Which of the following does the
general framework for
analyzing pollution control not
allow us to do?
Compare efficient and cost-effective
allocations to market allocations.
Define efficient and cost-effective
allocations for a variety of pollutant
types.
Demonstrate how efficiency and costeffectiveness can be used to formulate
desirable policy responses.
Define the level of pollutant flow that
will simultaneously provide the highest
benefit to producers, consumers, and
society.
Which of the following provides the correct definition for
pollutants?
A fund pollutant is one in which the environment has little or no
absorptive capacity.
A stock pollutant is one in which the damage is experienced near the
source of emission.
A local pollutant is a pollutant with some absorptive capacity.
A regional pollutant is one in which damage is experienced at great
distances from the source of emission.
An increase in stock pollutants will lead to
_________________.
an increase in fund pollutants.
greater intertemporal environmental damage.
more governmental regulations.
less profit for current generations.
If decision making is economic, could the optimal level of a
pollutant ever be zero or close to zero? Why?
Yes, if the damage caused by the first unit of pollution is so severe that
it is higher than the marginal cost of controlling the last unit of
pollution.
No, governments could never agree on decreases in a certain type of
pollutant enough to create zero pollution.
No, the cost of controlling pollution will always be higher than the cost
of the damage.
Yes, if society desires a pollution-free world.
In an efficient policy response, _________________.
governments would dictate the level of pollution each emitter could
emit.
each emitter would minimize the amount of pollution it emits.
each emitter should control its pollution until the total cost of
controlling the last unit is equal to the total damage it causes.
each emitter should control its pollution until the marginal cost of
controlling the last unit is equal to the marginal damage it causes.
To minimize the cost of achieving a given reduction in the
emission of uniformly mixed fund pollutants, ___________.
the marginal costs of damage must be equalized for all emitters.
the marginal costs of control must equal the marginal cost of damage.
the marginal costs of control must be equalized for all emitters.
the total costs of control must be equalized for all emitters.
Which of the following is true regarding pollution control
policies?
Emission trading allowances can only be traded with under the
authority of the government providing the allowances.
Using emission standards ensures that the authority will assign the
responsibility for emission reduction in a cost-minimizing way.
A plant manager is usually willing to give the government information
on the cheapest method of controlling pollution for that particular plant.
Emission charges reduce pollution because they increase the costs to
industries that pollute.
Which of the following will decrease concentration of
nonuniformly mixed surface pollutants at the receptor?
Some pollutant sources shut down operation in the area and there is no
increase in pollution from the remaining sources.
The emission levels of some sources increase with no decreases by
other sources.
An increase in the background concentration level from natural sources.
An increase in the background concentration level from sources outside
the control region.
Which of the following will increase the cost-effective ambient
charge paid by any source of nonuniformly mixed surface
pollutants?
A decrease in the monetary fee associated with the receptor.
A decrease in the number of receptors.
New government taxes associated with the receptor.
Anything that decreases translation of emissions from one source into
concentration at the receptor.
Which of the following is incorrect when discussing other policy
dimensions of controlling pollution?
There are political differences between pollution control policies that
raise revenue and those that allocate allowances.
It is impossible or impractical to try to levy an appropriate product
charge as an indirect form of environmental taxation
If external circumstances change, pollution control policies that raise
revenue and those that allocate allowances react in different ways.
Volatili