Principles of Immunology
The Inflammatory Process
4/6/06
"Life is not measured by the number of breaths we
take, but by those special moments that take our
breath away."
Anonymous
Word/Terms List
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Acute phase proteins
Cell adhesion molecules
Chemotaxis
HEVs
ICAMs
Integrins
Mucins
Selectins
Inflammatory Process
A localized tissue response
Triggered by trauma and/or antigenic
insult
May include systemic effects
Characterized by redness, heat,
swelling, and pain
Principal cells are leukocytes and
macrophages
Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs)
 Required for extravasation
 Neutrophil extravasation
 Lymphocyte extravasation
Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs)
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Selectins
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Mucins
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Proteins
Present CHO ligands to selectins
Present on endothelial cells and neutrophils
Integrins
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Glycoproteins
Bind to carbohydrates
Expressed on leukocytes and endothelial cells
Proteins; heterodimers
Expressed on leukocytes
Bind to Ig superfamily molecules
ICAMs
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Ig CAMs
Expressed on endothelial cells
Bind to integrins
Margination and Extravasation
 Rolling
 Activation
 Arrest
 Transendothelial migration
Overview of Inflammation
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Cells involved
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Mediators
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Histamine
Cytokines
Kinins
Vascular changes
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Monocytes/macrophages
Neutrophils
Dilation
Increased permeability
Complement
Effects of Macrophage Cytokines
 IL-1, IL-6, TNF alpha
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Pyrogenic
Vascular permeability
Expression of CAMs
T and B cell activation
Ig synthesis
Systemic Changes
 Fever
 Acute phase proteins
 Leukocytosis
Interferon Effects
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T Helper induction
Macrophage activation
MHC expression
NK cytotoxicity
B cell activation
Lymphocyte Extravasation
 Naïve lymphocytes
 Occurs in secondary lymphoid organs
 Occurs in high endothelial venules
(HEVs)
 Lymphocte homing