CHAPTER 3
Logistics and Information
Technology
Four Learning Objectives
 To appreciate the importance of effective and
efficient utilization of information for logistics
management
 To learn about general types of information
systems and their logistical applications
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 To understand the impact of electronic commerce
on channel design
 To understand key differences between the
logistics of e-fulfillment and the logistics of
traditional fulfillment
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12 Key Terms
 Application service
providers (ASP)
 Artificial
intelligence (AI)
 Data mining
 Decision support
system (DSS)
 E-fulfillment(電子履單)
 Electronic data
interchange (EDI)
 Enterprise resource
planning (ERP)
system
 Logistics
exchanges(物流交換
網站)
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 Logistics
information
system (LIS)
 Office automation
system
 Simulation
 Transaction
processing system
(TPS)
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contents
 3.1 General Types of Information
Management Systems常見的資訊系統
 3.2 Electronic Commerce and Logistics
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Benefits of Effective and
Efficient Use of Information
 Replacement of inventory with information
 Reduced variability in the supply chain
 Better coordination of manufacturing, marketing,
and distribution
 Streamlined(簡化) order processing and reduced
lead-times(前置時間)
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 Data: 事實、某些現象之記錄
 Information: 協助決策之大量事實
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3.1 General Types of Information
Management Systems
 有六種，如後圖
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Figure 3-1:
General
Types of
Information
Management
Systems
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 Office automation system (OAS)
 Process personal and organizational business data
 Perform calculations
 Create(建立) documents……Ex: MS office software
package
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 Communication system
 Help stakeholders work together by interacting and
sharing information
 Examples of use:
 Virtual meetings
 Video conferencing using cell phones (2001後)
 Voice-based order picking (聲控揀貨: 2002後)…員工周轉率
下降！
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 Transaction Processing System (TPS)
 Collects and stores information about transactions
 Efficient processing of transactions
 Real-time processing
 Batch processing……成本低、較易處理
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 Electronic data interchange (EDI)
 Benefits：減少運輸錯誤、減少退貨等
 Drawbacks：缺乏標準格式、電腦軟、硬體不相容性
 Global usage：American National Standards Institute
（ ANSI）和EDIFACT ( Electronic Data Interchange For
Administration Commerce and Transport)兩全球知名機構
已同意進行XML (extensible markup language可擴展標記語
言)專案，如ebXML組織
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 Automatic identification technologies
Types:
 Optical character(文字) recognition
 Machine vision（視覺）
 Voice-data entry
 Radio-frequency identification
 Magnetic strips（磁條）
 Bar code scanners
 傳統的十二碼universal product code (UPC、通用產品代碼)適用於以
包裝為單位之品，無法提供以重量為單位之品所需的細節，因此發展新
的reduced space symbology (RSS、縮減碼型)，以便記錄更多資料
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 Point-of-sale systems (POS) enhance decision
making
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 Management Information System (MIS) and
Executive Information System (EIS)
 Convert data into information
 Logistics information system (LIS): the people,
equipment, and procedures to gather, sort, analyze,
evaluate, and distribute needed, timely, and
accurate information to logistics decision makers.如後
圖
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Figure 3-2: Structure and Function of
a Logistics Information System
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 Garbage in/ garbage out=GIGO＝＝＝>若資
訊錯誤、將導致物流人員決策錯誤
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 Decision Support Systems (DSS) provide information,
models, or analysis tools
較重要之四種：
 Simulation：常以線性方程式表示、測試改變的可行性
 Artificial Intelligence (AI)：如neural networks and fuzzy
logic and expert systems
 Application specific software：如SCM, TMS, WMS。廠商
有i2 technology智佳科技、SAP思愛普、JDA/Manugistics、
Manhattan Associates
 Data mining：如：某些商品周轉較慢……客戶卻為採購金
額較高之家庭！
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Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
 All company functional areas use a common
database to:
 Standardize manufacturing processes
 Integrate financial data
 Standardize human resource data
 Shortcomings
 Costs of installation
 Time-consuming installation process
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 廠商有：J.D. Edwards, Peoplesoft(仁科) [上
述二家已併入甲骨文], Baan [併入Infor]
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3.2Electronic Commerce and
Logistics
 Internet impacts include:
 Logistics functions: 使用量最高為：
 Transportation
 Order management
 Channel design
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 Intermediaries (物流中介商)
 4 categories of logistics exchanges




Enhancing procurement services
Matching shippers (貨主)and carriers
Executing relevant transactions
Transacting with partners………….Ex: Nistevo [已併入Sterling
Commerce]
 Application service providers (ASP) provide access over the
Internet to applications and related services (that would
otherwise have to be located in enterprise computers).
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 E-Fulfillment is the coordinated inbound and
outbound logistics functions that facilitate the
management and delivery of customer orders
placed online.
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兩者比較…
 E-fulfillment
 Many logistical functions
and activities occur
 More, smaller orders
 Order management and
information management
systems must handle
large volumes of orders
 Smaller orders dictate
open-case picking
 Traditional Fulfillment
 Many logistical functions
and activities occur
 Fewer, larger orders
 Order management
system is set up to
handle orders from
resellers, not consumers
 Full-case picking
 Warehouse set up to
handle large volume
orders
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 E-fulfillment
 Products slotted to
facilitate picking smaller
orders
 Totes(運送帶) and push
carts used
 Packaging is small
cartons(紙板箱),
envelopes, bags suited
to holding small
quantities
 Traditional Fulfillment
 Warehouse set up to
handle large volume
orders
 Variety of materials
handling equipment used
 Packaging generally
cartons that hold large
volume orders
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 E-fulfillment
 Transportation
companies used with
extensive delivery
networks; experience in
parcel shipments
 Outbound shipments
usually picked up by
vans
 Return rates much higher
and from ultimate
consumers
 Traditional Fulfillment
 Transportation methods
and companies vary by
request of buyer
 Outbound shipments
may be picked up by
tractor trailers or railcars
 Return rates lower and
from resellers
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