分詞構句（Participial Construction）
◎定義：兼具形容詞片語和副詞子句的性質，而用以修飾句中主詞和動詞的分詞片語，就叫做
分詞構句。
◎說明：一、分詞構句多在文言文中使用。
二、分詞構句的作用等於「連接詞+主詞+動詞」。
三、分詞構句通常置於句首。
四、在分詞構句和主要子句之間，須加逗號。
五、在分詞構句如其意義上的主詞和主要子句的主詞相同時，須將其省略，
◎類型：一、表時間-------1. When he arrived at the station, he found the train had left already.
－－＞
2. While she was walking along the street, she met Mr. A.
－－＞
3. After I had finished my work, I went home.
－－＞
※注意：1.分詞構句所表示的時間，如和主要子句一致時，須用現在分詞。
2.分詞構句所表示的時間，如先於主要子句時，則須用完成分詞。
二、表理由或原因-------1. As he is a good student, he is liked by all the teachers.
－－＞
2. As I was poor, I could not afford to buy books.
－－＞
3. As I had nothing to do, I went out for a walk.
－－＞
4. As she didn’t know what to do, she began crying.
－－＞
5. As we live a long way from town, we rarely have visitors.
－－＞
6. As she has lived in England for many years, she can speak English very well.
－－＞
7. As they had lived in China for many years, they could speak Chinese very well.
－－＞
三、表條件-------1. If you turn to the right, you will find the post office on the left.
－－＞
2. If you come over my house, I will tell you the truth.
－－＞
四、表讓步-------1. Though I admit what you say, I still think that you are wrong.
－－＞
2. Though you are a pretty girl, I don’t love you at all.
－－＞
五、表附帶情況-------1. He went out of the room, and sang a sing.
－－＞
2. I stood there, and waited for her.
－－＞
3. She wrote to her brother, and begged him to call on Mr. A.
－－＞
4. The train left Taipei at 09:00 p.m., and reached Kaohsiung next morning.
－－＞
◎重點：一、分詞構句中，過去分詞之前的 Being 和 Having been 可以省略。
1. As he was tired with his work, he went to bed early.
－－＞
－－＞
2. As the book has been written in haste, the book has some faults.
－－＞
－－＞
二、分詞構句中，如其意義上的主詞和主要子句的不同，則須在分詞前面加上主詞
而不可省略，此類分詞片語特稱之為獨立分詞構句。
1. As school was over, they went home.
－－＞
2. As the moon has risen, we put out the light.
－－＞
三、分詞構句通常不加連接詞，但有時為使分詞片語與主要子句的關係更為清楚，亦
可在分詞片語前加上連接詞。
1. Though I live near his house, I seldom see him.
－－＞
－－＞
2. While he fighted in Korea, he was taken prisoner.
－－＞
－－＞
四、在分詞構句中，主要子句和分詞構句的主詞 不可以脫節。
Looking up, an airplane was seen.（ ）
Looking up, I saw an airplane.（ ）
五、常見的獨立分詞片語：Generally speaking~~ 一般來說~~
Strictly speaking~~
嚴格來說~~
Judging from~~
由~~判斷~~
Considering~~
就~~而論~~
Speaking of~~
說到~~
Talking of~~
談到~~
Ex:
Exercises for Participles
（一）選擇題：
1.
（A.Hear B.Hearing C.Heard）the sound, I looked out of the window.
2.
3.
4.
5.
（A.Be B.Being C.Been）tired with the work, I sat down to rest.
（A.Finishing B.Finished C.Having finished）his work, he left the office.
The boy,（A.losing B.lost C.having lost）his bicycle, had to walk to school.
The book,（A.writing B.written C.having written）in simple English, is suitable
for beginners.
（二）改為分詞構句：
1. I ran to the station, and arrived just in time for the train
＝ I ran to the station,
just in time for the train.
2. He turned to me, and asked me a hard question.
＝ He turned to me,
me a hard question.
3. He is very poor, so he can’t go to the university.
＝
very poor, he can’t go to the university.
4. She found no one at home and left the house in a bad temper.
＝
no one at home,
left the house in a bad temper.
5. When I turned on the light, I was astonished at what I saw.
＝
on the light, I was astonished at what I saw.
6. I have done my work, and have nothing to do now.
＝
my work,
have nothing to do now.
7. As I had nothing to do, I went to the movies.
＝
nothing to do, I went to the movies.
8. As he was ill, he did not go.
＝
ill, he did not go.
9. He had spent all his money, and had to stay at home.
＝
all his money,
had to stay at home.
10.The vacation was over, and the students came back to school.
＝
over, the students came back to school.
（三）句子改寫
1. Because I did not hear from him, I tried to get in touch with him.
－＞
2. When we arrived at the station, we found they were waiting for us.
－＞
3. Because I did not know how to solve the problem, I telephoned my teacher.
－＞
4. Even if I grant what she said is true, I still can’t trust her.
－＞
5. When the little boy was left to herself, he began to cry.
－＞
6. When he had finished his work, he went to bed.
－＞
間接問句
◎定義：在句子中，疑問詞引導從屬（附屬）子句者，即稱為間接問句。
◎說明：一、在間接問句中，從屬（附屬）子句的主詞和動詞的位置與肯定句相同。
二、直接問句中所使用之 do, does, did 等助動詞，在間接問句中不再需要。
三、直接問句改為間接問句後，不再使用原有之問號。
四、從屬（附屬）子句之動詞與原直接問句之動詞的時態須一致。
◎句型：一、
主要子句
從屬（附屬）子句
二、
三、
I don’t know
I wonder
Ask him
Tell me
Nobody knows
who he is.
what they are.
who knows it.
who came yesterday.
whom I love.
I know
whom he gave it to.
Do you understand
what I mean?
Will you tell me
Do you know
Can you tell me
which you like?
who he is?
which he wants?
疑問詞
Who
Who
插入子句
do you think
do you guess
主詞 + 動詞
he is?
she was?
What
does he think
they are?
What
does he say
he gave her?
What
do you think
has happened?
Which
do you suppose
he likes?
四、疑問詞+不定詞（to~）＝（表疑問的）名詞片語
Ex: 1.I don’t know what to do.＝I don’t know what I should do.
2.He couldn’t remember which way to go.
＝He couldn’t remember which way he had to go.
3.She’ll tell you whom to ask.＝She’ll tell you whom you should ask.
4.Tell me which to take.＝
5.I don’t know how to make it.＝
6.I’ll tell you where to go.＝
7.Ask him when to leave.＝
附加問句
◎定義：附加在敘述句之句尾，以徵求對方意見的簡單問句即稱為附加問句。
◎說明：一、附加問句的主詞和敘述句的主詞須一致。
敘述句如用名詞或代名詞作主詞時，附加問句的主詞須用相符之人稱代名詞。
二、附加問句的動詞和敘述句的動詞其時式須一致。
1. 敘述句的動詞如用 is, can, will…..等時，附加問句的動詞亦須用同一個。
2. 敘述句的動詞如用一般動詞時，附加問句的動詞則用 do, does, did。
三、附加問句之動詞須用簡縮字。
◎ Ex： You are a student, aren’t you?
He is living here, isn’t he?
Mary was there, wasn’t she?
Tomorrow is Sunday, isn’t it?
There’s an apple on the table, isn’t there?
You have a pen, haven’t you?
John and Bill have read it, haven’t they?
Mr. A has been to Japan, hasn’t he?
We had better stay, hadn’t we?
They will come, won’t they?
You would like to come, wouldn’t you?
Peter can swim, can’t he?
She may pick some flowers, mayn’t she?
They must come again, needen’t they?
You know him, don’t you?
John likes her, doesn’t he?
Mary came yesterday, didn’t she?
He used to come on Sunday, didn’t he?
You aren’t a baby, are you?
I’m not so fat as you, am I?
It isn’t cold today, is it?
There is nothing in the box, is there?
There were not many people present, were there?
They haven’t arrived yet, have they?
You shouldn’t drive so fast, should you?
You needn’t go home yet, need you?
They don’t know him, do they?
He doesn’t live in Taipei, does he?
She didn’t come yesterday, did she?
You don’t have to go, do you?
◎ Add a tag-question to each of the following sentences：
1. Mary is beautiful,
?
2. You’re coming tomorrow,
?
3. Bob and Tom aren’t good boys,
?
4. You were happy,
?
5. It’s not very hot today,
?
6. That is your bicycle,
?
7. Yesterday was Wednesday,
?
8. There is not much time left,
?
9. There are thirty days in June,
?
10.You know his name,
?
11.John speaks French,
12.They always work hard,
13.You broke the window,
?
?
?
14.Betty sang well,
?
15.You don’t go every day,
16.I did not hurt you,
?
17.Your sister doesn’t want to go,
18.You have a lot of books,
19.He has his lunch at one o’clock,
20.They have heard about it,
?
?
?
?
?
21.Your father has not been to Japan,
?
22.She hadn’t met you before,
?
23.You had better do it,
?
24.We shall meet again next week,
?
25.You’ll lend me your dictionary,
?
26.Mr. Smith won’t be here,
?
27.You shouldn’t smoke,
?
28.We should think before we speak,
?
29.Your uncle can speak English,
?
30.The Taylors couldn’t get it,
31.Tom may come,
32.They might be there,
33.We must go now,
34.He needn’t come tomorrow,
35.You ought to visit him,
36.Have a cup of hot coffee,
37.Let’s go swimming,
38.Don’t do that again,
39.Be quiet,
?
40.Let us go to a movie,
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?