usually wealthy property owners and nobility –
argued for protecting the traditional monarchies of
Europe.
 Certain cases: France, conservatives approved of
constitutional monarchies.
Liberals

 Mostly middle-class business leaders and merchants.
 - Wanted to give more power to elected parliaments,
but only to parliaments in which the educated and
the landowners could vote.
Radicals

 Favored drastic change to extend democracy to the
people as a whole.
 - practice ideas from the French Revolution.
The idea of the NationState

 A new movement called Nationalism emerged.
 Nationalism - the belief that one’s greatest loyalty
should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation
of people who share a common culture and history.
The idea of the NationState

 When the nation had its own independent
government, it became a nation-state.
 Idea came from the French Revolution.
Nationalism Sparks
Revolts in the Balkans

 First people to win self- rule = Greeks
 Greece had been part of the Ottoman Empire.
 - Controlled most of the Balkans.
 Balkans: Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, and
Turkey.
Nationalism Sparks
Revolts in the Balkans

 Greeks kept alive their ancient history and culture.
 Spurred by the nationalist spirit, Greeks demanded
to become a nation-state.
 Revolts broke out in 1821.
 Greeks strongly supported around the world due to
ancient history and culture.
Nationalism Sparks
Revolts in the Balkans

 1823: Poet Lord Byron compared the nationalist
movement to the Spartans.
 - donated money to the Greek fleet.
 1824: died of a fever.
 1827: British, French, and Russian fleet destroyed the
Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Navarino.
 1830: Britain, France and Russia signed a treaty
recognizing the full independence of Greece.
Reform in Western
Europe

 Liberals and Nationalist openly revolted against
Conservative governments.
 Liberal middle class leading the revolts: teachers,
lawyers, and business people.
Failed Revolutions

 1830 – Belgians declared independence from Dutch
control.
 Italian Nationalist work to unite the many separate
states on the Italian peninsula.
 - independent or controlled by Austria or the pope.
 Austrian Prime Minister Metternich sent troops to
restore order in Italy.
Failed Revolutions

 Mid 1830’s Poland revolted from Russia. Took
Russian armies an entire year to crush the rebellion.
 Many other failed attempts in Hungary, Germany,
Czech, Budapest…
 By 1849, Most of Europe returned to Conservative
rule.
Nationalism in the U.S.

 How are we different from the rest of the world
when it comes to national identity?
 How do you define yourself as an American?
Peer Editing

 Please pass your paper to someone that you believe
will give you the feedback you need on your paper.
