How to Write a Bibliography
Why Cite
• Avoid Plagiarism:
– To steal or pass off the ideas of another as one’s
own. Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary
• Turnitin.com
– A website that checks student papers for originality
against other student papers and 11 billion web
pages.
– Used by High Schools & Colleges to check for
plagiarism.
• http://turnitin.com/static/index.html
When to Cite
• Direct Quotation:
“To be, or not to be: that is the question:
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune”
– William Shakespeare. Hamlet
When to Cite
• Paraphrase
– Express the same message in different words.
– Take information from a source and put it entirely
in your own words.
• Exact Quote: “The most pervasive twentieth-century theory
concerning Stonehenge is the notion that the megaliths were set
up to serve as a calendar or an ancient computer to predict
astronomical events” (Wendy Mass. Stonehenge).
• Paraphrase: A common theory in the twentieth century is that
Stonehenge was created to serve as a calendar or computer to
forecast astronomical happenings (Wendy Mass. Stonehenge).
When to Cite
• Facts, Numbers
• Introduce information that is not common
knowledge
– Common knowledge is information most people
know or can find out easily in an encyclopedia or
dictionary
What style to use
• Usually teacher assigns style to paper.
• Most common:
– MLA
• Revised 2009
– APA
• Revised 2007
What to include in your bibliography
• Basic book entries should contain:
– Author
– Title
– Date
– Publisher
• If a periodical, include:
– Journal/Magazine Title
– Journal/Magazine article title
– Volume number/issue number
What to include in your bibliography
• Website
– Title or name of webpage
– Date retrieved from Internet
– Web address (URL)
Steps to Cite Your Work
• Work Cited page is a separate sheet of paper
at the end of the document.
• Arranged in alphabetical order by author.
– If there is no author, use the title.
• Double space ENTRIES (not each line).
• Indent the second and following lines of each
entry 5 spaces (hanging indent).
Work Cited
Association of American Publishers. (2008). AAP Reports Book Sales Rose to $25 Billion in 2007.
Retrieved October 28, 2008 from http://publishers.org/main/IndustryStats/indStats_02.htm.
Byle, A. (2008). Zondervan launches teen fiction line, Christian publishers sees high potential in
young adult market. The Grand Rapids Press, p. C1. Retrieved November 10, 2008 from
Custom Newspapers. Gale Database.
Bowker. (n.d.). New Book Titles and Editions, 2002-2007. Bowker. Retrieved October 28, 2008
from http://www.bowker.com/bookwire/IndustryStats2008.pdf.
Campbell P. (2004). YA biblio-bullish trends: the sand in the oyster. The Horn Book Magazine, 80,
p.61. Retrieved November 10, 2008 from Expanded Academic ASAP.
Chang, I. (2008). HarperCollins, MySpace book a place on teen readers’ radar. PR Weekly, p.5.
Retrieved November 10, 2008 from LexisNexis Academic.
Goodnow, C. (2007). Top ten trends in teen literature. Seattle Post-Intelligencer, p. C8. Retrieved
November 10, 2008 from Custom Newspapers. Gale Database.
Hutkin, E. (2007). Who says teens don’t read? The Roanoke Times. Retrieved October 28, 2008
from Newspaper Source database.
Raugust, K. (1998). TV tie-ins target teen and preteen girls. Publishers Weekly, 245 n.3. Retrieved
November 10, 2008 from Business and Company ASAP.
In-Text Citations
• In-Text Citations:
– A brief mention in the text of your paper (usually
at the end of a sentence).
– Leads the reader to the complete information
about that reference (usually work
cited/bibliography).
– Should include author’s name, page number and,
for APA style, date of publication.
Examples
• MLA:
– A recent newspaper article described just how
thoroughly the neighborhood’s gruesome past has
been forgotten by its residents (Jackson 70).
• APA
– A recent newspaper article described just how
thoroughly the neighborhood’s gruesome past has
been forgotten by its residents (Jackson, 2002, p. 70).
Where to go for help
• Online Citation Manuals
– OWL
• http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/
– C.W. Post Campus
• http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workshop/citatio
n.htm
• Online Citation Builders
– North Carolina Universities:
• http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workshop/citatio
n.htm
– BIBME
• http://www.bibme.org/
Work Cited
Mass, W. (1998). Stonehenge. San Diego, CA: Lucent Books, Inc.
Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictinary. (1993). Springfield, MA:
Merriam-Webster, Incorporated.
Shakespeare, W. (1988). Hamlet. New York: Bantam Books.