Causes and Effects of the
French and Indian War
• Navigation Acts - England tries to control trade:
1. All trade must be in English ships.
2. Captain and crew must be English.
3. Anything going to colonies must go through England.
• Glorious Revolution – William & Mary over through
James II (Catholic) and restore Church of England.
Control in colonies is loosened and power in the
government is shifted to Parliament.
• Enlightenment – Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau . . . All
write of new ideas in government. We read them over
here.
The French and Indian War
• Lasted from 1754 to 1763
• France and England (They called it the 7 Years
War) Fought here and in Europe
• Dispute over land
EFFECTS
• Economic boom for colonies
• Forced the colonies to work together
• Colonies would have to pay for protection
• Proclamation of 1763 – Kept colonists east of
the Appalachian Mountains
F/I War 1750
English-French
rivalry
worldwide
would erupt into
a world war.
FRENCH AND
INDIAN WAR
OR SEVEN
YEARS OF
WAR
War begins over
land disputes in
the Ohio Valley
British want part
of fur trade and
the 2 openings
into North
America
FOUGHT FOR THE
CONTROL OF
NORTH AMERICA
England and the
13 Colonies
fight together to
defend their
empire.
Against the
French, Indian
allies and
Spanish
George
Washington
starts this war
F/I War Ohio
•Ohio Valley river
systems important to
England and France….
•Both countries
claimed these areas
which were disputed….
•Both countries built
forts to defend their
land claims….
•British concerned about French forts in
Virginia territory.
•Send Washington, a major in the Virginia
militia, to the Allegheny River Valley.
•Washington leads 300 men against the
French at Fort Duquesne and kills over a
100 French.
•Along the way, Washington builds Fort Necessity. The fort falls
to the French in a skirmish that will lead to the French and
Indian War.
•A British statesman later wrote about Washington’s first
skirmish: “The volley fired by a young Virginian in the
backwoods of America set the world on fire.”
Albany Plan
•1754: Albany Congress – convened by British, led by Franklin ~ 1st attempt at colonial unity ~
only 7 of 13 colonies there
•Purpose: keep Iroquois loyal, bolster defense against France through colonial unity
•Franklin sponsored plan for colonial home rule, unanimously adopted by delegates
•Colonies rejected: not enough independence
•London rejected: too much independence
Seven Years
of War
1755  Br. Decides to
Eliminate Fr. Presence
in No. Amer.
Gen. Edward Braddock --> evict the
French from the OH Valley & Canada
(Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)
 Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley,
& Acadia.

Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne 
by 1500 French and Indian forces.
Only Br. Success --> expelled France
from Louisiana.
British-American
Colonial Tensions
Colonials
Methods of
Fighting:
British
• Indian-style guerilla • March in formation
tactics.
or bayonet charge.
Military
• Col. militias served • Br. officers wanted
Organization: under own captains. to control colonials.
Military
Discipline:
• No mil. deference or • Drills & tough
protocols observed. discipline.
Finances:
• Resistance to rising • Colonists should
pay for own defense.
taxes.
Demeanor:
• Casual,
non-professionals.
• Prima Donna Br.
officers with servants
& tea settings.
French lose war
and all land in
North America
FRENCH AND
INDIAN WAR
OR SEVEN
YEARS OF
WAR
English inherit
vast new land
holdings in
North America
Great Britain
accumulates
huge war debts
FOUGHT FOR THE
CONTROL OF
NORTH AMERICA
Colonists realize
British are not
invincible seek
independence.
England sees
responsibility to
defend empire in
North America
King George
and Parliament
tax the Colonies
1763  Treaty of Paris
France --> lost her Canadian possessions, most of her
empire in India, and claims
to lands east of the Mississippi River.
Spain --> got all French lands west of the Mississippi
River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England.
England --> got all French lands in Canada, exclusive
rights to Caribbean slave trade, and commercial
dominance
in India.
Treaty of Paris 1763
•England gains French land
from Canada to Florida and
Appalachians to the
Mississippi River.
•England gains Florida from
Spain.
F/I War 1763
Effects of the War
on Britain?
1. It increased her colonial empire in
the Americas.
2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt.
3. Britain’s contempt for the colonials
created bitter feelings.
Therefore, England felt that a
major reorganization of her
American Empire was necessary!
Effects of the War on the
American Colonials
1. It united them against a
common enemy for the first
time.
2. It created a socializing
experience for all the
colonials who participated.
3. It created bitter feelings
towards the British that
would only intensify.
Effects on Colonists Pontiac’s Rebellions
•Iron Workers,
Shipbuilders and
Farmers benefited
from supplying the
army
Proclamation of
1763
• Natives Americans • British wanted to
in the great lakes
stop colonists from
resisted being taken moving west
over by the British
• Hoped to end
•Colonists gained
• Chief Pontiac
conflicts with the
confidence in their united Native
Native Americans
ability to work
Americans in the
together for a
Midwest to fight
•Proclamation drew
common goal.
the British
a line at the
Appalachian
• Parliament would • War lasted
Mountains
now be more strict several years until
on the colonies
Pontiac signed a
• Land west of the
peace treaty in
mountains was
• Colonists would
1766
reserved for the
have to pay taxes to
Native Americans
pay for the war
Effects on Native
Americans
• Most Native
Americans had
supported the
French
• Loss weakened
the tribes
• Despite the
Proclamation
settlers continued
to take their land
Effects on Colonists
• Iron Workers, Shipbuilders and Farmers
benefited from supplying the army
• Colonists gained confidence in their ability to
work together for a common goal.
• Parliament would now be more strict on the
colonies
• Colonists would have to pay taxes to pay for the
war
Pontiac’s Rebellion
• Natives Americans in the great lakes resisted
being taken over by the British
• Chief Pontiac united Native Americans in the
Midwest to fight the British
• War lasted several years until Pontiac signed a
peace treaty in 1766
Proclamation of 1763
• British wanted to stop colonists from moving
west
• Hoped to end conflicts with the Native
Americans
• Proclamation drew a line at the Appalachian
Mountains
• Land west of the mountains was reserved for the
Native Americans
Effects on Native Americans
• Most Native Americans had supported the
French
• Loss weakened the tribes
• Despite the Proclamation settlers continued to
take their land