East Asia 2
Map test
Questions
Review
East Asia
Physical
China
Regions of the Realm - Review
China proper- eastern half; the core
Xizang (Tibet)- high elevation; sparsely
populated
Xinjiang- vast desert basin & mountain rim
Mongolia- a desert, buffer state
Jakota triangle
Japan, South Korea, Taiwan
Rapid economic development
E
A
S
T
A
S
I
A
Physiography and Climate of Chna
Longitudinal extent is comparable to
Canada 75°
Latitudinal range from Northern Quebec
to central Caribbean
Bordered by Pacific and 4 seas,
Mountains: e.g. Kunlun Shan, Himalayas
Steppe and desert
Monsoon Asia
Climate Comparison
Chinese Perspectives
Culture hearth-Huang He – Yellow River
Civilization for over 4,000 years
China as center of the civilized world
Natural protection and isolation
distance
ocean and mountain barriers
COLONIAL
SPHERES
Opium Wars
1842, 1857
Imperial
pressures
Britain
France
Portugal
Germany
Russia
Japan
Extraterritoriality
Doctrine of European international law
‘diplomatic immunity’
Nineteenth century treaty ports, enclaves
e.g. Qingdao
Erosion of Chinese sovereignty
Shanghai
American, British, French Concessions
Canton
China’s Political Map
4 central-government-administered municipalities
Beijing (capital); Tianjin (Bo Hai Gulf); Shanghai
(Chang Jiang); Chongqing (upper Chang Jiang)
5 autonomous regions
Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia); Ningxia Hui;
Xinjiang; Guangxi Zhuang (South); Xizang (Tibet)
22 provinces
Grow in size from east to west
2 Special Administrative Regions
Xianggang (1997 - Hong Kong)
Macau (1999 – Portugese Macao
ETHNIC GROUPS
Han Chinese
Zhuang
Uygur
Hiu
Yi
Tibetan
Miao
Manchu
Mongol
Buyi
Korean
91.9%
8.1%
Communist Revolution
1949 Communists prevail
Soviet style expropriation and collectivization of
agriculture
State-owned enterprise, heavy industry
Great Leap Forward 1958-1960
Economic restructuring: 24,000 rural communes,
brigades, work teams – division of labour
600,000 back yard, charcoal-based steel industry
produced 11 million tonnes of steel
Party cadres apply doctrine and red book
Great Leap Forward 1958-1960
Rapid and sweeping socio-economic
transformation & propaganda
Steel broke, farm machinery fell apart, backyard
furnaces also used too much coal, China’s
railways could not move resources
Too much labour was moved out of agriculture to
increase industrial output
Floods, drought, famine, starvation, disease
20-30 million died
Great Leap Forward 1958-1960
Mao concedes defeat:
“The chaos caused was on a grand scale, and I
take responsibility. Comrades, you must all
analyse your own responsibility. If you have to
fart, fart. You will feel much better for it.”
Private ownership and production was
reinstated
Communes were reduced in size
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
1965-1968
Purge of all educated professionals
Red Guards – youthful gangs oppose elites
Permanent revolution closing schools to
eliminate bourgeois ideas
Labour camps for "re-education“
Millions executed/ or "commited suicide"
Ends with Mao's death in 1976
Deng Xiaoping Era
Liberalized Communist dogma with capitalist
economic practices, “socialist market economy”
Open door policy
Access to foreign science and technology
Permitted students to study abroad
Decentralized decision-making
Restructured agriculture
Created SEZs, Open Cities, Open Coastal Areas
Growth poles
Containment of foreign influence
Languages
World’s oldest active language, Sino-Tibetan
Family.
Spoken dialects not mutually intelligible but
characters are the same.
Kanji – Japanese for Chinese character
Transliteration - Romanji
PINYIN SYSTEM
Language as centripetal force
Adopted in 1958 from northern Mandarin
Standard form of Chinese
Peking→Beijing
Canton→Guangzhou
Chunking→Chongquing
Sinkiang→Xinjiang
Yangtse (regional)→Chang Jiang
PINYIN
System for Romanizing & transliterating Chinese
Chinese
Translation
Bei
Nan
Xi
Dong
Jing
Shan
He
Jiang
south)
North
South
West
East
Capital
Mountain
River (in the north)
River (in the
China’s Population
1.306 billion
Annual rate of natural increase 0.7% (1970s - 3%)
Doubling time: 100 years
Life expectancy: 70 (males), 73 (females)
TFR 1.8 (1997)
Arithmetic density: 353 people/sq mi
Physiological density: 3,524 people/sq mi
Only 10% of the land is arable and 69% of the population
lives on this land
POPULATION DENSITY