Warm Up
• What was the Industrial Revolution?
• What caused it?
The Industrial Revolution
Part 1
Before the Revolution
• Since the birth of Civilization, most people
lived and worked in small farming villages.
• By the 1750s, this began to change in
Europe.
• There were 3 factors why.
#1 Revolution in Agriculture
• By the 1750s, many European farmers were
improving their production.
• Causes: a. Crop rotation—changing the crops
around so as not to exhaust the soil.
• b. Jethro Tull’s “Seed Drill.”
• c. Mixing soil.
• d. Enclosure
Enclosure
• In the old days, rich land owners let
peasants live on and farm their land—
these were very small farms.
• But then rich land owners began to kick
the peasants of their land so they could
make real big farms.
• They began putting up fences to keep
people out.
• This was called “ENCLOSURE.”
Effects of Agriculture Revolution
and Enclosure.
• Farms began to produce more and more food,
and become more profitable.
• Could feed more people which led to larger
populations.
• Because of the improved farming methods,
farms needed fewer workers.
• This meant that many peasants now needed to
look for other kinds of work.
• These jobless farm workers began to leave their
farming villages and head to cities to find work.
Review
• What were the 4 causes of the Agricultural
Revolution in Europe in the 1750s?
•
•
•
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
Crop Rotation
Seed Drill
Mixing Soil
Enclosure
Review
• What were the effects of the Agricultural
Revolution?
• More food made with fewer workers.
• Meant that more people could (and
needed to) work at other things.
#2 Population Explosion
• The agricultural revolution created a great
rise in the population of Europe between
1750 – 1800.
• More food meant less famine and
therefore fewer people were dying.
• Also, because women were eating better,
they had healthier babies.
The Effects of #1 and #2 =
• More people are around that are not doing
farm work and therefore can do (and need
to do) other work.
#3 New Technology
• New sources of
power and machines
replace making things
by hand.
• For much of history,
the energy for work
had been provided by
humans and animals.
• New sources of energy and new materials
allowed business owners to change the
way work was done.
New Sources of Energy
water and wind
began to be used.
• (can only be used by
streams and wind is
inconsistent).
Steam Power
• But the big breakthrough
came with steam power
in the 1700s.
• Allowed people to put
factories wherever they
wanted.
• Early steam engines used
coal.
The Steam Engine
• Thomas Newcomen developed a steam
engine.
• In 1769, Socttsman James Watt improved
Newcomen’s engine dramatically.
• Watt’s engines became the key source for
the Industrial Revolution.
Coal and Iron
• Besides being used
as the fuel for steam
engines, coal was
also used to produce
iron.
The 3 factors that contributed to the
Industrial Revolution
• 1. Agricultural Revolution.
• 2. Population Explosion.
• 3. New Technology.
What was the Industrial
Revolution?
• When things began to be made in
factories instead of by hand (and the
source of energy was not human or
animal, but machine).
• Make a graphic organizer of the three
factors for the industrial revolution
– A. Title each factor
– B. Describe each factor
– C. Picture for each factor