Eunice
請訂出這部份的標題
This part will deal with the education methods and ways of communication
between mother and daughter. For humans, the most direct ways of communication
are conversation and body language; the indirect way is writing or leaving messages.
The ways of communication included words and languages, words is silent and while
languages has the sound. However, both of words and languages are used among
Precious Auntie, LuLing and Ruth. Second part is the education methods of between
mother and daughter, such as living, personal secrets, superstition and so on. Then is
whether LuLing and Ruth have been influenced by her mother’s peculiar way of
education or not
(先寫一句主旨句說明這一段的討論重點，不妨點出 LuLing and Precious
Auntie 的溝通方式，後面再說明為何她們必須用不一樣的方式，以及她們有沒有
溝通上的困難) Precious Auntie couldn’t talk anything so she and LuLing had to
communicate by dactylology, body language and facial expression.
“She had no voice, just gasps and wheezes,….. Hand talk, face talk, and chalk talk
were language I grew up with, soundless and storng” (Tan2). (為何 LuLing 對寶姨的
語言有這種感覺 strong？)Although Auntie was voiceless, she could use those mute
methods to teach LuLing the knowledge about dragon bones, and told LuLing how
dragon bones brought good luck to her father and made her family become famous.
However, this kind of voiceless communication affected transmission of message
so that LuLing misunderstood Precious Auntie’s meaning sometimes.(誤解的情況是
從小就開始的，還是長大以後才有的？) The communication (一般的溝通還是
LuLing and Precious Auntie 之間的) had to have voice and body language and facial,
which were complete(這個子句語意不清).
Precious Auntie’s manuscript was a way of communication between Precious
Auntie and LuLing. Between them, the manuscript written by Precious Auntie played
a crucial part because LuLing knew Auntie’s antecedents from it. Therefore, the
manuscript affected LuLing deeply about her perception for Auntie. The manuscript
was a communication tool that could be preserved and read time after time. It was
very important because both LuLing and her daughter could know their mothers’ past
through the manuscript. After LuLing read Auntie’s manuscript, she knew that Auntie
was her real mother; after Ruth read LuLing’s manuscript, she knew why LuLing was
superstitious and named her Ruth.
LuLing’s cognition for the role of mother tended to cause difficulty in
communication and conflicts with Auntie.
Spoken language was not the major way
of communication between Auntie and LuLing, so it was easy to have
misunderstanding and disagreement. For example, Auntie was against LuLing’s
marriage with the Changes, the coffinmaker’s family. LuLing wanted to marry with
coffinmaker’son because she thought she could attain more concern from her
mother(=Precious Auntie?). However, Auntie was against the marriage because
LuLing’ s grandfather and father were killed by the coffinmaker. LuLing expected to
marry into a prestigious family, but for Auntie the Changes were evil so that it caused
a severe conflict between the mother(=Precious Auntie?GaoLing’s mother) and the
daughter and resulted in Precious Auntie’s suicide. The misunderstanding was caused
by LuLing’s cognition for mother’s role. LuLing thought Precious Auntie was just her
babysitter, not her mother, so Precious Auntie shouldn’t interfere with her marriage. In
general, most people could use their voice to communicate with their mother, but we
still had conflicts with our mother even more than between Auntie and LuLing. If
Precious Auntie had voice maybe Precious Auntie and LuLing wouldn’t have the
conflict.(這兩句話互相矛盾，建議刪掉。或許可以補充說明 Amy Tan 對這種無聲
的溝通有何看法？如果僅透過文字，會不會因為對方主觀拒絕閱讀，而無法達到
良好的雙向溝通，因而造成遺憾？)
(下一段講的是 Ruth 受傷之後的溝通方式，所以這段應該先描述受傷之前的
溝通方式，這樣才能比較兩者的差異)LuLing and Ruth used to communicate in
spoken language.
Although LuLing had lived in America for a long time, her
English did not improve, neither pronunciation nor vocabulary. Therefore, she used to
communicate with her daughter in poor English. Ruth always had to worry and help
her mother with many affairs. For instance, LuLing had once devoted to her yard,
watered and cut quickset by herself, and complained the neighbor’s dog across the
stress to urinate in front of her place. LuLing then asked Ruth to tell the neighbor not
to let their dog do such things again. LuLing always nagged on similar things and
Ruth’s laziness. (在 Ruth 可以講話的時候，LuLing 是不是像一個權威十足的母
親，用語言控制 Ruth, 而 Ruth 只能接受)
After Ruth got hurt, the communication method was changed between Ruth and
LuLing. The second-generation mother and daughter communicated through writing.
Once Ruth crashed her face, bit her lip, bumped her nose even broke her arm in an
accident. For this reason, writing words on the miniature beach(第一次出現，讀者可
能不知道指的是什麼東西) became a significant way of communication between
LuLing and Ruth. But after she (who?) got hurt, she found her mother looked after her
carefully. However, she was afraid to go back past life as usual; therefore, she
sometimes pretended to be sick and unable to speak. Naturally, when LuLing found
that her daughter couldn’t speak, she thought of Auntie.(LuLing 受傷之後的溝通方
式和 Precious Auntie 以前的溝通方式一樣嗎？)
LuLing thought she(who?) could
communicate with departed Auntie through Ruth, because LuLing was filled with a
sense of guilt to Precious Auntie. As a result, when Ruth made requests by writing
down her own opinions on the miniature beach., LuLing only accepted them. In other
words, Ruth expressed her own thoughts to her mother in the name of Auntie.
The brand-new way of communication between LuLing and Ruth made LuLing care
about Ruth’s words very much. At the same time, Ruth also perceived her mother had
been changed because she became channel between her grandmother and mother.
Such a change unexpectedly made the relationship between LuLing and Ruth become
more harmonious.
Both Auntie and Ruth relied on written words to communicate when they
couldn’t speak to their own daughter and mother. Although, they used the same way,
they finally had totally different results. Auntie lost her speaking ability, so that it
caused a gap between Auntie and LuLing. In an accident, Auntie lost her fiance and
she became a widow; therefore she wanted to commit suicide but she failed and lost
her voice. Due to this tragedy, she couldn’t be LuLing’s mother and could not
communicate with LuLing in the most direct way so that their mother-daughter
relationship became worse as LuLing grew up. More importantly, LuLing lost her
trust in Auntie because LuLing thought Auntie was not her mother but a maid, who
is not qualified to interfere with her marriage. Consequently, a gap was caused.(後面
的句子和前面的重覆，已經刪掉了!)
Auntie educated LuLing in a traditional way. Auntie would help all things and
prepared well for LuLing’s living as general Chinese parents, such as taking a bath,
telling LuLing what she should eat and what she shouldn’t. For instance, Auntie
wouldn’t let LuLing go to Beijing alone since Auntie worried LuLing might have
danger on the way to Beijing. Auntie was like most of Chinese parents who thought
children needed parents to stand by their side, otherwise, they couldn’t do anything
well.
Auntie taught LuLing many Chinese traditions. Auntie educated LuLing about
the dragon bones and skull were an only way of communication between the
descendants and ancestors. Descendants could know ancestors’ life or wisdom
through the cultural heritage, for example, why ancestors recorded those words.
Auntie told LuLing superstition that separating head from body would bring
misfortune. Dragon bones and superstition were the origin of all matters.
After having the conflict with Auntie, LuLing remembered a truth which Auntie
taught her. Auntie taught LuLing that if she did something in a hurry or quick way,
she might spoil it suck as ink; if you didn’t work hard, you wouldn’t success; if you
wrote without thinking your essay would be at sixes and sevens. This is the reason
why，Auntie told LuLing that LuLing had to think why I wrote the word when she
was writing.(改寫引文時請注意人稱的轉換)
Ruth thought she was an American, but LuLing educated Ruth in the Chinese
way. Generally, Chinese parents thought the children should follow parents' advice, so
children shouldn’t have their own opinions. The parents would teach their own
children by their own behavior and ask their children to accept the principles. Like
most Chinese parents, LuLing concerned about Ruth’s schoolwork, so LuLing
wouldn’t ask Ruth to help when Ruth was reading. LuLing also asked Ruth to learn
Chinese and forbade Ruth from smoking. When Ruth brought up some ideas, LuLing
thought Ruth was not obedient and then she threatened to commit suicide. In addition,
LuLing peeped Ruth’s diary because LuLing thought mother and daughter shouldn’t
have any secrets; LuLing peeped Ruth’s diary but she didn’t admit because Chinese
parents wouldn’t admit they are worse to their own children. Chinese parents thought
children were their property so parents should know all things about their children.
But Ruth was born in America, so she couldn’t accept it. Although LuLing was eager
to know Ruth’s secrets, Ruth protested for her own privacy. Ruth thought she was an
American and she should have her own secrets and pursue delights which she wanted.
LuLing always wanted Ruth to learn Chinese very well. LuLing hoped Ruth
learned it because there were different meanings such as Ruth’s name, ‘Bao bomu’
and ‘Bao Mu’(這些是什麼？) and history in each word of Chinese. More importantly,
LuLin hoped Ruth could read her grandmother and mother’s manuscripts by herself.
Learning Chinese could help Ruth understand Chinese culture but also know her
grandmother and mothers’ stories because between mother and daughter most direct
and effective method was Chinese. Chinese culture accompanied language and words
as well as affected personal and group sense. It was the only way that people learnt
Chinese to avoid to lose Chinese culture. Each Chinese should can write and reading
Chinese so that inheritance. That’s why LuLing always asked Ruth had to study hard
on her schoolwork and learn Chinese; hoping Ruth also became a real Chinese. (後面
這幾句話有些雜亂，或許可以更清楚說明，為何 LuLing 認為如果女兒看得懂中
文，才能真正了解母親)
我的建議：
1. 藍色的部分表示已修正過，請自行比對原稿看看兩者的差異，紅色則表示需
要你自己修改，括弧裡面是我想請你再思考的方向。
2. 可以集中討論寶姨如何透過無聲的方式和 Luling 溝通，這種溝通方式一開始
並沒有問題，所以不妨多舉些例子證明兩個人的溝通良好。下一段再討論無聲的
溝通方式何時開始產生問題，以及為何會產生問題。