Cell Cycle and Division
I. Limits to Cell Growth
a. DNA overload
b. Exchanging materials
c. Ration of Surface Area to Volume
d. Overtime many of the cells die and need to be replaced.
II. Chromosomes
o In eukaryotic cells, the genetic information that is passed on from one generation of cells to the
next is carried by ______________
o The cells of every organism have a specific amount of chromosomes
o Chromosomes are made up of
& ________ tightly packed to make chromatin.
o Right before cell division each chromosome is replicated, which results in two identical “sister”
. One chromatid goes to each of the two new cells.
III. The process by which a cell reproduces to create two identical copies is known as _____________.
 Cells formed by mitosis are known as _____________________
 The cell division process occurs in several different stages, known collectively as the
_________________
• The cell cycle consists of four stages  G1, S, G2, and M and then cytokenesis.
IV. The Cell Cycle
a. Consists of 4 stages:
Stage
Description
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
M phase
Interphase includes G1, S and G2
Prophase
 Mitosis begins
 Centrioles form and move toward
 Spindle ______________
 Chromosomes are condensed and become
 Nuclear membrane
Metaphase:
.
 Chromosomes attach to the __________________
 Chromosomes line up at the
of the cell
Anaphase
 Sister chromatids
, and move toward
.
 Each new chromatid is now called a
(Hint if there is a centromere, it is a chromosome)
.
Telophase
Chromosomes gather at ______________ and start to ________
• Spindles __________________
• Nuclear envelopes ______________ at the two poles
• New cell membranes begin to form to create two independent
cells
Cytokinesis
 The division of the_________________ to make____________ complete
_________________
 For animals, the cell membrane is drawn inward and the cell is pinched
in two.
 For plants, cell plate forms and divides the cell in two.