Our Agenda
Map Test 3
 Papal succession
 Perforated states
 Boundary concepts
 Regions of South-East Asia

– Insular
– Mainland
Frequency Distribution - Map Test 3
12
Frequency
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Mark out of 20
Frequency Distribution - Map Test 3
30
Means on last 3 tests: 73.3, 82.8, 63.2
25
Frequency
20
15
10
5
0
F
D
D+
C-
C
C+
B-
Letter Grade
B
B+
A-
A
A+
The Holy See (State of the Vatican City)
Population: 921 (2004)
Serenissima Repubblica di
San Marino – 26,100
San Marino
1. Landlocked, smallest
independent state in Europe
after the Holy See and
Monaco
2. Dominated by the Apennines
Boundaries
Definition – textual, as in treaty
 Delimitation- cartographic
 Demarcation-surveyed with
monuments, fences or barriers

Boundaries
 Morphological
classifications
– Geometric
– Physiographic
– Anthropogeographic – cultural landscape
 Genetic
classifications
– Antecedent – typically physiographic
– Subsequent - evolve with cultures
– Superimposed-imposed, geometric
– Relict
Genetic Classifications in Southeast Asia
Regions of South-East Asia

Mainland - Buddhism dominant
–
–
–
–
–

Vietnam
(French Indochina)
Cambodia
”
Laos
”
Thailand (Siam)
Myanmar (Burma)
Insular-Islam & Roman Catholic
–
–
–
–
Malaysia and Singapore and Brunei
Indonesia (Dutch East Indies)
Philippines
Timor-Leste (2002, formerly East Timor
claimed by Indonesia)
Indonesian Archipeligo
Indonesia
Fragmented: 13,000 islands
 Dutch East Indies
 224 million
 Jawa is largest with 125 million
 Largest Muslim population in the world
 Centrifugal pressures

– Achinese – Free Aceh Movement

Jakarta core of Jabotabek
–20 million
 Tsunami
damage
Malaysia
Malaysia

Fragmented - mainland-island

Former British colony

Federation of Malaya broke up in 1965

25.3 million
– Malay – 61%
– Ethnic Chinese – 25%

Rapid economic growth

Pinang - Future Singapore?
– 14 km bridge to mainland
Petronas Twin Towers
– 88 stories
– #2 after Taipei 101
Singapore
City-state, 4th tiger
 Per capita GNP: $24,910
 4.3 million (76 % Chinese)
 Strategic situation
 High technology manufacturing
 Entrepôt
 Regulation

Vietnam
81.9 million people
 French boundaries
 Three regions:

Hué
– Tonkin


Hanoi
Red River Δ
– Cochin China


Ho Chi Minh City
Mekong Δ
– Annam (Hué)
Ho Chi Minh City
 Mekong
River Delta
 Well situated on
Pacific Rim
 Economic
potential??
 Ho Chi Minh City accessible port
–SEZ downstream
 Hanoi
- capital
Vietnam

Symbolic in the West
–
–
–
–
–

Folly of US foreign policy/militarism
About 5 million Vietnamese deaths
60,000 U.S. deaths
Domino Theory
‘Collateral damage’ in Laos and Cambodia
Issues
– Population (81.9 Million)

Doubled since 1975
– Bipolarity


Elongated – Hanoi-Ho Chi Minh City
Communism and liberalization
– Coffee exports
KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA
Mekong River
 Core area in the
interior
 90% Khmer
 Khmer Rouge

– Forced migration
from urban to rural
areas
Vietnam invaded in
1978
 UN sponsored
elections 1993

Cambodia

War and insurgencies
– Vietnam spillover
– 1970 - Military coup
– 1975 - Communist revolution
 Khmer
Rouge Kampuchea
– Invaded by Vietnam in late 1970s
Cambodian Holocaust, 1975-1979
Communist revolution 1975
 2 million Cambodians executed under
Khmer Rouge led by Pol Pot
 Killing Fields
 Why?

– "too educated“
– "not revolutionary enough.“

Land mines as legacy
Caution
http://www.robertsemeniuk.com/LM8.htm
LAOS
Independence 1949
 Lao People’s Democratic
Republic (1975)
 Landlocked
 Population of 5.8 million

– 50% Lao
– 17% urban

Little infrastructure and
industry
– No railways, few roads
Asian transportation
Distinctive cultural
landscape created by U.S.
carpet bombing north of
Viangchen, Laos.
Upper Mekong River,
Xiangkhoang Plateau
(Virtual field trip)
KINGDOM OF THAILAND



63.6 million, slow growth
Thai & Malay in South
Economic growth
– Gulf of Thailand


Fishery
Oil
– Minerals: tin/tungsten
– Manufacturing growth
based on low wages
– Tourism/Sex-tourism/AIDS
– Monetary policy and Pac Rim
downturn
– Bangkok (Venice of Asia)

Chao Phraya & klongs