Course: MAC 228 Announcing and Performance. (2 Credits. Elective)
Course Duration: One hours theory per week for 15 weeks (30 hours) and three hours practical
per week for 15 weeks (45 hours) as taught in the 2011/2012 session.
Lecturer: Abdulrauf , A. A.
B.Sc. Mass Communication. (Zaria);
Graduate Member, Nigerian Institute of Management (GMNIM);
Department of Mass Communication,
Faculty of Communication and Information Sciences,
University of Ilorin,
Ilorin, Nigeria.
E-mail: ajokeaisha@yahoo.com
abdulrauf.aa@unilorin.edu.ng
Office Location: First Floor, Room 3, Educational Technology Center, University of Ilorin,
Nigeria.
Consultation Hours: 11.00am – 1.00pm (Tuesdays and Thursdays).
Course Content
Fundamentals of voicing and nature of speech. Performance techniques with regard to the
microphone and the camera. Performance types: the actor, the straight announcer, the DJ, the
news reporter, the interviewer, the MCs and the narrator.
Course Description
This course is a practical course about human communication, with a focus on the electronic
media. Its purpose is to help improve the communication skills of students, which can be of
lasting benefit to them, whether or not they intend to become a performer on radio or television.
Confident, effective expression has always been an invaluable tool. Hence, the lectures will give
an insight into the basics of radio and television announcing and performance. Also attempts will
be made to look at the microphone and camera awareness, manners of pronunciation and
articulation, on-camera movement, hand signals, techniques and types of performance.
Course Justification
The ever-increasing significance of electronic media means that competent communication skills
may become nearly as important as literacy was a century ago. Hence the need to arm upcoming
broadcasters with the requisite skills needed for proper announcing and performance cannot be
overemphasized.
Course Objectives
The primary objective of the course is for student to learn the necessary techniques needed for
broadcast announcing and performance and by the end of the course, the students should be able
to :
1. Discuss performance techniques, types and personnel;
2.
3.
4.
5.
Identify proper pronunciation , articulation and announcing;
Describe camera and microphone consciousness and fright;
Analyze the various hand and time signals and
Discuss broadcast programme delivery.
Course Requirements
Student offering this course are required to:
• Attend at least 75% of classes in the course punctually;
• Participate in all course activities regularly;
• Have a yahoo e-mail account, join and participate in an on-line discussion group
dedicated to the course;
• Word process all assignments and
• Partake in all class practical.
Methods of Grading
Performance in the course will be graded using the guidelines in the table below.
Criterion
Practical
Participation in on-line discussion
Test
Final Examination
Total
Percentage
Score of Total
Marks
15
05
10
70
100
Course Delivery Strategies
The face-to-face method of lecture delivery strategy is adopted for the course. There will also be
an on-line discussion forum for students’ participation and practical demonstrations.
Lecture Contents
Week I: Course Overview.
Objectives
The lecture will introduce the course and conceptualize the words announcing and performance;
it will also demonstrate some announcing and performance characteristics.
Description
First Hour (Theory)
An overview of the course and conceptualization.
First Hour (Practical)
Announcing.
Second Hour (practical)
Performance.
Third Hour (practical)
Differentiate between announcing and performance.
Study Questions
1. Why is broadcast announcing and performance important?
2. Define the word ‘announcing’?
3. Demonstrate a speech showing announcing characteristics.
4. What is performance?
5. Demonstrate a speech showing some performance characteristics.
Reading List
1. Hyde 2, S. (1998). Television and Radio Announcing (8th ed).United States of America:
Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-87540-4.
2. Onabajo 2, O. (2000). Announcing and Performance. Lagos, Nigeria: Gabi Concept
Limited. ISBN 978-35025-6-5.
Week 2: Announcing for the Electronic Media.
Objectives
The lecture will take a holistic look at announcing for the electronic media as well as
demonstrate the types of announcing.
Description
First hour (Theory)
Announcing.
First Hour (Practical)
Announcing for radio.
Second Hour (Practical)
Announcing for television.
Third Hour(Practical)
Announcing.
Study Questions
1. Who is an announcer?
2. List the type of announcing you know.
3. Explain three types of announcing.
4. Demonstrate two types of announcing.
5. Differentiate between announcing and announcer.
Reading List
1. Hyde 2, S. (1998). Television and Radio Announcing (8th ed).United States of America:
Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-87540-4.
2. Onabajo 2, O. (2000). Announcing and Performance. Lagos, Nigeria: Gabi Concept
Limited. ISBN 978-35025-6-5.
Week 3: Voicing
Objectives
The lecture will explain voicing and its fundamentals as well as demonstrate them. It will lay
emphasis on making pleasant speech sound, clearly articulating the sound of English language,
Varying pitch and volume effectively, pronouncing words according to accepted standards and
communication ideas clearly orally.
Description
First Hour (Theory)
Voicing.
First Hour (Practical)
Voicing of vowels.
Second Hour (Practical)
Voicing of consonants (Manner of articulation).
Third Hour (Practical)
Voicing of vowels and consonants (Place of articulation).
Study Questions
1. List five classification of speech sound.
2. Explain two classification of speech sound.
3. What are the two broad categories of consonants?
4. What are the fundamentals of voicing?
5. Name the subdivisions of consonants.
6. Using relevant alphabet demonstrates the pronunciation of different types of consonant.
Reading List
1. Hyde 2, S. (1998). Television and Radio Announcing (8th ed).United States of America:
Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-87540-4.
2. Onabajo 2, O. (2000). Announcing and Performance. Lagos, Nigeria: Gabi Concept
Limited. ISBN 978-35025-6-5.
Week 4: Pronunciation and Articulation.
Objectives
This lecture seeks to explore and demonstrate proper pronunciation and articulation as well as
examine their differences.
Description
First Hour
Pronunciation and articulation.
First Hour (Practical)
Articulation.
Second Hour (Practical)
Pronunciation.
Third Hour (Practical)
Difference between articulation and pronunciation.
Study Questions
1. What are the causes of mispronunciation?
2. How can pronunciation be improved among Nigerian broadcasters?
3. Define articulation?
4. What is pronunciation?
5. Differentiate between articulation and pronunciation.
Reading List
1. Hyde 2, S. (1998). Television and Radio Announcing (8th ed).United States of America:
Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-87540-4.
Week 6: Broadcast Delivery.
Objectives
The lecture will examine and demonstrate the proper way to deliver broadcast programmes how
broadcast programmes should be presented. It will also explore the elements of programme
delivery.
Description
First Hour
Broadcast delivery.
First Hour (Practical)
Delivery.
Second Hour (Practical)
Elements of delivery.
Third Hour (Practical)
Voice modulation.
Study Questions
1. What is voice modulation?
2. Explain the 6 variations of voice modulation.
3. Define the term delivery?
4. What are elements of delivery?
5. List 5 elements of delivery you know.
Reading List
1. Hyde 2, S. (1998). Television and Radio Announcing (8th ed).United States of America:
Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-87540-4.
Week 7: Practical and Theory Test.
Objectives
To conduct a one- hour each continuous assessment and practical test based on what was taught
from week 1 to 6.
Description
First Hour
Theory Assessment Test.
Second Hour
Practical assessment test.
Study Questions
As listed in week 1 to 6
Reading List
1. Hyde 2, S. (1998). Television and Radio Announcing (8th ed).United States of America:
Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-87540-4.
2. Onabajo 2, O. (2000). Announcing and Performance. Lagos, Nigeria: Gabi Concept
Limited. ISBN 978-35025-6-5.
Week 8: Broadcast Performance.
Objectives
The lecture will explore the concept of broadcast performance; it will also examine and
demonstrate different forms of performance.
Description
First Hour (Theory)
Broadcast Performance.
First Hour (Practical)
Talk programmes and magazine programmes.
Second Hour Practical)
Drama programmes.
Third Hour (Practical)
Musical programmes.
Study Questions
1. What are the different types of talk programmes.
2. State and discuss the variations of performance
3. Explain in details the concept of performance.
4. List the different classification of music in Nigeria.
5. Citing various local examples explain the meaning of light entertainment programmes.
Reading List
1. Hyde 2, S. (1998). Television and Radio Announcing (8th ed).United States of America:
Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-87540-4.
2. Onabajo 2, O. (2000). Announcing and Performance. Lagos, Nigeria: Gabi Concept
Limited. ISBN 978-35025-6-5.
Week 9: Performance Techniques
Objectives
The lecture will explain and demonstrate the skills required for effective performance; it will also
explore the different types of performance techniques.
Description
First Hour (Theory)
Performance techniques.
First Hour (Practical)
Performance techniques.
Second Hour (Practical)
Performance techniques.
Third Hour (Practical)
Performance techniques.
Study Questions
1. What are performance techniques?
2. List 5 types of performance techniques.
3. Explain 2 types of performance techniques.
4. Define the term rehearsals?
5. What are the types of rehearsal we have?
6. The art of questioning is a performance technique which is very important for talk
programmes. Discuss?
Reading List
1. Onabajo 2, O. (2000). Announcing and Performance. Lagos, Nigeria: Gabi Concept
Limited. ISBN 978-35025-6-5.
Week 10: Types of Performance.
Objectives
The lecture will examine and practicalize different types of broadcast performance.
Description
First Hour (Theory)
Types of performance
First Hour (Practical)
The narrator.
Second Hour (Practical)
The newscaster
Third Hour (Practical)
The announcer.
Study Questions
1. State all the types of performance you know?
2. Explain any two from the types of performance listed above.
3. Justify the classification of a Master of Ceremony (MC) as a type of performance.
4. Differentiate between a reporter and a newscaster?
5. Who is a programme presenter and what types of programme does he present?
Reading List
1. Hausman4, C., Messere, F. & Benoit P. (2007). Modern Radio Production. Production,
Programming and Performance. (7th ed). Belmont, United States of America:
Thompson Wardsworth, pp. 319-321. ISBN 0-495-05031-8
2. Onabajo 2, O. (2000). Announcing and Performance. Lagos, Nigeria: Gabi Concept
Limited. ISBN 978-35025-6-5.
Week 11: Performance Personnel.
Objectives
The lecture will examine those responsible for carrying out broadcast performance activities; it
will also continue with the demonstration of types of performance.
Description
First Hour (Theory)
Performance personnel.
First Hour (Practical)
The interviewer.
Second Hour (Practical)
The reporter.
Third Hour (Practical)
The programme presenter.
Study Questions
1. Distinguish between the following:
a. Studio manager and studio engineer,
b. A producer and a director,
c. graphic artist and makeup artist and
d. floor manager and set designer.
2. State two ways, in which makeup can be used.
3. List 5 types of performance personnel.
4. Who is a video tape editor?
5. What are the duties of a video tape editor?
Reading List
1. Hyde 2, S. (1998). Television and Radio Announcing (8th ed).United States of America:
Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-87540-4.
2. Onabajo 2, O. (2000). Announcing and Performance. Lagos, Nigeria: Gabi Concept
Limited. ISBN 978-35025-6-5.
Week 12: Microphone and Camera Fright.
This lecture will examine the causes and solution to microphone and camera fright as well as
continue the demonstration for types of performance.
Description
First Hour (Theory)
Microphone and camera fright.
First Hour (Practical)
The sports commentator.
Second Hour ( Practical)
The Master of Ceremony.
Third Hour (Practical)
The Disc Jockey
Study Questions
1. What do you understand by the terms microphone?
2. What are the causes of Microphone and camera fright?
3. Differentiate between microphone and camera fright.
4. Rehearsals are very important in any performance. Discuss.
5. Define camera fright.
Reading List
3. Hyde 2, S. (1998). Television and Radio Announcing (8th ed).United States of America:
Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-87540-4.
4. Onabajo 2, O. (2000). Announcing and Performance. Lagos, Nigeria: Gabi Concept
Limited. ISBN 978-35025-6-5.
Week 13: Microphone and Camera Consciousness.
Objectives
The lecture will explain the improper use of microphone and camera in a broadcast presentations
as well as demonstrate their proper usage.
Description
First Hour (Theory)
Microphone and camera consciousness.
First Hour (Practical)
Microphone consciousness.
Second Hour (Practical)
Camera consciousness.
Third Hour (Practical)
On camera movement.
Study Questions
1. What do you understand by the term microphone consciousness?
2. Identify some examples of not being microphone conscious?
3. What is camera consciousness?
4. The camera could be likened to the human eye. Discuss.
5. List and explain some of the camera movements you have learnt in this course?
6. What do you understand by the following:
a. Telegraphing movement and
b. Cheating to the camera.
Reading list
1. Hyde 2, S. (1998). Television and Radio Announcing (8th ed).United States of America:
Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-87540-4.
2. Onabajo 2, O. (2000). Announcing and Performance. Lagos, Nigeria: Gabi Concept
Limited. ISBN 978-35025-6-5.
Week 14: Hand and Time Signals.
Objectives
This lecture will explore and demonstrate the various hand and time signals used in broadcast
performance.
Description
First Hour (Theory)
Hand and time signals.
First Hour (Practical)
Hand signals.
Second Hour (Practical)
Hand signals (cont’d)
Third Hour (Practical)
Time signals
Questions
1. List 8 hand signals you know.
2. What are time signals?
3. Why are time signals important?
4. Explain any two time signals.
5. Differentiate between hand and time signals.
6. State the most important similarity between hand and time signal.
Reading list
1. Onabajo 2, O. (2000). Announcing and Performance. Lagos, Nigeria: Gabi Concept
Limited. ISBN 978-35025-6-5.
Week 15: Revision.
Objectives
This lecture takes a look at what has been taught in the past fourteen weeks. Attempts will be
made to throw more light on issues that demand clarification, entertain opinions and questions in
preparation for exams.
Description
First Hour
Revision.
Second Hour
Revision.
Revision Questions.
1. What is the relevance of voice modulation to contemporary broadcast announcing and
performance?
2. Explain in details the classification of consonants under the following heading:
i. Manner of articulation.
ii. Place of articulation.
3. What are the similarities between hand and time signals?
4. Miss Mojisila Adeyemi has just being employed as an announcer for Kwara TV, Ilorin.
She has been assigned to the News desk. As a broadcast scholar advice her on the
qualities she must possess to aid her delivery of programmes in the station.
5. List the types of performance you know.
6. Illustrate with relevant examples, the different types of talk programmes obtainable in
broadcast performance.
7. Describe the basic time signals used in broadcast programming and what they indicate.
8. What conditions cause microphone or camera fright in broadcast announcing and
performance?
9. What solutions can you suggest to overcome this fright?
10. Why is proper articulation and pronunciation important in broadcast announcing and
performance?
11. Why is a good performance indispensable in broadcasting?
Reading List.
1. Hausman, C., Messere, F. & Benoit P. (2007). Modern Radio Production. Production,
Programming and Performance. (7th ed). Belmont, United States of America:
Thompson Wardsworth, pp. 319-321. ISBN 0-495-05031-8
2. Onabajo 2, O. (2000). Announcing and Performance. Lagos, Nigeria: Gabi Concept
Limited. ISBN 978-35025-6-5.
2
3. Hyde , S. (1998). Television and Radio Announcing (8th ed).United States of America:
Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-87540-4.
Key
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