 80% of American women have a child by age 45
 64% of women 15-44 are on contraceptives

 Emory University
 http://www.emory.edu/WHSC/MED/FAMPLAN
/choices.html

 Oral sex
 Anal intercourse
 It can be a viable form of birth control

It is not “safe sex” you can still get STD.s

Who is likely to use contraception ineffectively?
 People who feel guilty about sex

Oral contraceptives
 Advantages
 Very effective (99%+)
 Increase spontaniety and enjoyment
 Risks are much lower than pregnancy
 Disadvantages
 Decrease sexual motivation
 Water weight gain
 Problems with blood clots (in some users)

Types of pills
 Constant dose combination pill
 Most common
 Multiphasic pill
 Both types prevent conception by inhibiting ovulation
 Mini pill
 Progestin only

Danger signs for pill users =
ACHES





A bdominal pain
C hest Pain
 Heart attack
H eadaches
E ye problems
 Blurred vision


Light flashes
Blindness
S evere leg pain
 Blood clot in leg

The patch




Estrogen and progestin
1 patch a week for 3 weeks on & 1 week off
99% effective (similar to pill)
Prevent ovulation
Increase cervical mucus

Intrauterine Device - IUD
 Danger signs = PAINS
 P eriod late or no period
 A bdominal pain
 I ncreased temperature, fever, chills
 N asty discharge
 Foul smelling
 S potting, bleeding, heavy periods, clots

IUD effectiveness due to:
 Copper
 Progesterone
 Irritation in uterus
 Makes implantation unlikely

IUD in uterus

Male Condoms
 With Nonoxynol-9
 Additional protection against STD’s
 How to use

Female condoms

Diaphragm
 One of the least effective birth control methods

Cervical cap

Spermicide

Depo-Provera
 Progestin only
 Injection
 Once every 12 weeks (3months)

Emergency contraception
 High dose of estrogens or progestins

Contraceptive patch for women
 http://www.orthoevra.com/about_ortho_evr a/about_ortho_evra.html

Norplant Implants
 Progestin only
 Best for a woman who smokes cigarettes, has high blood pressure, is forgetful, and likes spontaneous sex
 Legal problems (several law suits filed against this product)

Basal Body Temp.
(Rhythm Method)

What is the leading method of birth control in the United
States?
 Sterilization

Male sterilization
(Vasectomy)

Vasectomy reversal
 http://www.vasectomy.com/general/index.a
sp

Female sterilization

Female Sterilization (Cont.)

Seasonale
 4 periods a year
 Low-dose estrogen and progestin
 12 weeks of active pills + 1 week of dummy pills
 Twice the risk of
“breakthrough” bleeding

Seasonale (Cont.)
 Pill - similar to other pills with hormones
 84 pink hormone pills and 7 white inactive pills
 Withdrawal bleeding should occur during the 7 days following discontinuation of pink active tablets.
 One period every three month.

NuvaRing





Estrogen hormone ring
Insert in vagina
Worn 3 out of 4 weeks
Position not critical
Low dose hormone = low side effects