THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
Chapter 14
Lesson 1 part 2
joint
a connection between two or more bones
or between cartilage and bone
Joints provide flexibility and
enable the skeleton to move.
Joints are designed for specific
functions and are classified into
two groups:
• Movable Joints
•Immovable Joints
Movable Joints
• ball and socket
• hinge
• pivot
• gliding (condyloid)
Ball and socket joint
Hinge joint
Pivot joint
Gliding (condyloid) joint
Immovable Joints
sutures - the interlocking
margins of skull bones
Anatomy of a joint
Tendon
Bursa
Femur
Patella
Bursa
Synovial Cavity
Ligament
Tibia
Bursa
synovial membrane
lines the inner surface
of the joint cavity
secretes a lubricating
fluid called synovial
fluid, which acts as a
shock absorber
between the bones
ligaments
connect the
bones of a
joint
ligaments
tendons
connects muscle to bone; often
extend across the joint and
strengthens it
bursas
Bursa
Bursa
Bursa
a fluid-filled
sac; lined
with synovial
membrane
bursas
located between tendons, ligaments,
& bones
bursas
Bursa
Bursa
Bursa
serve as
cushions and
reduce
friction
Bone & Joint
Diseases and Disorders
• Arthritis
• Rheumatism
• Sprain
• Double-jointed
• Osteoporosis
Arthritis
a disease in which joints become irritated or
inflamed, such as when cartilage in joints is
damaged or wears away; usually accompanied
by pain. Arthritis frequently results in
changes in the joint structure, greatly
hampering movement.
Rheumatism
a general term for
various conditions
that are
characterized by
soreness and
stiffness of
muscles and joints
Sprain
A stretch injury to the ligaments of a
joint. In severe sprains, the ligaments
may be torn.
Double-jointed
results from abnormally long
ligaments, which allow a joint to be
easily dislocated
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a common bone
disease which causes bones to
weaken and become brittle.
Healthy Bones
One of the best ways
to keep bones
healthy is to
exercise.
Without exercise,
bones weaken and
lose mass.
Bones need a
balanced diet that
includes calcium and
Vitamin D.
The Skeletal System and Homeostasis
Because bones supply calcium to your
nerves, muscles, and heart, a healthy
skeletal system is important in
maintaining your body’s homeostasis.
Working together with muscles, bones
enable you to move away from
unpleasant stimuli or danger.