• Prefixes
• Suffixes
• Compound words, ex: telephone
number, bookshop
• Collocation (words that occur
together), ex: black tea, heavy rain
• Idioms are a kind of fixed
expression as they can’t be changed
• Synonyms (words with the same or
similar meanings)
• Antonyms (words with opposite
meanings),
• Lexical sets (groups of words that
belong to the same topic area), ex:
family, furniture, food.
• Word family, ex: real, really,
realistic, unreal
• False friends (they are words which have
the same of a similar form in two
languages but a different meaning)
• Homophones (words with the same
pronunciation but different meaning or
spelling)
• Homonyms (words with the same
spelling but different meaning)
• Varieties of English