SSWM Implementation Tools
Michael Kropac, seecon international gmbh
SSWM Implementation Tools
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Copyright & Disclaimer
Copy it, adapt it, use it – but acknowledge the source!
Copyright
Included in the SSWM Toolbox are materials from various organisations and sources. Those materials are open source. Following the opensource concept for capacity building and non-profit use, copying and adapting is allowed provided proper acknowledgement of the source
is made (see below). The publication of these materials in the SSWM Toolbox does not alter any existing copyrights. Material published in
the SSWM Toolbox for the first time follows the same open-source concept, with all rights remaining with the original authors or producing
organisations.
To view an official copy of the the Creative Commons Attribution Works 3.0 Unported License we build upon, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0. This agreement officially states that:
You are free to:
• Share - to copy, distribute and transmit this document
• Remix - to adapt this document. We would appreciate receiving a copy of any changes that you have made to improve this
document.
Under the following conditions:
• Attribution: You must always give the original authors or publishing agencies credit for the document or picture you are using.
Disclaimer
The contents of the SSWM Toolbox reflect the opinions of the respective authors and not necessarily the official opinion of the funding or
supporting partner organisations.
Depending on the initial situations and respective local circumstances, there is no guarantee that single measures described in the toolbox
will make the local water and sanitation system more sustainable. The main aim of the SSWM Toolbox is to be a reference tool to provide
ideas for improving the local water and sanitation situation in a sustainable manner. Results depend largely on the respective situation
and the implementation and combination of the measures described. An in-depth analysis of respective advantages and disadvantages and
the suitability of the measure is necessary in every single case. We do not assume any responsibility for and make no warranty with
respect to the results that may be obtained from the use of the information provided.
SSWM Implementation Tools
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Contents
1. Implementation Tools
2. Hardware
3. Software
A) Awareness Raising Tools
B) Command & Control Tools
C) Economic Tools
D) Creating an Enabling Environment
4. References
SSWM Implementation Tools
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1. Implementation Tools
SSWM Implementation Tools give a concrete and specific
answer to the main question:
How can I optimize my local water
management and sanitation system and
make it more sustainable?
= „What can I do?“
SSWM Implementation Tools
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1. Implementation Tools…
...can be technical (Hardware) as well as economic, political and
social tools (Software).
Seven overarching themes include a large number of different tools to:
• Water Sources
Management
• Water Purification
• Water Distribution
• Water and Nutrient Use
• Wastewater Collection
• Wastewater Treatment
• Reuse and Recharge of
Nutrients and Water
Source: www.sswm.info
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2. Hardware
Hardwares are…
… technical tools to optimize your water and nutrient cycle
… they answer questions like:
？What technology options exist?
Save Water !
？How can I design and built
them?
Save Energy !
？In which context are they
applicable?
Save Money !
？Can I built them on my own?
Save Nutrients!
？How much do they cost?
Source: www.sswm.info
？How do I maintain and operate
them?
？Etc, etc, etc, etc, etc, etc…
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2. Hardware
Hardwares are…
… technical tools to optimize your water and nutrient cycle
Source: www.sswm.info
SSWM Implementation Tools
•
These are physical solutions that you can
see and touch with your hands such as
water filters, toilets, treatment systems or
technologies to recycle water and
nutrients.
•
Usually, you will nee a combination of
different hardware and software tools to
really make a sustainable impact.
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3. Software
Why software tools?...
Source: http://www.wsp.org/userfiles/image/2009_JUL.jpg [Accessed: 23.03.2010]
… because hardware is not enough!
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3. Software
Softwares are…
… are instruments and set-ups with aim to change the behaviour and
attitudes of different actors
•
Software tools are a bit "fuzzy", as one
cannot really see or touch them.
•
Software tools can also be implemented
without combining them with hardware
tools.
•
Software tools are divided into four
different groups
Source: www.sswm.info
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3. Software
What are Software Tools?
The SSWM Software Tools are divided into four groups:
SSWM Implementation Tools
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A) Awareness Raising Tools
... because people pursue goals in accordance with their values and
knowledge.
Different types of information, education and communication
instruments used to initiate behavioural change and to stimulate social
pressure towards a more sustainable use of water resources.
Tools:
•Media campaigns
•Advocacy to influence leaders
•Empower young people as promoters
•School campaigns
Etc.
Source: http://portal.worldwaterforum5.org/wwf5/enus/Lists/Kyoto%20Prize%20Application%20Form/Attachme
nts/68/Tankaposter-%20poster%20guj.jpg [Accessed:
23.03.2010]
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A) Awareness Raising Tools
Example: Advocacy
Advocacy is the action of delivering an argument to gain commitment
from political and social leaders and to prepare a society for a
particular issue.
Influencing and involving important leaders, because political support
together with support from community leaders and religious leaders can
give a water-related project or campaign a powerful boost.
Political support: The mayor of
Mymensingh Pourashava has supported the
Malgudam community to create a
demonstration plot for using toilet bags
as fertilizer.
Source: http://www.pseau.org/gif/couv_gtz_ecosan_newsletter.gif
SSWM Implementation Tools
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B) Command & Control Tools
… because people want to avoid the penalties for non-compliance.
Direct regulations which government bodies can establish so water
users as well as services providers are obliged to comply.
Tools:
• Prohibitions
• Restrictions
• Permits
• Standards
• Etc.
SSWM Implementation Tools
Source: http://themoderatevoice.com/wordpressengine/files/2008_july/Stop_Sign.jpg [Accessed: 23.03.2010]
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B) Command & Control Tools
Example: Water Restrictions in Water Use
Restrictions, rationing or full prohibitions are legal tools that have a
direct impact on the forms of conduct.
In water use restrictions, public authorities or independent regulatory
agencies establish restrictions and bans that water users and provides
are obliged to follow.
Water Policeman in Australia controlling
that water is properly used.
Source: http://www.ballardian.com/images/water_police.jpg
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B) Command & Control Tools
Example: Australia drought Stages Planning
Stage
Reticulation
sprinklers:
1
2
3
4
5
Daily
Alter
nate
days
3
times/
week
Twice
weekly
Once
weekly
Sprinkler
times:
Before 9.00am or after 6.00pm
Hose watering
of gardens:
Any time
Swimming
pools:
Car washing:
No
restriction
No overfilling
No restriction
6
7
No sprinklers
No hose
watering
No topping-up
No filling
Bucket only
Different concrete stages of water restrictions which can currently be applied in Western Australia
Source: http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/wa/consol_reg/waub2007297/sch2.html Accessed: 08.06.2010]
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B) Command & Control Tools
Example: Water Restrictions in Water Use
Restrictions are a “quick-fix” and not a tool that guarantees a
sustainable use of water in the long run Restrictions are a “quickfix” and not a tool that guarantees a sustainable use of water in the
long run.
Water use restrictions should be regarded as a last resort tool that
can be applied in critical situations
Awareness raising campaign on TV in Sydney,
watering before 10 am.
Source: http://www.sydneywater.com.au/Water4Life/WaterWise/ Accessed:
08.06.2010]
SSWM Implementation Tools
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C) Economic Tools
…. because people want to achieve maximal benefit at minimal cost.
Involve the use of prices and other market-based instruments to
provide incentives to consumers and all water users to change
behaviour.
Tools:
• Water pricing (tariffs)
• Subsidies
• Charges (irrigation, wastewater)
• Tradable water rights
• Etc.
Source: http://www.wsp.org/userfiles/image/november2002.jpg [Accessed: 23.03.2010]
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C) Economic Tools
Example: Subsidies
A subsidy, also known as a subvention, is a form of financial assistance
paid to an individual, a business or an economic sector in order to
achieve certain policy objectives. (WSSCC 2009)
Subsidies are usually implemented by public authorities but in
developing countries non-governmental organizations also implement
subsidies.
A typical subsidy is the subvention
from governments to big farmers.
Source: http://rothroad.blogspot.com/2009/02/comicfarm-subsidies.html [Accessed: 08.06.2010]
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D) Creating an Enabling Environment
… because you need a sound framework to establish a sustainable
water and sanitation management strategy.
These tools are the necessary preconditions for a successful
implementation of the other tools.
Tools:
• Policies and legal framework requirements
• Building an institutional framework
• Developing human resources
• Etc.
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D) Creating an Enabling Environment
Example: Building an Institutional Framework
An institutional framework for SSWM consists of a range of different
organisations that are in place (or need to be in place) to develop and
manage water resources and the delivery of water and sanitation
services, at different levels of society. (GWP 2008)
Policy
Formulation
Flood Control
and Risk
Mitigation
Allocation and
Supply of Water
Education and
Awareness
Raising
Networking,
Information
Exchange
Conservation
and Protection
SSWM
Regulation,
Control and
Enforcement
Surveillance
and Monitoring
SSWM Implementation Tools
Adjudication
Water
Treatment and
Reuse
Pollution
Control
Wastewater
Collection
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D) Creating an Enabling Environment
Building an Institutional Framework: Regulatory Bodies and
Enforcement Agencies
(GWP 2008)
Functions include:
Allocation of water rights, ensuring water quality,
monitoring, etc.
Setting prices and performance standards for service
providers
Tools for enforcement: Fines, taxes, penalties,
withdrawal of permits and licences etc.
The legitimacy of the regulatory body is critical in
ensuring compliance.
SSWM Implementation Tools
Source: https://www.adultsfancydress.co.uk/scripts/prodView.asp?idproduct=47249
Extremely important role in establishing and ensuring the
effective application of other tools.
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4. References
GWP (2008). Toolbox. Integrated Water Resource Management. Global Water Partnership (GWP). URL:
http://www.gwptoolbox.org/ [Accessed: 21.09.2010]
WSSCC (2009): Public Funding for Sanitation. The Many Faces of Sanitation Subsidies. Geneva: Water
Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC). URL:
http://www.wsscc.org/fileadmin/files/pdf/publication/Public_Funding_for_Sanitation_the_many
_faces_of_sanitation_subsidies.pdf [Accessed 21.09.2010]
SSWM Implementation Tools
“Linking up Sustainable Sanitation,
Water Management & Agriculture”
SSWM is an initiative
supported by:
Compiled by:
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