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SEEA/Environmental accountings’
user needs with regards to
renewable energy
Julie L. Hass, Ph.D.
Kristine E. Kolshus
Division for Environmental Statistics
Statistics Norway
London Group Meeting
17-19 December 2007
Rome, Italy
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Goals:
• Where are renewables an important category?
– example from energy statistics, sustainable development indicators
• What are renewables? Definition(s)?
• What type of information is needed about renewables with
respect to environmental accounting/statistics?
• Identify SEEA-user needs to be able to communicate to
others that are also working in this area.
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Fuel shares of world
total primary energy supply (TPES)
** Geothermal, solar, wind, tide/wave/ocean.
Totals in graph might not add up due to rounding.
Source: Renewables in global energy supply: An IEA Fact Sheet, page 3
3
Energy use per unit GDP1 and total energy use (PJ)
for renewable and non-renewable energy sources.
1976-2004
(official Norwegian sustainable development indicator)
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Challenges…
- with renewables:
For energy in general:
• Systems boundaries & coverage,
break down by institutional units,
terminology
For renewables:
• Classification of renewables
• Coordination between renewables
classification and product
classifications (HS/CPA/SITC)
• Information regarding the sources
of the energy used – how it was
produced
- with Norwegian SDI:
•
•
System boundary – GDP vs Kyoto
related energy use
Definition of “renewables” – what
to include?
– Waste
– Import of electricity (99% of
Norwegian electricity production
from hydro sources) – need to
know production source of
imported electricity
– Are all own-use/auxillary energy
included? Biogas from sewage
treatment facilities (newer energy
sources) – coverage?
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IEA Renewable energy commodity categories
•
•
•
•
•
•
Combustible Renewables and Waste:
– Solid Biomass
– Wood, Wood Waste, Other Solid Waste
– Charcoal
– Biogas
– Liquid Biofuels
– Municipal Waste (renewables)*
Hydropower
Geothermal Energy
Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Tide/Wave/Ocean Energy
*Some of the waste (the non-biodegradable part of the waste) is not considered renewables as such.
However, proper breakdown between renewables and non-renewables is not always available.
Source: IEA (2007a) Renewables Fact Sheet – page 23
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IEA/OECD-EurostatUNECE energy manual,
page 116
Is this electricity-only vs. Stock and/or non-stock?
Then where to place hydro since that has water reserve basins that
are stocks (in the sense of the word used here like solid biomass)?
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Renewables and Waste
Electricity-only
renewable sources
(Group I)
Renewable
sources without
stock changes
(Group II)
Multiple use renewable
sources (electricity, heat,
etc.)
Renewable
sources with
stock changes
(Group III)
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Liquid biofuels
•
Increasing interest - specific biofuel goals - March 2007 European
Council: raise the share of biofuels in transport to 10 per cent by 2020
•
How to measure this?
•
“As there is no specific customs classification for biofuels, the exact
amount of imported ethanol, oilseeds and vegetable oil ultimately used
in the transport sector cannot be quantified.”
•
“…assessment will have to specify whether the focus should be on CN
codes (internal EU) or on international HS codes. Creating a new HS
code requires international negotiation, while a new CN code may be
appropriate for EU statistical purposes.”
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Biofuels “hidden” in HS codes
“Beverages, spirits & vinegar” (chapter 22):
• Bioethanol denatured HS Code 22072000
• Bioethanol undenatured HS Code 22071000
“Miscellaneous chemical products” (chapter 38):
• Biodiesel HS Code 38249099
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“Clean/green/emissions free” electricity
production, use, imports and exports
•
European Electricity Directive 2003/54/EC of 26 June 2003 concerning
common rules for the internal market in electricity:
•
Member States shall ensure that electricity suppliers specify in or with
the bills and in promotional materials made available to final customers:
– the contribution of each energy source to the overall fuel mix of the supplier
over the preceding year;
– at least the reference to existing reference sources, such as web-pages,
where information on the environmental impact, in terms of at least
emissions of CO2 and the radioactive waste resulting from the electricity
produced by the overall fuel mix of the supplier over the preceding year is
publicly available.
•
With respect to electricity obtained via an electricity exchange or
imported from an undertaking situated outside the Community,
aggregate figures provided by the exchange or the undertaking in
question over the preceding year maybe used.
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Need new products that also include production
technique/source information ?
•
•
Currently: electricity
NACE Rev. 1.1
Do we need?
•
–
–
–
–
–
–
•
Electricity from nuclear
Electricity from hydro
Electricity from coal
Electricity from waste
Etc.
Is this practically possible?
Bioethanol
– From crops such as corn, sugar
beet, palm oil, vegatable oil
– From cellulosic biomass
feedstock
– Etc.
40.110 Production of electricity
NACE Rev. 2
35.11 Production of electricity…
•
•
•
35.111 …from hydro
•
•
35.114 …from natural gas
35.112 …from wind
35.113 …from biofuels, waste and
landfill gases
35.115 …from other sources
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Conclusion
• Terminology is confusing and needs to be harmonized –
Oslo Group actively working on this
• A number of fora are involved in discussing product
categories for renewables, for example a Eurostat working
group. LG should coordinate with these energy and trade
experts to provide input to the revision of the standard
product categories in the standards (HS/CPA/SITC)
• What is different with regards to renewables is the need to
identify how the energy is produced and/or transformed.
How to solve this? More detailed product and source
product categories?
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