November 9, 2005
St. Albans Landscape Modeling Working Group
DRAFT Annual St. Albans Watershed Phosphorus Mass Balance
mt = metric tons/year
Animal Feed (21 mt)
Bedding (27 mt)
Dairy Cows
Manure Spread (98 mt)
Milk Produced
(40 mt)
Feed
(78 mt)
Crops &
Pasture
Agricultural Products
(? mt)
Uptake
Ag Fertilizer (? mt)
Agricultural Soil
Atm Deposition (0.6 mt)
Forest Soil
Dev Fertilizer (6.5 mt)
Developed Soil
Households (10.7 mt)
Industrial ??
TOTAL INPUTS:
65.8+ mt/year
Wastewater Sludge
(4.5 mt household only)
Industrial ??
Wastewater
Septic Fields
ANNUAL ACCUMULATION:
21.3+ mt/year
TOTAL OUTPUTS:
44.5 mt/year
Assumptions and parameters used in St. Albans Watershed Mass Balance
AGRICULTURAL INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
Parameter/Assumption
Value
Source
1
Total Animal Units in Watershed
9,600
2
3
Percent Cows Milkers
Percent Cows Heifers
Caloric (Mcal/day) requirements
4
TP (kg/day) nutritional requirements
5
6
*7
*8
Land base: corn silage (ha)
Land base: pasture (ha)
Percent corn and pasture used to feed
cows
Yield: corn silage (tons/ha/yr)
54%
25%
25.9/milker
11.6/heifer
.024/milker
.017/heifer
4,431
2,929
100%
*9
*10
Yield: pasture (tons/ha/yr)
Milk produced/milker (lbs/year)
Eco-indicators report (stocking density
1.1/ha x 9,142 hectares ag land).
VT State average. NASS
NRC. Dairy Nutritional Requirements.
NRC. Dairy Nutritional Requirements.
Digitaized landuse map. Orthophotos 2003.
Digitaized landuse map. Orthophotos 2003.
40 v. 15
NASS v. Magdoff et al.
5 v. 6.7
17,552
NASS v. Magdoff et al.
VT State average. NASS
Please send comments, suggestions, corrections, and feedback to Erica Gaddis: Erica.Gaddis@uvm.edu.
Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, 610 Main Street, Burlington, VT 05405
November 9, 2005
St. Albans Landscape Modeling Working Group
*11
*12
Bedding/AU (lbs/day)
Percent bedding imported to
watershed
4
100%
Cassell and Watzin
ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION
Parameter/Assumption
Value
13
14
Atmospheric deposition
(kg/ha/year)
Hectares in watershed
of
TP
0.044
14,697
Source
National atmospheric deposition program
(AIRmon)
Derived using GIS watershed delineation
RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS
Parameter/Assumption
Value
Source
15
*16
17
18
19
20
Average fertilizer applied to lawn
(kg/ha/application)
Average applications/year
Percent of fertilizer that is
phosphorus
Commercial landuse (ha)
Residential landuse (ha)
Percent of residences that fertilize
Commercial landscape = lawn (%)
Residential landscape = lawn (%)
Parameter/Assumption
21
22
23
*24
181
3
3%
71
1052
41%
40%
86%
HOUSEHOLDS
Value
TP for food and household products
(grams/person/day)
People in the watershed
Percent watershed households in city
Phosphorus removal of wastewater
treatment plant
2
14,642
44%
93%
Scotts recommendation
18 lbs/5000 ft2
Guess. Could get better number of survey.
Scotts typical fertilizer sold in 05478
Digitaized landuse map. Orthophotos 2003.
Survey 2004 of St. Albans City residents.
Reverse of impervious cover assumptions.
Source
EPA 2000. Onsite wastewater treatment
systems manual
City of St. Albans: Census 2000 + Outside
city: e911 households x 2.67 pe/house
E911 spatial database of households.
Influent = 7 mg/l (typical ww influent)
Effluent = 0.5 mg/l (permit)
MISSING DATA FOR MASS BALANCE
Parameter/Assumption
Value
Suggested Source
*25
*26
*27
*28
Average fertilizer applied to
agricultural lands. By soil type or in
total.
Other agricultural products exported
from watershed.
NRCS files for representative farmers?
Average value from Bourdeau Brothers (J.
Chamberlin)?
Use percentage of Franklin County values
based on watershed area or percent
agricultural land?
Industrial inputs and outputs.
Other inputs or outputs?
Please send comments, suggestions, corrections, and feedback to Erica Gaddis: Erica.Gaddis@uvm.edu.
Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, 610 Main Street, Burlington, VT 05405