Note Taking Guide
Topic # 3041
Nutrient Requirements for Body Functions
Developed by Amanda R. Moore
I.
Definitions
a.
Metabolism
____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
b.
Anabolism
____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
c.
Catabolism
__________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
II.
Nutrient Requirements for Body Maintenance
a.
Body Maintenance: A condition in which the body is maintained without an
increase or decrease in body weight, and with no production or work being
done.
i.
b.
Examples
1.
_________________________________________
2.
_________________________________________
3.
_________________________________________
4.
_________________________________________
Approximately _________ of feed is used to fill the maintenance
requirement
c.
Maintenance Requirements must be met before supplying nutrients for other
functions
d.
Maintenance needs are related to ________________________
e.
Maintenance requirement in relation to weight can be expressed as Wt.75
i.
Example:
1.
III.
If a 500-lb animal needs 15 lb of feed per day for maintenance, a
1,000-lb animal of the same type would not require twice
as much feed as the first. Instead: 1000.75 shows that this
animal requires 1.7 times as much as the smaller animal =
(15lb x 1.7 = 25lb)
Nutrient Requirements for Growth
a.
Growth is the increase in protein over its loss in the animal body. It occurs by
increases in cell numbers, cell size or both
b.
Growth requires
____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
c.
Young animals require more ___________________ in order to
_______________________ and grow
d.
Mongastric animals also need certain amino acids for proper growth
e.
Young animals also need calcium and phosphorus, salt or a normal sodium
level, any mineral that may be deficient in the area the animal lives
f.
________________ and _________________ require special consideration
g.
i.
_____________________________ in the fetus prevents thyroxine
from being produced, causing goiters and eventual death in
newborns
ii.
________________ deficiency may cause white muscle disease in
newborns
_________________ are also required by growing animals
i.
Must be supplied to pigs and poultry through feeds (usually vitamin D)
Ii.
h.
_______________ is required to sustain growth, metabolic rate and
activities
i.
IV.
Vitamin A is usually the only vitamin commonly fed to ruminants
Can be supplied by feeding corn, barley or wheat
Nutrient Requirements for Fattening
a.
Fattening
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
b.
V.
Nutrient Requirements for Reproduction
a.
VI.
Results from excess energy from carbohydrates, fats or protein beyond the
the maintenance requirements
Two categories of requirements
i.
______________________________________________
ii.
______________________________________________
b.
Fetus requirements are __________________ in the last trimester of
pregnancy
c.
Nutrition of the female must not be ____________ during pregnancy
Nutrient Requirements for Lactation
a.
Milk production requires considerable ____________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________
b.
The need for protein is greater because milk contains more than
___________________
c.
____________and______________ are the two most important minerals
needed for lactation. If absent, may result in decreased lactation, disease or
even death
d.
_____________________ is the most vital requirement for the production of
a large quantity of milk
e.
High producing dairy cows may need up to four times the energy of a
nonlactating cow of the same size.
VII. Nutrient Requirements for Egg Laying
a.
Egg layers are usually fed free choice (as much as they can eat)
b.
It is important that rations have adequate concentrations of
____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
VIII. Nutrient Requirements for Wool Production
IX.
a.
These are in addition to nutrients needed for maintenance, growth and
reproduction
b.
Wool fibers are primarily protein, the ration should be adequate in protein
c.
Shearing may cause ________________ in energy requirements
Nutrient Requirements for Work
a.
Large amounts of ______________________ beyond the maintenance needs
b.
If energy is not sufficient in the ration, ___________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
______